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매립지에서 PCDDs/PCDFs 의 생분해 가능성과 거동
( Shinya Suzuki ),( Ryuji Yanase ),( Yasushi Matsufuji ),( Ryuichiro Kondo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2
매립 실험은 대규모의 라이시미터를 이용하여 침출수의 수질 분석을 통하여 침출 가능성과 생분해 가능성을 해명하기 위해 수행되었다. 이 라이시미터는 “white-rot fungi”와 고농도의 PCDDs/PCDFs 를 포함한 비산재, 바닥재, 그리고 불연성의 분쇄 잔재물이 포함된 복토층을 가진다. 본 연구에서 우리는 유전학적 분석과 모니터링을 통하여 세포 조직체의 검출로부터 매립된 폐기물 층과 오염된 토양증에서 white-rot flungi(Ceriporiasp. MZ-340)의 기본 특성을 조사했다. 3 년여에 걸친 대규모의 매립지 실험의 침출수 수질 분석의 연구로부터 도출된 실험용 라이시미터에 매립된 폐기물 층으로부터 침출수로 이동한 PCDDs/PCDFs 의 양은 1.15”~10-4%.에 불과했다. 이것은 대부분의 PCDDs/PCDFs 가 폐기물층에 남아 있다는 것을 의미한다. 침출수의 용출의 경우, PCDDs/PCDFs 는 부유 고형물(SS)과 같은 불용성 물질에서 검출되는 경향이 있다. 게다가, 관찰 3 년째에는, 대부분의 PCDDs/PCDFs 가 침출수에서 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 대부분의 PCDDs/PCDFs 는 매립지에 남아 있다고 결론내릴 수 있다. 그러므로 매립 초기에 부유 고형물 제거를 위한 대안에 초점을 맞춤으로써 PCDDs/PCDFs 를 침출로부터 막는 것이 중요하다. White-rot fungi 의 검출을 위한 유전학적 분석은 폐기물 매립층의 조건에서 살아남을 수 있는 생물체는 없다는 것은 보이고 있다. 기본적인 분해실험의 결과는 white-rot fungi 는 적당한 조건만 주어진다면 높은 성장 잠재력을 가지고, 비산재와 결합된 경우, 개체수가 단기간에 최대에 이를 수도 있음을 보인다. 생물정화를 위한 조건을 잡는 것이 필요하다. A landfill experiment was conducted to clarify the leachability and possibility of biodegradation in a landfill site through leachate quality analysis using a large-scale lysimeter. This lysimeter had a cover soil layer consisting of “white-rot fungi’’ and a waste layer consisting of fly ash including high concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), bottom ash, and the crushed residue of incombustibles. In this study we also investigated the fundamental properties of white-rot fungi (Ceriporia sp. MZ-340) in landfilled waste layers and the contaminated soil from the detection of cell bodies through genetic analysis and monitoring. From a study of leachate quality analysis of a large-scale landfill experiment carried out over 3 years, the amount of PCDDs/PCDFs moving into the leachate from the landfilled waste layer in the experimental lysimeter was only 1.15×10<sup>-4</sup>%. This means that most of the PCDDs/PCDFs remain in the waste layer. In the case of the elution of the leachate, PCDDs/PCDFs tend to be detected in insoluble materials, such as suspended solids. Further more, in the third year of observation, almost none of the PCDDs/PCDFs were detected in the leachate. It can therefore be concluded that most of the PCDDs/PCDFs remained in landfill sites. It is therefore important to prevent PCDDs/PCDFs from leaching by focusing on counter measures for the removal of suspended solids in the initial stage of landfilling. Genetic analysis for the detection of white-rot fungi also showed that there is no organism capable of surviving the conditions of the waste landfill layer. As a result of a fundamental degradation experiment, that showed that the growth potential of white-rot fungi is high if suitable conditions have been met, and that the number of fungi reaches its maximum in a short period of time, even when combined with fly ash. It is essential to consider the setting conditions for bioremediation.
( Qiuhui Jiang ),( Shinya Suzuki ),( Fumitake Takahashi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1
In our daily life, trash containers are usually used to collect wastes in private and public places. Therefore, we can consider trash bins as an important social infrastructure to keep public/private spaces sanitaiy and beautiful. We assume the design (color, slot shape and others) will influence the waste segregation efficiency and collectability of trash container. In the prior study, the authors found the color preference for PET bottle container. As shown in figure 1, the color with higher preference (right side) makes people feel as “appropriate color” for pet bottle container. White and gray are the most preferable colors and purple is the worst preferable color. In this study, the authors focus on the design of slot shape for PET bottle container. In addition, interactive effect of container color on slot shpare preferences is also concerned. The objective of this study is to measure preference degrees of different slot shape design for PET bottle container and investigate the impact of container color on slot shape preferences. We used web questionnaires data to scale slot shape preferences by binary pairwise comparison method. In the web questionnaires, two trash bins with different slot shapes and the same color were shown to the questionees. They were requested to only answer which slot shape they feel better for pet bottle container depending on their image and/or impression. Selection ratio dataset were analyzed to quantify the preference degree (Z score) using Thurston’s law of comparative judgment. We repeated the questionairs twice and questionees were adjusted to set equal male/female balance and equal age distribution from 20’s to 60’s at 10-year age interval. Average Z score obtained by twice questionuairs were used to discuss in this study. Larger Z score means the higher perference. In this study, we tested six types of different slot shapes for the PET bottle containers. In addition, five different colors, white, gray, blue, red and purple, were also tested, receptively. Figure 2 shows scaled preferences of slot shape with 5 different container colors. Although the five colors have different preference degree (Z score) as PET bottle container color, preferences of six different slot shapes and their orders are almost the same regardless of container color. The most preferred slot shape is two circles. It is the most familiar disposal slot design of trash containers set in public places in Japan. One circle design was secondly preferred and it is also familiar design of disposal slot in Japan. Ellipse is the similar shape with circle and thirdly preferred in all color cases. Bottle shape was preferred more than rounded-rectangle only in gray color. In red color case, the worst preferred shape is bottle shape. On the other hand, square is the worst preferred shape in other color cases. These results indicate that different color of trash bin has no psychological influence on preferred shape of disposal slot. In contrast, less preferred slot shape might receive non-negligible impact from container color. Further study is necessary to investigate interactive effect of container color on preferences of disposal slot shape.