Equine Bone-derived Biomaterials for Bioengineering Applications

( Sangbae Park ),( Juo Lee ),( Hoon Seonwoo ),( Jangho Kim ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1

Although technological advances in agriculture and livestock subsector have brought sufficient amount and quality of food to humans, the growing demand in livestock products comes with environmental challenges. Therefore, the bioprocessing of agricultural by-products such as animal bone is of great interest to researchers in biosystems engineering. Here, we propose strategies to engineer hydroxyapatite (HA) from equine bones for biological engineering applications. Hydroxyapatite derived from equine bones (EBs) has acquired focus because it is free from foot-and-mouth disease and has a low production cost. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of EBs are better than those of synthetic HA. Throughout this work, we developed bioengineered implants using EBs and established an organ-on-a-chip platform to effectively evaluate the bioengineered implants. In conclusion, given platforms and techniques would surely provide significant insight in providing advanced platforms for biological engineering applications.

Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Hydrolyzed Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Equine Bone 3D Printed Scaffold

( Sangbae Park ),( Kyoung-je Jang ),( Myungchul Lee ),( Jae Woon Lim ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Jiyong Park ),( Hyun Mok Son ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.2

For the dental implant to support the functional load, adequate quality of alveolar bone is necessary. Alveolar bone defects make it difficult for a dental implant to be grafted and function. The 3D printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds hold great promise to be used as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to it. In this study, Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Equine bone (PCL/EB) scaffolds were fabricated using microextrusion based 3D printing technique. PCL/EB scaffolds were then hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide solution. The mechanical strength and the surface property of the hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffolds were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM) and water contact angle analysis respectively. The in vitro behavior of the hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffold was investigated using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Cell proliferation of DPSCs on hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffold was discussed using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. And osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs on the scaffold was further investigated using Alizarin Red Staining (ARS), and western blot method. The result of this study shows that hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffold is a suitable implant material for regeneration of bone defect.

Characteristics and Cellular Behavior of Hydrolyzed Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Equine Bone 3D Printed Scaffold

( Sangbae Park ),( Kyoung-je Jang ),( Myungchul Lee ),( Jae Woon Lim ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Jiyong Park ),( Hyun Mok Son ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

For the dental implant to support the functional load, adequate quality of alveolar bone is necessary. Alveolar bone defects make it difficult for a dental implant to be grafted and function. The 3D printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds hold great promise to be used as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to it. In this study, Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Equine bone (PCL/EB) scaffolds were fabricated using microextrusion based 3D printing technique. PCL/EB scaffolds were then hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide solution. The mechanical strength and the surface property of the hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffolds were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM) and water contact angle analysis respectively. The in vitro behavior of the hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffold was investigated using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs on hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffold were discussed using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, Alizarin Red Staining (ARS), and Immunocytochemistry (ICC) method. The result of this study shows that hydrolyzed PCL/EB scaffold is a suitable candidate for regeneration of bone defect.

A Novel Microfluidic Platform for Evaluation of Bioengineered Implants

( Sangbae Park ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Jae Woon Lim ),( Byeongjoo Park ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2

A dental implant is defined as an artificial tooth root that is usually made of a special metal and surgically implanted in the region of a missing tooth. A highly osseointegrative dental implant surrounded by reconstructed periodontium is a promising tooth replacement option that mimics the structure and physiological functions of natural teeth. However, there is a shortage of in vitro models to effectively evaluate the bioengineered implants (bioimplants) as well as their integration with reconstructed tissues. In this study, a bioimplant-on-a-chip (BoC) platform was developed and applied to investigate the cellular responses of bioimplants. The cell culture conditions on BoC were optimized using Live/Dead assay, WST-1 assay, and immunostaining. To evaluate the osseointegration of PDL-like tissues on the implants, the expression of cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1) was observed using immunofluorescence imaging. As a result, this platform successfully mimicked the structure of the natural periodontium tissue. The induced PDL-like tissues showed enhanced collagen and periostin expression. Furthermore, the osseointegration of PDL-like tissues on the bioimplants was evaluated using BoCs. The results showed that the distribution of expressed CEMP-1 was not observed around the CPCs, whereas it was very high around the bioimplant. This finding indicates that this platform can effectively assess the osseointegration of bioimplants. As most studies on implants rely on in vivo tests, this platform holds significant promise for the development and evaluation of novel dental implants.

Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Equine Bone Film for Guided Bone Regeneration

( Sangbae Park ),( Kyoung-je Jang ),( Myungchul Lee ),( Jae Woon Lim ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

For the dental implant to support the functional load, adequate quality of alveolar bone is necessary. Alveolar bone defects make it difficult for a dental implant to be grafted and function. The guided bone regeneration is a surgical procedure that is mainly used to treat bone defects. Various barrier membranes such as titanium, polymer, and bioactive materials are used to prevent the formation of connective tissue into the defect site. In this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Equine bone (PCL/EB) films were fabricated as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration. PCL/EB solution was prepared incorporating equine bone into 10% (w/v) PCL/acetone solution. The PCL/EB films were made by evaporating the solution on a flat plate. The surface property of the PCL/EB film was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and water contact angle analysis. The in vitro behavior of the PCL/EB film was investigated using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs on PCL/EB film were discussed using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, Alizarin Red Staining (ARS), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), and Western Blotting method. The result of this study shows that PCL/EB film is a suitable candidate for guided bone regeneration membrane.

Engineering considerations of iPSC-based personalized medicine

Sangbae Park,권용현,Shahidul Ahmed Khan,Kyoung‑Je Jang,김장호 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Personalized medicine aims to provide tailored medical treatment that considers the clinical, genetic, and environ‑ mental characteristics of patients. iPSCs have attracted considerable attention in the feld of personalized medicine; however, the inherent limitations of iPSCs prevent their widespread use in clinical applications. That is, it would be important to develop notable engineering strategies to overcome the current limitations of iPSCs. Such engineering approaches could lead to signifcant advances in iPSC-based personalized therapy by ofering innovative solutions to existing challenges, from iPSC preparation to clinical applications. In this review, we summarize how engineering strategies have been used to advance iPSC-based personalized medicine by categorizing the development process into three distinctive steps: 1) the production of therapeutic iPSCs; 2) engineering of therapeutic iPSCs; and 3) clinical applications of engineered iPSCs. Specifcally, we focus on engineering strategies and their implications for each step in the development of iPSC-based personalized medicine.

A Novel Microfluidic Platform for Evaluation of Bioengineered Implants

( Sangbae Park ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Jae Woon Lim ),( Byeongjoo Park ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2

A dental implant is defined as an artificial tooth root that is usually made of a special metal and surgically implanted in the region of a missing tooth. A highly osseointegrative dental implant surrounded by reconstructed periodontium is a promising tooth replacement option that mimics the structure and physiological functions of natural teeth. However, there is a shortage of in vitro models to effectively evaluate the bioengineered implants (bioimplants) as well as their integration with reconstructed tissues. In this study, a bioimplant-on-a-chip (BoC) platform was developed and applied to investigate the cellular responses of bioimplants. The cell culture conditions on BoC were optimized using Live/Dead assay, WST-1 assay, and immunostaining. To evaluate the osseointegration of PDL-like tissues on the implants, the expression of cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1) was observed using immunofluorescence imaging. As a result, this platform successfully mimicked the structure of the natural periodontium tissue. The induced PDL-like tissues showed enhanced collagen and periostin expression. Furthermore, the osseointegration of PDL-like tissues on the bioimplants was evaluated using BoCs. The results showed that the distribution of expressed CEMP-1 was not observed around the CPCs, whereas it was very high around the bioimplant. This finding indicates that this platform can effectively assess the osseointegration of bioimplants. As most studies on implants rely on in vivo tests, this platform holds significant promise for the development and evaluation of novel dental implants.

에러 회복 기능을 포함하는 Ethernet 전송 프로토콜에 관한 연구

박성래(PARK SEONGRAE),신우철(SHIN WOO CHEOL),이상배(LEE SANGBAE),박민용(PARK MIGNON) 대한전기학회 1988 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1988 No.7

Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Using Graphene Oxide Coated Poly-(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold

( Jiyong Park ),( Sangbae Park ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Kyoung-je Jang ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.2

Periodontal disease occurs through bacterial infection in the oral cavity, and it can cause alveolar bone loss. Several efforts have been investigated to reconstruct alveolar bone such as grafting bone substitutes, 3D printed scaffolds, etc. Poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) satisfies biocompatibility and has biodegradability, showing its potential as a biomaterial substitute. However, although PCL is a widely used material for 3D printing, it is difficult for cells to adhere due to its strong hydrophobicity, so its use as a biomaterial has its limitations. In this study, we used graphene oxide(GO) as a coating material to promote the osteogenic differentiation ability of a PCL scaffold. First, a 3D printed PCL scaffold is fabricated, oxygen plasma treatment and coating conditions are established according to the concentration of GO, and the physical and chemical properties of the prepared scaffolds are evaluated through water contact angle analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Besides, the adhesion and proliferation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) on the GO scaffold were assessed via WST-1 assay, and the osteogenic differentiation ability was evaluated through Alizarin Red S Staining. As a result, it was confirmed that cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were enhanced in the scaffold coated with O2 Plasma and GO. Inconclusion, the plasma-treated GO coating method that we developed can be used to promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the scaffold.

배양육용 바이오잉크 출력을 위한 광개시제 비율 및 UV노광시간의 조사

박상배 ( Sangbae Park ),홍영걸 ( Yeonggeol Hong ),장경제 ( Kyoung-je Jang ),김장호 ( Jangho Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1

최근 실제 고기의 식감을 모사하는 배양육의 제작과 관련된 연구가 다수 보고되었다. 지금까지 보고된 다수의 배양육의 미세 조직은 근육조직 지방조직으로 구성되어 있는 실제 근육조직과 미세구조가 크게 다르며, 이 때문에 실제 식감을 모사하기 어렵다고 보고되었다. 이같은 문제를 극복하기 위한 방안으로 삼차원 지지체나 마이크로 캐리어와 같은 소재를 사용하는 시도들이 보고 되었다. 3D 프린터는 삼차원 지지체를 제작하기 위한 가장 유망한 방법으로 꼽히고 있다. 본 연구에서는 식용 지방산과 DLP 방식의 3D 프린터를 사용하여 3차원 지지체 제작하는 방법을 확립하고자 하였다. 지방 지지체용 바이오잉크는 Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl benzoylphosphinate(LAP), 지방산을 혼합해 제작하였다. 바이오잉크 조성의 최적화를 위해, 광개시제로 사용된 LAP의 농도를 1~4 mM 범위에서 1mM 간격으로 제작하였다. 실험에 사용된 Anycubic mono 4K(Anycubic, Shenzhen, China)는 405 nm의 광원이 적용된 DLP 프린터이며, 프린터의 노광시간은 슬라이싱 소프트웨어인 Photon workshop(Anycubic, Shenzhen, China)에서 노광시간 매개변수 조정을 통해 20~30 초 범위에서 2초 간격으로 설정했다. 본 연구의 모든 실험은 37°C의 온도를 유지한 상태에서 수행되었다. 프린터의 인쇄성능은 수직방향과 수평방향으로 나누어 평가하였다. 수직방향 인쇄성능 평가를 위해 50~500 ㎛ 직경의 원통형 모델이 사용되었으며, 수평방향 인쇄성능 평가를 위해 1000 ㎛의 정사각형 모델을 출력하였다. 바이오잉크의 조성별 세포독성 실험이 수행되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 바이오잉크로 고기의 지방조직을 모사한 형태의 출력물을 얻을 수 있었고, 세포독성 실험결과 LAP의 함량이 가장 낮은 바이오잉크에서 세포독성이 가장 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 향후 지방 지지체로서 사용 가능한 배양육용 지방지지체 제작방법을 확립하였다.