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MAGNETIC FORCE MICROMANIPULATION SYSTEMS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
R. SUPERFINE,J. K. FISHER,L. VICCI,J. CRIBB,E. T. O'BRIEN,R. M. TAYLOR II 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2006 NANO Vol.1 No.3
Manipulation systems using magnetic field gradients have the ability to apply a large range of forces noninvasively to a specific target. Depending on the requirements of a given experiment, the systems may be as simple as a single electromagnet for unidirectional manipulation or as complex as a high-frequency three-dimensional manipulator with force feedback. Here, we discuss the motivation for developing such systems, theory and design considerations, and give examples of the broad range of manipulators that has been put to use. In addition, we discuss a variety of applications demonstrating the range of experiments for which such a system is applicable.
( Steven R. Potter ),( Randall Hinojosa ),( Cliff D. Miles ),( Dan O’brien ),( David J. Ross ) 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.4
Background: Donor-derived, cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) level correlates with allograft injury with clinical validity and utility for quiescence and active acute rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients. We analyzed trends in dd-cfDNA level immediately preceding and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with implemented “shelter in place” and a tele-health strategy with remote home phlebotomy to limit COVID-19 exposure. Methods: During COVID-19 in the United States (US), we surveyed weekly (January 6, 2020-May 25, 2020) metrics for dd-cfDNA corresponding to both a low risk for active rejection (dd-cfDNA < 0.5%) and cohorts with indeterminate levels of 0.5% to 1.0% and > 1.0%. During the study timeframe, over 11,000 patient samples (67%) from 150 kidney transplantation centers were transitioned from standard facility-based to remote phlebotomy. Results: The proportion of dd-cfDNA samples, analyzed in 21 weekly aggregated cohorts by risk-stratification category, was unchanged during the COVID-19 escalation in the US. Linearized slopes for numbers of samples corresponding to indeterminate risk for AR cohorts of > 1.0% and 0.5% to 1.0% were -0.31 and -0.12, respectively; indicating that prevalence of these “at risk for AR cohorts” decreased during remote surveillance. Approximately 73% of samples corresponded to low risk of AR (dd-cfDNA < 0.5%), while an additional 15% of samples had dd-cfDNA level ≤ 1.0%. Conclusion: The combination of remote home phlebotomy including dd-cfDNA analysis and a tele-health program offer a new paradigm that may substantially improve patient compliance and assuage anxiety regarding the state of kidney allograft health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further prospective multi-center studies with robust outcomes data are warranted.
Point-of-care ultrasound for airway management in the emergency and critical care setting
Gottlieb Michael,O’Brien James R.,Ferrigno Nicholas,Sundaram Tina 대한응급의학회 2024 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.11 No.1
Airway management is a common procedure within emergency and critical care medicine. Traditional techniques for predicting and managing a difficult airway each have important limitations. As the field has evolved, point-of-care ultrasound has been increasingly utilized for this application. Several measures can be used to sonographically predict a difficult airway, including skin to epiglottis, hyomental distance, and tongue thickness. Ultrasound can also be used to confirm endotracheal tube intubation and assess endotracheal tube depth. Ultrasound is superior to the landmark-based approach for locating the cricothyroid membrane, particularly in patients with difficult anatomy. Finally, we provide an algorithm for using ultrasound to manage the crashing patient on mechanical ventilation. After reading this article, readers will have an enhanced understanding of the role of ultrasound in airway management.
The THESEUS space mission concept: science case, design and expected performances
Amati, L.,O’Brien, P.,Gö,tz, D.,Bozzo, E.,Tenzer, C.,Frontera, F.,Ghirlanda, G.,Labanti, C.,Osborne, J.P.,Stratta, G.,Tanvir, N.,Willingale, R.,Attina, P.,Campana, R.,Castro-Tirado, A.J.,Contini, Elsevier 2018 ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH Vol.62 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>THESEUS is a space mission concept aimed at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. These goals will be achieved through a unique combination of instruments allowing GRB and X-ray transient detection over a broad field of view (more than 1sr) with 0.5–1 arcmin localization, an energy band extending from several MeV down to 0.3 keV and high sensitivity to transient sources in the soft X-ray domain, as well as on-board prompt (few minutes) follow-up with a 0.7 m class IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. THESEUS will be perfectly suited for addressing the main open issues in cosmology such as, e.g., star formation rate and metallicity evolution of the inter-stellar and intra-galactic medium up to redshift ∼ 10, signatures of Pop III stars, sources and physics of re-ionization, and the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. In addition, it will provide unprecedented capability to monitor the X-ray variable sky, thus detecting, localizing, and identifying the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational radiation, which may be routinely detected in the late ’20s/early ’30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/ aVirgo, eLISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope. THESEUS will also provide powerful synergies with the next generation of multi-wavelength observatories (e.g., LSST, ELT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA).</P>
THESEUS: A key space mission concept for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics
Stratta, G.,Ciolfi, R.,Amati, L.,Bozzo, E.,Ghirlanda, G.,Maiorano, E.,Nicastro, L.,Rossi, A.,Vinciguerra, S.,Frontera, F.,Gö,tz, D.,Guidorzi, C.,O’Brien, P.,Osborne, J.P.,Tanvir, N.,Branchesi, M. Elsevier 2018 ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH Vol.62 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The recent discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational wave source GW170817, has demonstrated the huge informative power of multi-messenger observations. During the next decade the nascent field of multi-messenger astronomy will mature significantly. Around 2030 and beyond, third generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors will be roughly ten times more sensitive than the current ones. At the same time, neutrino detectors currently upgrading to multi km<SUP>3</SUP> telescopes, will include a 10 km<SUP>3</SUP> facility in the Southern hemisphere. In this review, we describe the most promising sources of high frequency gravitational waves and neutrinos that will be detected in the next two decades. In this context, we show the important role of the <I>Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor</I> (THESEUS), a mission concept accepted by ESA for phase A study and proposed by a large international collaboration in response to the call for the Cosmic Vision Programme M5 missions. THESEUS aims at providing a substantial advancement in early Universe science as well as in multi–messenger and time–domain astrophysics, operating in strong synergy with future gravitational wave and neutrino detectors as well as major ground- and space-based telescopes. This review is an extension of the THESEUS white paper (Amati et al., 2017), also in light of the discovery of GW170817/GRB170817A that was announced on October 16th, 2017.</P>
( Keun Soo Ahn ),( Koo Jeong Kang ),( Yu Na Kang ),( Yong Hoon Kim ),( Tae-seok Kim ),( Daniel O’ Brien ),( Lewis R Roberts ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Although molecular characterization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) has been studied recently, integrative analysis between molecular and clinical characterization has not been established yet. We analyzed RNA sequencing data with annotated clinical data for clarifying genomic features of intrahepatic CCA, molecular specific clinical features and evaluating therapeutic potential based on molecular subtypes. Methods: We performed next generation RNA sequencing of 30 surgically resected intrahepatic CCA from Korean patients. RNA expression, variants and fusions were analyzed with clinical, pathologic features. RNA sequences from 32 intrahepatic CCA resected from USA were used for validation. Results: Patients were classified into 2 subclasses based on unsupervised clustering, which showed a significant difference 5- year survival. The validation cohort of USA data also revealed two subclasses with significant differences in survival. Two subclasses had different clinical and pathologic features for higher CEA and CA19-9 levels, underlying cholangitis and bile duct type pathology in the poor prognostic subclass and more frequent hepatitis and cholangiolar type of pathology in better prognostic subclass. On pathway analysis, liver related signatures were enriched in better prognosis subclass. In poor prognosis subclass, inflammation related pathways were enriched and KRAS mutation was more frequent. Cholangiocarcinoma cell lines which have similar gene expression pattern with better prognosis subclass were sensitive to gemcitabine. Conclusions: Two molecular subtypes of intrahepatic CCA with distinct clinical, biological and prognostic differences were identified. With clinical and pathological characteristics, molecular subtypes can be predicted and different signaling pathways of subtypes may lead to more rational targeted approaches to treatment.
Genetic features associated with <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG uptake in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Keun Soo Ahn,Koo Jeong Kang,Yong Hoon Kim,Tae-Seok Kim,Bong-Il Song,Hae Won Kim,Daniel O’Brien,Lewis R. Roberts,Jeong Woo Lee,Kyoung Sook Won 대한외과학회 2019 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.96 No.4
Purpose: In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), genetic characteristics on <SUP>18</SUP>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (<SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG)-PET scans are not yet clarified. If specific genetic characteristics were found to be related to FDG uptake in iCCA, we can predict molecular features based on the FDG uptake patterns and to distinguish different types of treatments. In this purpose, we analyzed RNA sequencing in iCCA patients to evaluate gene expression signatures associated with FDG uptake patterns. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing of 22 cases iCCA who underwent preoperative <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG-PET, and analyzed the clinical and molecular features according to the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax). Genes and biological pathway which are associated with SUVmax were analyzed. Results: Patients with SUVmax higher than 9.0 (n = 9) had poorer disease-free survival than those with lower SUVmax (n = 13, P = 0.035). Genes related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, phosphorylation and cell cycle were significantly correlated with SUVmax (r ≥ 0.5). RRM2, which is related to the toxicity of Gemcitabine was positively correlated with SUVmax, and SLC27A2 which is associated with Cisplastin response was negatively correlated with SUVmax. According to the pathway analysis, cell cycle, cell division, hypoxia, inflammatory, and metabolism-related pathways were enriched in high SUVmax patients. Conclusion: The genomic features of gene expression and pathways can be predicted by FDG uptake features in iCCA. Patients with high FDG uptake have enriched cell cycle, metabolism and hypoxic pathways, which may lead to a more rational targeted treatment approach.