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- 저자 : ( Odongo Nicholas ) (검색결과 2 건)
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Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Promise Does Civil Society Hold?
( Odongo Nicholas ) 한국정책학회 2022 International Journal of Policy Studies Vol.13 No.2
This study aims at demonstrating civil society’s integral role in poverty reduction through its participation in and enhancement of the public policy process. I argue that civil society participation in public policy is the missing link in the fight against poverty in the continent. Through a multiple comparative panel regression analysis of 43 African countries, this study assesses the impact of civil society participation in public policy on out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita. Findings show that civil society participation in public policy led to pro-poor policies that contributed to reduced out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita, demonstrating how participation in public policy is instrumental and strategic for poverty reduction. The study highlights the empirical evidence needed to establish the indispensability of and desire to support civil society and institutionalize civil society participatory processes in public policy for the effective and efficient reduction of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Evaluation of Different Yeast Species for Improving In vitro Fermentation of Cereal Straws
Wang, Zuo,He, Zhixiong,Beauchemin, Karen A.,Tang, Shaoxun,Zhou, Chuanshe,Han, Xuefeng,Wang, Min,Kang, Jinhe,Odongo, Nicholas E.,Tan, Zhiliang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.2
Information on the effects of different yeast species on ruminal fermentation is limited. This experiment was conducted in a $3{\times}4$ factorial arrangement to explore and compare the effects of addition of three different live yeast species (Candida utilis 1314, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1355, and Candida tropicalis 1254) at four doses (0, $0.25{\times}10^7$, $0.50{\times}10^7$, and $0.75{\times}10^7$ colony-forming unit [cfu]) on in vitro gas production kinetics, fiber degradation, methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics of maize stover, and rice straw by mixed rumen microorganisms in dairy cows. The maximum gas production (Vf), dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVNDFD), and methane production in C. utilis group were less (p<0.01) than other two live yeast supplemented groups. The inclusion of S. cerevisiae reduced (p<0.01) the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), isobutyrate, and isovalerate compared to the other two yeast groups. C. tropicalis addition generally enhanced (p<0.05) IVDMD and IVNDFD. The $NH_3$-N concentration and $CH_4$ production were increased (p<0.05) by the addition of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis compared with the control. Supplementation of three yeast species decreased (p<0.05) or numerically decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate. The current results indicate that C. tropicalis is more preferred as yeast culture supplements, and its optimal dose should be $0.25{\times}10^7$ cfu/500 mg substrates in vitro.
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