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      • Hypoxia Tolerance Evaluation of Red Leaf Lettuce by Expression Analysis of LsADH Gene

        ( Mana Kumazawa ),( Manasikan Thammawong ),( Hushna Ara Naznin ),( Kohei Nakano ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

        The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoxia tolerance of fresh produce by gene expression analysis. An alcohol dehydrogenase-encoding gene (ADH), which is a key factor determining anaerobic metabolism, was analyzed in red leaf lettuce stored at 25 ºC under various O<sub>2</sub> conditions. LsADH expression of samples stored under 15%, 10% and 3.5% O<sub>2</sub> condition was detected about 6 times higher than the control (20.9%), and it was remarkably increased by 12 times when stored under 2% O<sub>2</sub>. On the other hand, the respiratory quotient breakpoint (RQB) was determined as 0.3% because RQ was mostly stable at around 1.1 under the O<sub>2</sub> level ranged from 20.9% to 0.3%, and notably increased at below 0.3%. The fermentation threshold (FT) was found as 1% because ethanol and acetaldehyde were remarkably accumulated at below 1%O<sub>2</sub>. In this study, 2% O<sub>2</sub> at which the relative gene expression level of LsADH increased markedly was considered as the gene expression breakpoint (GEB). From this fact, the ‘low O<sub>2</sub> limit’, estimated based on GEB is relatively higher and more sensitive compared to RQB and FT methods. GEB is thought to be a useful indicator in determining the appropriate O<sub>2</sub> concentration for storing fresh produce.

      • Antioxidant Gene Expression Analysis of Cucumber in Recovering Chilling Injury by Storage Temperature Shifting

        ( Nana Takahara ),( Manasikan Thammawong ),( Hushna Ara Naznin ),( Kohei Nakano ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

        The aim of this study was to explore the optimum temperature treatments for prolonged storage of vegetables avoiding chilling stress. Electrolyte leakage, antioxidant gene expressions and ascorbic acid (AsA) were analyzed in cucumber fruits, stored at different temperature conditions to reveal the relationship between the reversibility of chilling injury (CI) and antioxidant activity. Results showed that electrolyte leakage from cucumber fruit was increased during storage at 2°C, however, it decreased when storage temperature was changed from 2°C to 15°C on 3rd and 6th day of storage, that is, CI was reduced. On the other hand, electrolyte leakage continued to increase, even storage temperature was changed on 9th day of storage; CI was progressed. In addition, the expressions of CsAPX and CsSOD1 were always found increased when the storage temperature was changed at any storage length. Meanwhile, the expression of CsCAT was found increased only when storage temperature was changed on 3rd day of storage and it was reduced in spite of changing of the store temperature on 6th and 9th day of storage. From these observations, antioxidant activity might be accelerated when fruits were moved from low temperature to over the critical temperature for chilling stress, as a result, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased to recover the membrane function leading to the reversibility of chilling injury by 6 days of storage. In addition, expression of CsCAT was reduced when storage temperature was changed after 6th day of storage. However, excessive accumulation of ROS at 9 days caused by long storage at 2°C, the decreasing of CsCAT gene expression and lower production of AsA lead to the irreversibility of chilling injury.

      • Change of Phospholipid Species in Japanese Mustard Spinach Leaves during Senescence

        ( Daichi Nagaya ),( Daimon Syukri ),( Manasikan Thammawong ),( Kohei Nakano ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

        In this study, a wide target analysis of phospholipid species in Japanese mustard spinach leaves stored for different durations was conducted by mass spectrometry, and phospholipid class distribution and fatty acid composition were compared for the purpose of identifying the freshness maker metabolites. Self-cultivated Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) leaves were harvested and stored for 4 and 7days at 20°C. Lipid in the leaves was extracted by a MTBE method and brought to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) program for a total 141 phospholipids was prepared and used for a highly sensitive detection. Peak area of MRM chromatogram for each phospholipid molecule were calculated and compared using t-statistics. The highest number of phospholipids (43) were detected on day 7 whereas 41 was found on day 0. Almost all the phosphatidylcolines (PC) and phosphatidylinositols (PI) increased during senescence, but the other phospholipid classes were found unchanged. Especially, PI (14:1/16:1) and PC (32:1) increased significantly and were suggested to be a potential freshness marker metabolite. Further study is needed to confirm these findings through the quantitative determination.

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