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김금용(Keum Yong Kim),김진형(Jin Hyung Kim),김대근(Dae Keun Kim),류홍덕(Hong Duck Ryu),이상일(Sang Ill Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.2
본 연구는 Fill-Contact-Settle-Decant-Idle의 공정으로 구성된 활성슬러지 공정인 SBR(Sequencing bach reactor)공정에서 수리학적 체류시간을 24시간으로 하여 운전하였으며, 세포외 폴리머의 생성량, 흡착량, 제거율 등과 SRT와의 상관관계에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 본 실험의 목적은 활성슬러지 시스템에서 다양한 SRT를 통한 생물흡착 특성을 결정하기 위한 것이다. 연구 결과 SRT(Sludge retention time)가 증가함에 따라 단위 미생물당 유기물 흡착율 및 제거율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 단위 미생물당 생성되는 세포외 폴리머 양도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 생물흡착효율은 SRT가 증가할수록 높았고 SRT 30일에서 그 값은 53.2%였다. 하지만 단위 미생물당 생물흡착량은 SRT 2일에서(48.6 mg COD/gVSS) 가장 높게 관찰되었다. SRT에 따른 EPS량은 TSS, TCODCr 그리고 TKN에 의해 정량적으로 분석하였다. 상기의 결과로 인하여 슬러지의 플록 형성을 방해하여 슬러지의 침강성을 저해하며, COD 제거효율을 감소시키는 결과를 초래하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 미생물을 이용한 생물학적 공정 운영시 EPS의 특성을 고려하여 SRT, MLSS 유지, 유기물 부하량 등의 설계 인자를 적정히 선정하여 운영하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The objective of this study was to investigate biosorption of organic matter on EPS(Extracellular Polymeric Substances) at different SRT(Sludge Retention Time) in a SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) process, which was operated with the following operation steps: Fill-React-Settle-Decant-Idle. The hydraulic retention time was set to be 24 hours. The results obtained from this study showed that the organic removal efficiency per unit microbial biomass decreased with increasing SRT, and the corresponding EPS amount also did. The percent removal of organic by biosorption increased with SRT, and it reached to 53.2% at SRT of 30 days. However, the highest biosorption per microbial biomass(48.6 mgCOD/gVSS) was found at SRT of 2 days. The EPS analysis was performed by measuring TSS, TCODCr, and TKN. The EPS production per unit microbial biomass was observed to be high at a low SRT. Due to the above result, the floc formation was hindered and therefore poor settlement of sludge resulted in decreasing the COD removal efficiency. It was therefore concluded that the consideration of the system design should include the characteristic of EPS as well as other factors such as SRT, MLSS, and organic loading.
( Jae Min Lee ),( Bora Keum ),( In Kyung Yoo ),( Seung Joo Nam ),( Seung Han Kim ),( Hyuk Soon Choi ),( Eun Sun Kimm ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( Chang Duck Kim ),( Ho Sang 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Mucositis is a serious complication in patients receiving chemotherapy, and is induced by pro-infl ammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Selenium has several metabolic functions, including protection of membrane lipids and macromolecules from oxidative damage. Protection against intestinal mucositis during chemotherapy has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of selenium against chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (body weight 200-220 g) were randomly allocated to four groups: control: selenium: 5-fl uorouracil (5-FU): 5-FU plus selenium. Mucositis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (400 mg/kg). Selenium supplementation was administered by an intraperitoneal injection of sodium selenite (0.2 mg/kg). Results: Diarrhea and weight loss after 5-FU administration was attenuated by selenium treatment. The degree of damage to the intestinal villi in rats treated with 5-FU and selenium supplementation was lesser than that in rats treated with 5-FU without selenium(Fig.1). The mRNA expressions of IL-1ß and TNF-a were signifi cantly decreased in the group treated with 5-FU and selenium compared with those in the group treated with 5-FU alone(Fig.2). Conclusions: Selenium has a benefi cial effect in protecting the mucosa during chemotherapy. This protective effect is attributed to its anti-infl ammatory effects and the selenium-induced suppression of cytotoxic cytokines.
( Seung Han Kim ),( Hong Bae Kim ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( Hyuk Soon Choi ),( Eun Sun Kim ),( Bora Keum ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Chang Duck Kim ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.3
Background/Aims Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a feasible modality for the treatment of gastroparesis; however, the presently available device requires invasive surgical implantation for long-term stimulation and repeated surgical procedure after a period of time. This study is aimed at developing a wireless miniature GES device and testing its endoscopic insertion in animal models. Methods Endoscopic gastric implantation of the GES device was performed on 5 healthy weaner pigs under general anesthesia. We created an endoscopic submucosal pocket and inserted the gastro-electrical stimulator. In vivo gastric slow waves were recorded and measured during electrical stimulation. A multi-channel recorder, called an electrogastrogram, was used to record the gastric myoelectrical activity in the study. Results The gastric slow waves on the electrogastrogram were more consistent with GES on the gastric tissues compared to no stimulation. The frequency-to-amplitude ratio was also significantly altered after the electrical stimulation. Conclusions GES is feasible with our minimally invasive wireless device. This technique has the potential to increase utilization of GES as a treatment alternative. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020;26:410-416)