Composition Control of YSZ Thin Film Prepared by MOCVD

Matsuzaki, Tomokazu,Okuda, Norikazu,Shinozaki, Kazuo,Mizutani, Nobuyasu,Funakubo, Hiroshi The Korean Ceramic Society 2000 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.6 No.2

Zirconia films stabilized b $Y_2O_3$, YSZ, films were deposition by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) onto various kind of substrates. $Y_2O_3$, $ZrO_2$and the mixtures of these two were deposited and characterized. The deposition rate, the film composition and the structure could be systematically varied through the $Y(C_{11}H_{19}O_2)_3$, Zr(O.t-$C_H_9)_4$source gas ratios and the deposition temperature. The Y/Zr ratio in YSZ film could be adjusted by controlling the ratio of $Y(C_{11}H_{19}O_2)_3$, Zr(O.t-$C_4H_9)_4$partial pressures. This is because the ratios of the deposition rates of Y and Zr atoms in $Y_2O_3$and $ZrO_2$films to those in YSZ films, Ф, are constant irrespective of the input gas concentration. However, the Y/Zr ratio was found to be smaller than that estimated based on the deposition rates of un-mixed $Y_2O_3$and $ZrO_2$films. This is because the Фs of Y and Zr atoms are not equal. The activation energy of $Y_2O_3$component in YSZ films was similar to that of $ZrO_2$component in YSZ films. These YSZ values were more than 4 times larger than those of un-mixed $Y_2O_3$or $ZrO_2$films.

Preparation and Electric Properties of PbTiO$_3$Thin Films by Low-pressure Thermal Plasma Deposition

Nagata, Shingo,Wakiya, Naoki,Shinozaki, Kazuo,Mizutani, Nobuyasu The Korean Ceramic Society 2001 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.7 No.1

PbTiO$_3$ thin films were prepared by low-pressure thermal plasma deposition on (100)Pt/(100)MgO substrates. Mist of source material in which metal alkoxides are dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol was introduced into plasma through heating furnace and deposited onto substrates at $600^{\circ}C$. As-deposited PbTiO$_3$/Pt/MgO thin film prepared at 1.33$\times$10$^4$ Pa was grown epitaxially, but was consisted of many rectangular shaped grains, with many grain boundaries and it was impossible to measure electric properties. As-deposited film prepared at 1.00$\times$10$^4$ Pa showed weak peaks of X-ray diffraction and the film was not grown epitaxially. On the other hand, the film after annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ showed strong diffraction peaks and epitaxial growth was also observed. For annealed film, moreover, no clear grain boundaries were observed. The value of ${\varepsilon}_r$, tan${\delta}$, Pr and Ec of annealed film were 160, 3.2%, 10.4${\mu}$C.cm$^-2$ and 51.2kV.cm$^-1$, respectively. Since the composition, Pb/Ti, measured by EDS attaching to SEM changed point by point, the distribution of composition in annealed film was investigated and found out several relations between composition and electric properties. At stoichiometric composition, Pr and Ec showed the lowest value and they gradually became large as composition deviated from stoichiometric one. Moreover, the value of ${\varepsilon}_r$ became gradually large as the ratio of Ti became high.

Submarine Cable Measurements of Voltage for Current Monitoring in the-Tsushima and in the Tokara Straits

Hashimoto, Yoshio,Tashiro, Akimasa,Shinozaki, Takashige,Ishii, Hiaeo,Kawatate, Kazuo The Korean Society of Oceanography 2002 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.37 No.3

We have been measuring the voltage differences by using submarine cables in the Tsushima and in the Tokara Straits. The aim of these measurements is to estimate the volume transports of the ocean currents through those straits. In this paper, the voltage differences are compared with the corresponding sea level and air pressure differences between straits. Especially in the Tsushima Strait, the voltage difference is consistent with the air pressure difference as well as the sea level difference.

Stress Determination in Epitaxial Lead Titanate Films by Asymmetric X-ray Diffraction Method

Uchida, Hiroshi,Kiguchi, Takanori,Wakiya, Naoki,Shinozaki, Kazuo,Mizutani, Nobuyasu The Korean Ceramic Society 2000 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.6 No.4

Residual stresses in epitaxial films were measured by X-ray diffraction method. Lattice strains of the (hkl) planes measured along particular Ψ-angles were converted to the in-plane stress according to the equation of stress-strain tensor conversion. Residual tensile stresses were observed in epitaxial PbTiO$_3$ films deposited on (100) SrTiO$_3$ substrate. Tensile stresses approximately 0.9 GPa were measured in Pb-rich films, while it increased to approximately 2.0 GPa with the decreasing of Pb content in the case of Pb-poor films, which ascribed to the formation of lead and oxygen vacancies (expressed as x in Pb$_1-x$TiO$_3-x$).

Water-Soluble Undenatured Type II Collagen Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Orie Yoshinari,Yoshiaki Shiojima,Hiroyoshi Moriyama,Junichi Shinozaki,Takahisa Nakane,Kazuo Masuda,Manashi Bagchi 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.11

Earlier studies have reported the efficacy of type II collagen (C II) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a few studies have investigated the ability of the antigenic collagen to induce oral tolerance, which is defined as active nonresponse to an orally administered antigen. We hypothesized that water-soluble undenatured C II had a similar effect as C II in RA. The present study was designed to examine the oral administration of a novel, water-soluble, undenatured C II (commercially known as NEXT-II) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. In addition, the underlying mechanism of NEXT-II was also identified. After a booster dose (collagen-Freund’s complete adjuvant), mice were assigned to control CIA group, or NEXT-II treatment group, to which saline and NEXT-II were administered, respectively. The arthritis index in the NEXT-II group was significantly lower compared with the CIA group. Serum IL-6 levels in the NEXT-II group were significantly lower compared with the CIA group, while serum IL-2 level was higher. Furthermore, oral administration of NEXT-II enhanced the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + T (Treg) cells, and gene expressions of stimulated dendritic cells induced markers for regulatory T cells such as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1, and CD25. These results demonstrated that orally administered water-soluble undenatured C II (NEXT-II) is highly efficacious in the suppression of CIA by inducing CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells.

Genetic engineering approaches to understanding drought tolerance in plants

Zabta Khan Shinwari,Sohail Ahmad Jan,Kazuo Nakashima,Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.2

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, frost, etc., aff ect plant yield manyfold. These stresses can decrease the plant yield of important major crops up to 50%. The abiotic stress-related genes or other transcription factors (TFs) have multiple functions, as it increases proline content, leads closing of stomata to decrease the transpiration rate, enhances the production of some important stress-related protective enzymes, etc. and hence increases abiotic stress tolerance. Many TFs and other stressrelated genes have been identifi ed and characterized and transformed to many important cultivated plants against drought and others abiotic stresses. The transformed plants show better morpho-biochemical and physiological performances than non-transgenic plants. Many genetically engineered plants have been developed against drought stress including wheat, rice, tomato, soybean, cotton and many more. The effi ciently engineered clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system is now becoming a preferred choice of researchers to edit plant genomes for introgression natural resistance against a range of abiotic stresses. It leads genome editing by precise manure with minimal or no eff ect on growth and development of plants. Very limited reports are available to develop drought-tolerant plants using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here we discuss transgenic plant technology and new [CRISPR Cas9 and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS)] techniques to confer drought tolerance in important plant species.

Analysis of transcriptional regulation of Arabidopsis PIF family genes in response to abiotic stresses

Jin-Seok Moon,Satoshi Kidokoro,Daisuke Todaka,Sayuri Igusa,Junya Mizoi,Kazuo Shinozaki,Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

As one of the most severe stress conditions, drought strongly affects the plant growth and productivity. OsPIL1, a gene encoding a rice Phytochrome Interacting Factor (PIF)-Like transcription factor, was found to be down-regulated under drought stress condition. OsPIL1 shows a diurnal expression pattern and known to be involved in regulation of plant height. However, the mechanisms of down-regulation of OsPIL1 expression under stress conditions are remained unclear. In this study, the expression of PIF4 and PIF5, the most homologous genes of OsPIL1 in Arabidopsis, was analyzed and the expression of these genes were found to be oscillated in circadian manner and down-regulated in response to drought and low temperature similar to that of OsPIL1. To identify the regions involved in the responses to drought, low temperature and diurnal cycle, the promoter analysis of PIF4 was performed using transgenic Arabidopsis. Further promoter analysis is ongoing to specify regulatory regions in more detail.

DRL1 Regulates Adaxial Leaf Patterning and Shoot Apical Meristem Activity in Arabidopsis

( Kiu Hyung Cho ),( Hoon Sung Choi ),( Motoaki Seki ),( Sang Eun Jun ),( Young Byung Yi ),( Kazuo Shinozaki ),( Hirokazu Tsukaya ),( Gyung Tae Kim ) 한국식물학회 2007 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.50 No.4

Leaf shape is controlled early on by initiation at the shoot apical meristem (SAM), as well as by changes in the rates and planes of cell division and the polarity-dependent differentiation of leaf cells. To elucidate the regulation of this differentiation by signal(s) from the SAM, we screened for mutations in genes that might be involved in these early processes. A novel recessive mutant, 356-2 [identified as a new allele of the deformed root and leaf1 (drl1) mutant], was isolated from a collection of Ds transposon insertion lines. The 356-2/drl1-101 mutant produces narrow, filamentous leaves and defective meristems. Its palisade cells have a spongy cell-like structure and are fewer in number, indicating that the leaves are abaxialized. Interestingly, some of those filament-like leaves have no vascular tissues inside their blades. DRL1 encodes a protein similar to the yeast elongator-associated protein (EAP) KTI12. The amino acid sequence of DRL1 is universally conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These facts suggest that DRL1 might positively regulate leaf polarity and SAM activity by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation.