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Orality, Silence, and Recovery in South African, Cambodian, and Nigerian Literatures
( Karen Thornber ) 한국영어영문학회 2014 영어 영문학 Vol.60 No.3
This article examines relationships among orality, silence, and recovery in select works of global literature: the several English-language editions of the Lithuanian Jewish South African anti-apartheid human rights advocate Albie Sachs’s English-language memoir Soft Vengeance of a Freedom Fighter (1990); the French, English, Japanese, and Korean versions of the Cambodian human rights advocate Somaly Mam’s memoir Le silence de l’innocence (The Silence of Innocence 2005); and the English, Chinese, and Japanese versions of the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s English-language novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). While Sachs’s Soft Vengeance engages with silences concerning both conditions in apartheid South Africa and the frequently unspoken needs of those recovering from devastating injuries, Mam’s Silence of Innocence reveals many of the silences surrounding her own alleged experiences as a sex slave, as well as the global health crisis of sex trafficking. For its part, Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun exposes the silences of civil war in Nigeria. Although very different texts, separated by thousands of miles, these three narratives all draw attention to the uneasy relationship between silence and orality, their various versions/translation solidifying certain silences through orality and revealing even greater complications to recovery on any significant scale.
Microbe hunting: a Curious Case of Cryptococcus
Karen H. Bartlett,Sarah Kidd,Colleen Duncan,Yat Chow,Paxton Bach,Sunny Mak,Laura MacDougall,Murray Fyfe 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.3
C. neoformans-associated cryptococcosis is primarily a disease of immunocompromised persons, has a world-wide distribution, and is often spread by pigeons in the urban environment. In contrast, C. gattii causes infection in normal hosts, has only been described in tropical and semi-tropical areas of the world, and has a unique niche in river gum Eucalyptus trees. Cryptococcosis is acquired through inhalation of the yeast propagules from the environment.C. gattii has been identified as the cause of an emerging infectious disease centered on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. No cases of C. gattii-disease were diagnosed prior to 1999; the current incidence rate is 36 cases per million population. A search was initiated in 2001 to find the ecological niche of this basidiomycetous yeast.C. gattii was found in the environment in treed areas of Vancouver Island. The highest percentage of colonized-tree clusters were found around central Vancouver Island, with decreasing rates of colonization to the north and south. Climate, soil and vegetation cover of this area, called the Coastal Douglas fir biogeoclimatic zone, is unique to British Columbia and Canada. The concentration of airborne C. gattii was highest in the dry summer months, and lowest during late fall, winter, and early spring, months which have heavy rainfall. The study of the emerging colonization of this organism and subsequent cases of environmentally acquired disease will be informative in planning public health management of new routes of exposure to exotic agents in areas impacted by changing climate and land use patterns.
Karen E. Watkins 한국성인교육학회 2005 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.8 No.4
The purpose of this study is to rethinking workplace learning in a knowledg economy. How can we prepare organizations to better compete in an increasingly knowledge- based economy? What is the role of learning in the workplace? Forces driving a new conceptualization of workplace learning include the knowledge economy, the democratization of innovation, global competition, and a changing labor force. Workplace learning is adapting to this context by integrating learning with work. Learning at the individual, group, and organizational levels will increasingly include not only formal but also informal and incidental approaches. As workplace learning becomes more informal, responsibility for learning will need to changefrom individuals to organizations to societies. 이 연구는 지식기반경제 상황 속에서 이루어지는 업무현장에서의 학습에 대하여 살펴보고 있다. 어떻게 하면 우리들은 나날이 증대되는 지식기반경제 상황 속에서 좀더 나은 경쟁을 위하여 조직을 준비할 수 있을까? 업무현장에서의 학습은 민주주의 혁신, 글로벌한 경쟁, 그리고 노동력의 변화에서 발생될 수 있다. 업무현장에서 배우는 것은 일과 학습을 통합하는 맥락으로 이어질 수 있다. 개인, 그룹 그리고 조직상의 단계에서 학습은 형식적인 학습 뿐만 아니라 비공식적인 학습까지 포함될 수 있다. 업무현장에서의 학습은 개인의 변화는 물론 조직과 사회에 이르기까지 변화의 영향을 미칠 것이다.
Evidence on Acupuncture and Pain: Reporting on a Work in Progress
Karen Pilkington 사단법인약침학회 2015 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.8 No.5
Surveys of acupuncture use confirm that pain is one of the most frequently cited reasons for acupuncture therapy. This is true throughout a range of countries including Australia, Japan, the UK, and the USA [1–4]. Pain is reported as the most commonly treated condition by European acupuncturists and is second only to neurological conditions according to acupuncturists in China [5]. This widespread use indicates that an improved understanding of any reported beneficial effects, possible mechanism of action, and optimum practical application is of considerable importance and potential relevance to health care.