Effect of low-purity Fenton reagents on toxicity of textile dyeing effluent to Daphnia magna

Na, Joorim,Yoo, Jisu,Nam, Gwiwoong,Jung, Jinho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Environmental science Vol.19 No.9

<▼1><P>Zinc derived from low-purity Fenton reagents induced unintended toxicity of textile dyeing effluent toward <I>Daphnia magna</I>.</P></▼1><▼2><P>This study aimed to identify the source of toxicity in textile dyeing effluent collected from February to July 2016, using <I>Daphnia magna</I> as a test organism. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures were used to identify the toxicants in textile dyeing effluent, and Jar testing to simulate the Fenton process was conducted to identify the source of toxicants. Textile dyeing effluent was acutely toxic to <I>D. magna</I> [from 1.5 to 9.7 toxic units (TU)] during the study period. TIE results showed that Zn derived from the Fenton process was a key toxicant in textile dyeing effluent. Additionally, Jar testing revealed that low-purity Fenton reagents (FeCl2 and FeSO4), which contained large amounts of Zn (89 838 and 610 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively), were the source of toxicity. Although we were unable to conclusively identify the residual toxicity (approx. 1.4 TU of 9.71 TU) attributable to unknown toxicants in textile dyeing effluent, the findings of this study suggest that careful operation of the Fenton treatment process could contribute to eliminating its unintended toxic effects on aquatic organisms.</P></▼2>

신천으로 방류되는 염색페수의 생태독성 평가

나주림(Joorim Na),유지수(Jisu Yoo),정진호(Jinho Jung) 환경독성보건학회 2016 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.10

염색산업단지 방류수의 생태독성 및 원인규명

나주림(Joorim Na),남귀웅(Gwiwoong Nam),정진호(Jingho Jung) 환경독성보건학회 2016 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.6

Ecological risk assessment of a contaminated stream using multi-level integrated biomarker response in <i>Carassius auratus</i>

Samanta, Palas,Im, Hyungjoon,Na, Joorim,Jung, Jinho Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.233 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The goal of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of wastewater effluents on freshwater crucian carp, <I>Carassius auratus</I>, inhabiting Sincheon stream using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) at the genotoxic (micronucleus [MN] test), oxidative stress (activity of catalase [CAT] and glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase [GST], and level of lipid peroxidation [LPO]), histopathological (degree of tissue changes [DTC]), and physiological (condition factor [CF] and liver somatic index [LSI]) levels. The CF and LSI were significantly (<I>p</I> < 0.05) enhanced in fish from downstream sites (DS1 and DS2) as compared to that of upstream (US) fish samples. Moreover, a significant increase in morphometric indices (DTC) was observed in <I>C. auratus</I> collected from downstream sites (<I>p</I> < 0.05) and histopathological responses showed the degree of pathogenicity in the order of liver > kidney > gills. The activities of CAT, GST, and LPO in fish from the DS1 and DS2 sites were notably increased in gills, liver, and kidney compared to that of fish from the US site. Additionally, the MN test level in <I>C. auratus</I> from the DS1 and DS2 were significantly increased (<I>p</I> < 0.05) when compared with that of the US site. Considering the higher bioaccumulation of Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb in gills, liver, and kidney of <I>C. auratus</I> collected from downstream sites compared to that of the upstream site (<I>p</I> < 0.05), the observed toxicity was likely attributable to metal accumulation. The multi-level IBR index was higher at the DS1 site (15.08) than at the DS2 (1.02) and the reference US (0.00) sites. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that wastewater effluent discharge induces significant DNA damage, oxidative stress, and tissue injuries in <I>C. auratus</I> and suggested that the multi-level IBR approach should be used to quantify these effects on fish in streams and rivers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effluent discharge induced various biomarker responses in freshwater crucian carp. </LI> <LI> The biomarker response had higher values at downstream sites than at upstream site. </LI> <LI> Multi-level IBR index is a powerful tool to monitor aquatic pollution <I>in situ.</I> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

열 스트레스에 대한 Daphnia magna 의 세포 수준에서 개체 수준까지 영향

임형준(Hyungjoon Im),나주림(Joorim Na),정진호(Jinho Jung) 환경독성보건학회 2017 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.5

Investigation of Filamentous Fungi Producing Safe, Functional Water-Soluble Pigments

( Young Mok Heo ),( Kyeongwon Kim ),( Sun Lul Kwon ),( Joorim Na ),( Hanbyul Lee ),( Seokyoon Jang ),( Chul Hwan Kim ),( Jinho Jung ),( Jae-jin Kim ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.3

The production of water-soluble pigments by fungal strains indigenous to South Korea was investigated to find those that are highly productive in submerged culture. Among 113 candidates, 34 strains that colored the inoculated potato dextrose agar medium were selected. They were cultured in potato dextrose broth and extracted with ethanol. The productivity, functionality (radical-scavenging activities), and color information (CIELAB values) of the pigment extracts were measured. Five species produced intense yellowish pigments, and two produced intense reddish pigments that ranked the highest in terms of absorbance units produced per day. The pigment extracts of Penicillium miczynskii, Sanghuangporus baumii, Trichoderma sp. 1, and Trichoderma afroharzianum exhibited high radical-scavenging activity. However, the S. baumii extract showed moderate toxicity in the acute toxicity test, which limits the industrial application of this pigment. In conclusion, P. miczynskii KUC1721, Trichoderma sp. 1 KUC1716, and T. afroharzianum KUC21213 were the best fungal candidates to be industrial producers of safe, functional water-soluble pigments.

폐 미세플라스틱(PET)의 물벼룩 만성독성 연구

한보미(Bomi Han),박건우(GeonU Park),유승우(Seungwoo Yoo),김창해(Changhae Kim),정진호(Jinho Jung),나주림(Joorim Na) 응용생태공학회 2021 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.8 No.4

상업에서 사용되는 일회용 컵은 환경으로 유입되어 파편화되어 미세플라스틱 (MP)이 될 수 있다. 또한 MP는 수생 생물에게 섭식 될 수 있으며, 다양한 부작용을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 일회용 컵에서 유래된 MP 조각이 물벼룩에게 미치는 급성 및 만성 독성을 평가했다. MP 조각은 33.18 ±7.76 μm 크기의 PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) MP 조각으로 확인되었으며, 3종류의 첨가제 (1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene)가 함유되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 48시간 급성 독성은 최고 농도의 PET MP (200 mg L-1)에 노출된 물벼룩에서 20%의 유영저해 및 사망을 발견하였다. 21일 만성 독성은 5 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 PET MP 조각에 노출된 D. magna에서 대조군과 비교하여 줄어든 생존율 (31%)과 번식 (52%)을 보여주었다. 더욱이 PET MP는 태어난 개체의 발달 이상을 (3.5%) 대조군 (0.3%)과 비교하여 유의하게 (p < 0.05) 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 MP 조각의 섭취에 의한 장 막힘과 더 긴 체류 시간 때문일 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 일회용 컵 (PET 폴리머)이 작은 크기의 MP 조각으로 단편화되면 수생 생물에 심각한 생태학적 위험을 제기할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 또한 MP 독성 및 첨가제에 대한 근본적인 독성 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해 추가 연구가 수행되어야 한다. Commercially used disposable cups undergo fragmentation in the environment and become microplastics (MPs). These MPs can be ingested by aquatic organisms and cause a range of adverse effects. We assessed the acute and chronic toxicity of disposable cup-derived MP fragments in Daphnia magna. MP fragments were identified as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragment with a size of 33.18 ± 7.76 μm. The presence of three additives including 1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene was analyzed from MP fragments. The 48 h acute toxicity revealed that 20 % of immobilization and mortality were found at the highest concentration of PET MP (200 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). The 21 d chronic toxicity revealed that PET MP fragments significantly (p < 0.05) more reduced survival rate (31 %), total offspring (52 %) in D. magna compared with control group. The developmental abnormality of offspring (3.5%) by PET MP fragments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control groups (0.3%). These results are possibly induced by gut blocking by ingestion of MP fragments and their longer retention time. These findings indicate that the fragmentation of disposable cups (PET polymers) into small-sized MP fragments pose a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying toxicity mechanisms.