원시주의를 넘어서 : 애론 더글러스(Aaron Douglas)의 초기 삽화 작업에 나타난 인종적 정체성 문제와 할렘 르네상스

김진아 ( Kim¸ Jina ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.1

Aaron Douglas is widely known as a leading Harlem Renaissance artist particularly as a muralist. However, in the latter half of the 1920s and at the height of the Harlem Renaissance, he was deeply involved in print culture and provided graphic designs for covers, illustrations, and posters for the major magazines of the New Negro movement, such as Crisis and Opportunity, as well as several Harlem writer’s publications including The New Negro (1925), Nigger Heaven (1926), Home to Harlem (1928). This paper at first examines Douglas's early life just before and after he arrived in Harlem, focusing on how the questions of racial identity exemplified by the “New Negro” began to be explored in the context of the active support by and cooperation with Harlem Renaissance leaders. It then responds to those questions by analyzing Douglas's works with reference to the specific forms and subject matter. Harlem Renaissance art has been criticized as being other than a form of independent art movement owing to many artists' reliance upon white patronage and often responding to the mainstream expectation for ‘primitive’ cultures from African American artists. Also, the formal and thematic elements embodied in Douglas's works, such as Cubist and Art Deco style and Egyptian and African metaphors, showed the influence of Western modernist primitivism. However, Douglas also created critical differences beyond mere subordination and imitation to such mainstream primitivism. He suggested highly complicated and often paradoxical styles or poses, dialecticizing the relationships of the primitive and the modern, realism and abstraction, fine art and graphic design, Africa and America, nature and city, and the past and the present.

만몽개척청소년의용군의 문학적 재현

안지나 ( Ahn¸ Ji Na ) 숙명여자대학교 한국어문화연구소 2021 한국어와 문화 Vol.29 No.-

이 논문은 고바야시 히데오(小林秀雄)의 <만주의 인상(満洲の印象)>(1939)과 야마다 세이사부로(山田清三郎)의 <용진(龍鎭)일기>(1939), 오타키 시게나오(大滝重直)의 <지상의 별(地の星)>(1939)과 다고 도라오(田郷虎雄)의 <불꽃(焰)>(1939)을 각각 비교한다. 이 작품들은 모두청소년의용군 제도가 시행된 초기에 작가가 현지 시찰을 거쳐 집필한 작품이라는 공통점을 갖고 있다. 고바야시의 <만주의 인상>은 짧은 경험만으로도 청소년의용군이 직면하고 있던 문제의 핵심을 직관적으로 파악했다. 고바야시가 청소년의용군 훈련소에서 목격한 결핍과 비현실적인 정신주의와는 대조적으로, 야마다의 <용진일기>는 트랙터 등 농기구를 통한 영농의 기계화를 배경으로 낭만적인 만주개척의 이미지를 묘사했다. 한편 오타키의 <지상의 별>에서는 일본 농촌의 한 여성이 남편의 전사를 계기로 머나먼 이국이었던 중국을 구체적으로 인식하게 되면서 전쟁을 수행하는 일본인으로서의 자각을 이룬다. 다고의 <불꽃>은 이미 인구 과잉에서 인구 부족으로 전환된 일본 농촌을 배경으로 교사가 ‘척식교육’이라는 이름으로 교사로서의 권위와 인간적인 매력에 의지하여 제자들을 만주로 송출하는 상황을 묘사했다. 1939년 당시 청소년의용군 모집 및 송출 과정에서 일본인 소년들이 이러한 문학작품을 얼마나 접할 수 있었고 실제로 영향을 받았는지 검증하기는 어렵다. 그러나 국책단체에 소속된 작가들이 청소년의용군 자원을 권장하기 위한 일련의 수필, 소설, 희곡 등을 창작했고, 『신만주』라는 선전잡지가 이러한 작품들을 적극적으로 기획하고 게재하여, 만주이민 관계자만이 아니라 만주이민에 흥미를 가진 대중에게 노출되었다. 따라서 청소년의용군의 문학적 재현 연구는 만주이민 정책과 일본 아동문학의 맥락뿐만 아니라 근대의 식민지와 제국, 아시아의 인구 이동에 관한 다양한 영역으로 확장될 가능성을 내포하고 있는 것이다. This paper compares Hideo Kobayashi’s < ManshunoInshyou (Impression of Manchuria) > (1939) with Seisaburo Yamada’s < Ryujinnitki (Diary of Rouchin) > (1939), Shigenao Otaki’s < Chinohoshi (Star on the Ground) > (1939) and Torao Tago’s < Honou (Flame) > (1939). All of these works were written by the writers after an on-site inspection of the Manchuria Pioneering Youth Voluntary Army in 1939.

2020년 호남지역 마한·백제 고고학 조사·연구의 성과와 과제

임지나 ( Im¸ Ji-na ) 백제학회 2021 백제학보 Vol.- No.37

본고는 2020년 호남지역에서 진행된 마한·백제 고고학 관련 발굴조사 및 연구 내용을 정리하고 앞으로 연구의 과제에 대하여 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 2020년에는 역사문화권 정비 등에 관한 특별법 제정과 관련하여 호남지역에 대한 많은 학술조사가 이루어졌다. 2020년 전남지역에서 조사된 유적의 주요 성과를 살피면, 고분유적이 주를 이룬다. 복암리 일원의 고분유적에 대한 추가 자료(나주 정가고분)가 발굴조사 되어, 영동리 고분군과 복암리 고분군 피장자 세력의 사회적 위계 구조를 복원할 수 있는 자료를 확보한 성과를 우선 들 수 있다. 또한 나주 월량리 구양고분에서는 매장주체시설이 확인되지 않았는데, 고총고분 축조 유행이 시작된 5세기 중엽 이후로 고분군 내 혹은 단독 입지를 선택하여 일종의 허묘(수묘)와 같은 분구 성토물 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 추후 면밀한 검토가 필요하겠지만 고분유적에 자리한 분구가 모두 죽은 이를 매장하는 무덤이라는 기존 인식의 변화가 필요한 자료로 판단된다. 전북지역에서는 고분, 성곽, 제철, 봉수유적 등 육안으로 노출되거나 기존에 알려져 있는 유적을 중심으로 많은 수의 학술조사가 이루어졌다. 이는 2019년과 연계되어 전북지역 가야문화유산 연구복원 사업의 일환으로 진행되었는데, 이러한 조사를 통해서 지속적으로 가야세력의 공간적인 범위와 문화상이 밝혀지고 있다. 이처럼 2020년 호남지역의 발굴조사는 가야와 마한문화권 관련한 학술조사가 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 이를 통한 정비·복원이 이루어진 한해였다. 다만 관련 범위가 제한적이고 대상 자료의 종류와 폭도 기존 연구사에서 크게 벗어나지 못하고 있어 이는 지속적인 논의와 검토를 통해서 풀어나가야 할 향후 과제로 판단 된다. This paper aims to organize the excavation and research related to Mahan and Baekje archaeology conducted in Honam in 2020 and investigate future research issues. In 2020, a number of academic surveys were conducted on Hunan area in connection with the enactment of a special law on the maintenance of historical and cultural areas. According to the results of the survey conducted in South Jeolla Province in 2020, the remains of ancient tombs will be the mainstream. The excavation and investigation of the remains of the tombs around Bogam-ri (Naju Jeongga tombs) have revealed the results of restoring the social hierarchy of the burial groups in Yeongdong-ri and Bogam-ri tombs. In addition, although no burial facilities have been identified in the Guryang tomb in Wolyang-ri, Naju, since the mid-5th century, the number of burial mounds has increased. In North Jeolla Province, many academic investigations have been conducted, focusing on the remains of ancient tombs, castles, ironworks, and Bongbu. This was carried out as part of the Gaya Cultural Heritage Research and Restoration Project in North Jeolla Province in conjunction with 2019, and the spatial scope and cultural image of the Gaya forces are continuously revealed through these surveys. As mentioned above, most of the excavation surveys in Honam by 2020 were conducted on Gaya and Mahan cultural circles, and the restoration and restoration were carried out through them. However, since the scope of the research is limited and the type and width of the data are not significantly different from the existing research history, it is considered to be a problem to be solved through continuous discussion and discussion.

영어 폐쇄음 삽입

임진아 ( Lim¸ Jin-a ),양선기 ( Yang¸ Seon Ki ) 대한영어영문학회 2021 영어영문학연구 Vol.47 No.4

This study investigates stop epenthesis occurring in nasal-fricative sequences in English to shed light on dialectal differences between American English and British English, differences in duration between the underlying /t/ and the epenthetic [t], and correlation between duration of /t/ and perception of epenthetic stop. We discuss whether fricative voicing, tautosyllabicity of the /ns/ cluster, and the position of stress have an affect on stop epenthesis. This study conducted production and perception experiments. In a production experiment, five American speakers and two British English speakers produced real English words with /nts, ns, ndz, nz/ clusters. The results showed that stop epenthesis occurred more frequently in American English than in British English. The closure duration of the underlying /t/ was significantly longer than that of the epenthetic [t]. The stop [t] was more frequently epenthesized in the /ns/ cluster than in the /nz/ cluster. It was also more frequently inserted when /n/ and /s/ belong to the same syllable than when they are heterosyllabic. Stress had little affect on the duration of the epenthetic [t]. Subjects identified the epenthetic stop in a perception experiment where the closure duration of the epenthetic stops was manipulated with seven steps ranging from zero to 30ms. The results revealed that tautosyllabicity of the /ns/ cluster was the primary cue in perceiving the epenthetic [t] but voicing of fricatives and the position of stress did not have an affect on the perception of the epenthetic [t]. (Chonnam Nationa Univesity ․ Suncheon National University)

Ukraine and Responsibility to Protect (R2P): Present and Future Implications

Jina Choi(Jina Choi) J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The war crimes allegedly committed against the civilian population in Ukraine by Russian military forces has generated multiple detrimental outcomes. Due to these war crimes, Russia was suspended from the United Nations Human Rights Council(UNHRC) as of April 2022. Russia’s alleged war crimes currently are under-going thorough investigations by the UNHRC’s Commission of Inquiry. The current humanitarian situation in war-devastated Ukraine has been somewhat under researched. Method: This paper employs the Responsibility to Protect(R2P) theory to examine the present and future of potential application of R2P in Ukraine. Based on resources from the R2P and human rights related research by the US government, the UN and its agencies, scholars, and experts, This article analyzes the failure of Russia to observe the principle of distinction between civilians and combatants as required by the Geneva Conventions, war-affected citizens in Ukraine, as well as potential application of the Responsibility to Protect(R2P) and its im-plication that the international community has a duty to protect civilians against Russian aggressions. Results: The paper finds that the potential application of R2P in Ukraine will likely face some operational chal-lenges within the UNSC, the potential application of R2P seems feasible as it is both legitimate and justifiable action in accordance with the international law. The actual application of R2P should however carefully be con-sidered since the nature of use of force- often does more harm than good. The potential application of R2P might result in more harm to civilians if additional casualties are generated. Conclusion: The international community should employ additional countermeasures such as added eco-nomic sanctions. Pressure should be brought to bear until Russia decides to refrain from war and negotiate a peace between Russia and Ukraine. The potential application of R2P in Ukraine should therefore be most carefully considered and maybe used as a last resort, to avoid and prevent a potential Third World War in coming months.

Regulatory Functions of L2 Speakers’ Talk

Jina Lee 한국영어학학회 2007 영어학연구 Vol.- No.23

  In Vygotskian sociocultural theory, this paper discuss how repair sequences of L2 learners’ social speech and private speech play regulatory functions in their learning process. The difference between social speech (interpsychological interaction) and private speech (intrapsychological interaction) is that social speech is addressed to others whereas private speech is addressed to the self. In order to discuss the regulatory functions of L2 learners’ speech in their higher-mental activities, I described the patterns of repair sequences in social speech and private speech in institutional settings using microdiscourse analysis. Two different data sets were collected over a year (2004-2005) at a North American university. The repair sequences in the data―speech peer interaction, student-teacher interaction and intra-personal interaction with the self―were found to play other-, and self-regulatory functions, which eventually showed how internalization occurred in learning process.

Rethinking Self-Repair: L2 users’ Intrapsychological Interaction in Comparison to Talk-in-Interaction

Jina Lee 한국영어학학회 2018 영어학연구 Vol.24 No.1

This paper is to rethink the issue of repair-sequences in inter- and intra- personal interactions during L2 reading. While the issue of self-repair sequences in talk-in-interaction has been explored in lots of existing studies, the comparison of self-repair in both interactions was not much discussed in the fields of conversation analysis(CA) as well as second language acquisition (SLA). Adopting Goffman’s (1981) notion of footing, a reader simultaneously becomes a reader and a speaker in intrapsychological interaction while reading. Therefore, in this discussion of repair, especially self-initiated self-repair sequences, we compared those in inter- and intra-psychological speech and found how meaning is negotiated through repair between the text materials and the L2 reader. Taking Vygotskian socio-cognitive theory, the findings of this study are: first, the momentary processes of meaning making actions deploying how intersubjectivity can be constructed by the self being a reader, a speaker, and a listener simultaneously; second, the structural similarity of self-repair sequences between the two types of interaction; and third, the cognitive function of repair in both types of speech events.

Domestic Violence: Dynamics of Masculinity and Femininity in Frank Norris` McTeague

( Jina Moon ) 한국영어영문학회 2017 영어 영문학 Vol.63 No.1

In McTeague, Norris shows a shift of paradigm from the physical power-based to financial power-based society in nineteenth-century America. For the survival of fittest, people are required to be agile and adaptable to new circumstances. Men have to equip themselves with financial capability in order to achieve masculine and patriarchal authority. Women are put under more complicated conditions when they are empowered to be independent from men by earning money. If they intrude on the masculine realm with financial power, females are likely to be punished for infiltrating the long-standing sanctity of masculinity and patriarchy. Financial power earned through industrialization and capitalism endows its holder with masculine authority, which drives gender dynamics, debilitating traditional gender lines of masculinity and femininity. McTeague and Trina are the “missing links” that explain the transition from an agricultural society to an industrialized and capitalized economy. Although they contain features of the two societies, the protagonists clash in their struggle for survival in the new culture due to their unfitness to adapt successfully. Both McTeague and Trina fail to adjust to the new paradigm due to the heavy influence of traditional gender ideology of the time. They are not “the fittest” to move into the new economy of industrialization and capitalism. Falling behind the game of social selection, they degenerate to animal states, a predator and his prey. Physical violence is a brutal expression of masculinity that failed males adopt to compensate for their economic castration.

The Female Subject on the Stage: Self-fashioning and Performing Femininity in Elizabeth Robins` The Convert (1907)

( Jina Moon ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2017 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.25 No.1

Women`s self-fashioning and performativity effectively functioned to camouflage their ambition and assertiveness in pursuing their political aims; lurking under the mask of conformity to and compliance with Victorian/Edwardian expectations was the beginning of the destruction of women`s roles. Self-fashioning and performativity endowed women with a multiplicity that was not confined to a single identity but conferred social identities on women in both the public and political spheres, resisting patriarchal gender codification. Vida, the main protagonist, adopts actresses` methods of self-fashioning and performativity by disguising herself as a miserable heroine of melodrama in order to unite herself with women of other classes and transform her agony into a negotiating point for obtaining women`s right to vote. Vida`s body becomes a venue to overcome class differences among women and a locus for achieving better legal status for women. Her versatility demonstrates the multi-faceted features of the modern woman and the possibility of women`s active involvement in political actions in the public sphere. Vida`s multiplicity of social identities, attained through self-fashioning and performativity, offer Edwardian society an opportunity to include other genders and classes in the political space after the fin de siecle moment. Vida`s conversion to a suffragist is a conversion that society must undergo as well. The Convert, published at a critical point in time with regard to political change, needs to reflect the change society must make in order to be just to all genders and classes.

The Nuclear Matrix Protein, NRP/B, Acts as a Transcriptional Repressor of E2F-mediated Transcriptional Activity

Jina Choi,Eun Sung Yang,Kiweon Cha,John Whang,Woo-Jung Choi,Shalom Avraham,김태억 대한암예방학회 2014 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.19 No.3

Background: NRP/B, a family member of the BTB/Kelch repeat proteins, is implicated in neuronal and cancer development, as well as the regulation of oxidative stress responses in breast and brain cancer. Our previous studies indicate that the NRP/B-BTB/POZ domain is involved in the dimerization of NRP/B and in a complex formation with the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma protein. Although much evidence supports the potential role of NRP/B as a tumor suppressor, the molecular mechanisms of NRP/B action on E2F transcription factors have not been elucidated. Methods: Three-dimensional modeling of NRP/B was used to generate point mutations in the BTB/Kelch domains. Tet-on inducible NRP/B expression was established. The NRP/B deficient breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, was generated using lentiviral shNRP/B to evaluate the effect of NRP/B on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the interaction of NRP/B with E2F and histone deacetylase (HDAC-1), and the expression level of NRP/B protein was analyzed by Western blot analysis.Changes in cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Transcriptional activities of E2F transcription factors were measured by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity. Results: Ectopic overexpression of NRP/B demonstrated that the NRP/B-BTB/POZ domain plays a critical role in E2F-mediated transcriptional activity. Point mutations within the BTB/POZ domain restored E2-promoter activity inhibited by NRP/B. Loss of NRP/B enhanced the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Endogenous NRP/B interacted with E2F and HDAC1. Treatement with an HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), abolished the NRP/B-mediated suppression of E2-promoter activity. Gain or loss of NRP/B in HeLa cells confirmed the transcriptional repressive capability of NRP/B on the E2F target genes, Cyclin E and HsORC (Homo sapiens Origin Recognition Complex). Conclusions: The present study shows that NRP/B acts as a transcriptional repressor by interacting with the co-repressors, HDAC1, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms of NRP/B on tumor suppression.