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박영호,변재형,장동석,조학래,신일식,김지회 한국수산학회 1988 한국수산과학회지 Vol.21 No.2
1985년 5월부터 1987년 10월에 걸쳐 韓國産 主要貝類인 진주담치, 굴, 피조개 등 13種類 506개 시료를 대상으로 마비성패류독의 시료별, 지역별, 및 수심별 분포를 밝히고 아울러 독소함량과 독소생성 원인플랑크톤 중의 하나인 Protogonyaulax tamarensis와의 관계에 대하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 506개 시료 중 53개 시료에서 PSP가 검출되어 약 10.5%의 검출율을 나타내었으며 PSP가 검출된 시료는 진주담치, 피조개, 바지락과 키조개 등 4종류 뿐이었고 나머지 시료에서는 검출되지 않았으며 이 중 PSP가 가장 빈번하게 검출된 시료는 진주담치이었다. 2. PSP가 검출되는 시기는 주로 2∼5월이었으며 특히 3월과 4월에 검출율이 높아 총양성시료의 약 52%를 점하였다. 지역별로는 남해안지역에서 고루 검출되었으나 釜山지역의 경우 6월과 7월에도 진주담치에서 PSP가 검출되어 지역차를 나타내었다. 3. PSP가 검출된 53개 시료의 독소함량은 진주담치가 피조개, 바지락에 비하여 다소 높았으며 지역별로는 馬山지역이 가장 높았고, 독소 함량이 可食部 100g당 80㎍을 초과하는 시료는 전체의 2.6%에 불과하였다. 4. 馬山지역에서 PSP의 함량과 P. tamarensis의 數사이에는 일정한 상관관계가 나타나지는 않았다. 5. 패류서식 수심별 패류독화율 및 독소함량은 표층이 다소 높게 나타났으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 6. 독화된 진주담치의 중장선에는 전체독소함량의 약 70%가 함유되어 있었으며 g당 독성은 중장선이 나머지 육질부에 비하여 약 9배나 높았다. Paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) accmulate in shellfish as a result of feeding toxic dinoflagellates. The shellfish do not seem to be harmed by the toxins, but become toxic to humans and other animals that feed on them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and changes of PSP by species of shellfish, collected area and collected month. Also, the correlation between PSP and toxic dinoflagellate, Protogonyaulax tamarensis, was investigated. Five hundred and six samples of 13 kinds of shellfish for PSP bioassay were collected at the shellfish growing area of Pusan, Masan, Chungmu, Samchoˇnpo, Yoˇsu, Mokpo and Daechoˇn located in South Korea during the study period from May, 1985 to Octcber, 1987. Most of the samples submitted were free from PSP except sea mussel, short-necked clam and ark shell. Among the intoxicated samples, PSP was most often detected in sea mussel. PSP was detected mainly in spring(February∼May) in the southern coast of Korea. In case of Pusan, exceptionally, toxic sea mussel have been found even June and July in 1987. The toxicity score of toxic shellfishes examined was ranged from 23.44 to 150.26㎍/100g of edible meat and toxicity of sea mussel was higher than other toxic shellfishes. By the study of anatomical distribution of PSP in sea mussel collected at Masan in Febuary and March, 1986, the toxin accumulated in digestive gland was about 70% of all.
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Cadmium-Induced transient expression of a reporter gene in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
( Dong Jae Kim ),( Seung Hyeok Seok ),( Min Won Baek ),( Hui Young Lee ),( Yi Rang Na ),( Kyoung Jin Noh ),( Sung Hoon Park ),( Hyun Kyoung Lee ),( Noton Kumar Dutta ),( Byoung Hee Lee ),( Jae Hak Par 한국동물실험대체법학회 2007 한국동물실험대체법학회 학술대회집 Vol.2007 No.1
Cadmium (Cd) is a serious environmental pollutant and can cause a variety of adverse effects in humans and animals. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a major role in a self-protective mechanism after exposure to heat shock, toxic chemicals, and other environmental stresses. Recently, our laboratory developed a heat shock responsive transgenic zebrafish that expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP) after exposure to copper sulfate. In this study, we showed Cd toxicity on zebrafish larvae and tested responsiveness of our transient zebrafish system to Cd exposure. Cd treated larvae showed morphologic abnormalities such as spinal lordosis and kyphosis. Cd induced enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter gene expression in pHhsp70-EGFP transfected CHSE 214 cells, with EGFP expressed in a dose-responsive manner. Embryos injected with pHhsp-EGFP were exposed to DMSO (0.01%) or Cd (low dose: 2 µM; high dose: 20 µM) 72 h after fertilization for 3 h. Cd induced EGFP expression in skin epithelium, olfactory epithelium, retina, liver, pronephric ducts, and myotubes. These EGFP expressing tissues are related to absorption and detoxification of Cd. Our transient zebrafish biosensor could be utilized as a biomarker, indicating the presence of environmental toxicants, in an early warning system.
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( Dong Jae Kim ),( Seung Hyeok Seok ),( Min Won Baek ),( Hui Young Lee ),( Yi Rang Na ),( Kyoung Jin Noh ),( Sung Hoon Park ),( Hyun Kyoung Lee ),( Noton Kumar Dutta ),( Byoung Hee Lee ),( Jae Hak Par 한국동물실험대체법학회 2007 한국동물실험대체법학회 학술대회집 Vol.2007 No.1
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor triggered by xenobiotics such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC). The hypoxia-inducible factor-1a1pha (HIF-1a1pha) is a conditionally regulated transcription factor activated by low oxygen conditions. Since both transcription factors share their common partner, AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) to form heterodimeric complex for AhR- and hypoxia-mediated signaling, activation of the HIF-1alpha may lead to interference with 3MC induced AhR signaling by sequestering ARNT. To test this hypothesis, wild type zebrafish embryos and transgenic zebrafish embryos that express GFP in response to AhR ligands were exposed to 3MC (60 µM) at 72 h after fertilization for 3 h and then transferred to hypoxic condition caused by cobalt chloride (10-4 M). Semiquantative RT-PCR PCR analysis showed that hypoxic conditions by cobalt chloride decreased 3MC–induced cyp1a1 mRNA expression in wild type zebrafish embryos. GFP expression of 3MC-induced transgenic zebrafish embryos were decreased in hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrated that hypoxic conditions inhibited 3MC-induced AhR signaling. But it is not clear whether this is mediated through competition for ARNT or through other mechanism.
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