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Kim, Inhye,Song, Young Ho,Singh, Nem,Jeong, Yong Joon,Kwon, Jung Eun,Kim, Hyunuk,Cho, Young Mi,Kang, Se Chan,Chi, Ki-Whan Dove Medical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.10 No.specal
<P>Nano-sized multinuclear ruthenium complexes have rapidly emerged as promising therapeutic candidates with unique anticancer activities. Here, we describe the coordination-driven self-assembly and anticancer activities of a set of three organometallic tetranuclear Ru(II) molecular bowls. [2+2] Coordination-driven self-assembly of 3, 6-bis(pyridin-3- ylethynyl) phenanthrene (bpep) (<B>1</B>) and one of the three dinuclear arene ruthenium clips, [(η6-<I>p</I>-iPrC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>Me)<SUB>2</SUB>Ru<SUB>2</SUB>-(OO\OO)][OTf]<SUB>2</SUB> (OO\OO =2, 5-dioxido-1, 4-benzoquinonato, OTf = triflate) (<B>2</B>), 5, 8-dioxido-1, 4-naphthoquinonato (<B>3</B>), or 6, 11-dioxido-5, 12-naphthacenediona (<B>4</B>), resulted in three molecular bowls <B>5</B>–<B>7</B> of general formula [{(η6-<I>p</I>-iPrC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>Me)<SUB>2</SUB>Ru<SUB>2</SUB>-(OO\OO)}<SUB>2</SUB>(bpep)<SUB>2</SUB>][OTf]<SUB>4</SUB>. All molecular bowls were obtained as triflate salts in very good yields (>90%) and were fully characterized using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and elemental analysis. The structure of the representative molecular bowl <B>5</B> was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The anticancer activities of molecular bowls <B>5</B>–<B>7</B> were determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, autophagy, and Western blot analysis. Bowl <B>6</B> showed the strongest cytotoxicity in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells and was more cytotoxic than doxorubicin. In addition, autophagic activity and the ratio of apoptotic cell death increased in AGS cells by treatment with bowl <B>6</B>. Bowl <B>6</B> also induced autophagosome formation via upregulation of p62 and promotion of the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Moreover, bowl <B>6</B> promoted apoptotic cell death through downregulation of Akt/mTOR activation, followed by increased caspase-3 activity. These results suggest that bowl <B>6</B> induces gastric cancer cell death via modulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Bowl <B>6</B> is a potent anticancer agent and a potential treatment for human gastric cancer that merits further study.</P>
Kim, Inhye,Bang, Woo-Young,Park, Won Ho,Han, Eun Hee,Lee, Eunji The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Nanoscale Vol.11 No.37
<P>As an attempt to establish a method for efficient and safe administration of therapeutic carbon monoxide (CO) to the human body, supramolecular nanoplatforms incorporated with CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) have recently been developed. In particular, hydrogel scaffolds have attracted considerable attention due to the possibility of site-specific and controlled liberation of CO. However, it would be greatly beneficial to enhance the mechanical strength of hydrogels to widen their applicability in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and surgical sectors. Herein, we report a visible light-mediated crosslinkable supramolecular CO-releasing hydrogel (CORH), based on the fibrillar assembly of elastomeric protein-derived tyrosine-containing short peptides. A photo-driven dimerization of tyrosine moieties located on the fibrillar surface of CORH, accelerated by a Ru-based catalyst, results in the entanglement and bundling of nanofibrils that significantly increases the mechanical strength and stability of the CORH, which allows prolonged CO-liberation through limiting the contact of CORMs with water molecules. The contact probability of a CORM with water determined by the spatial position of the CORM on the fibrils containing a crosslinkable tyrosine moiety that affects CO-releasing behavior was confirmed by adjusting the CORM position closer to or farther from the tyrosine in the peptide sequence. A bulky CORM closely located to the tyrosine in a peptide inhibited the effective dityrosine formation of tyrosine on the fibril surface, resulting in loose bundling of nanofibrils in the CORH and facilitating the release of CO through the exchange with water. The photo-crosslinked CORH demonstrated a potent cytoprotective effect on oxidatively stressed cardiomyocytes, as expected. This work could provide a useful insight for the practical application of gasotransmitters as functional nanomaterials in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.</P>
Kim, Yeonjoo,Kong, Inhye,Park, Hyesun,Kim, Heey Jin,Kim, Ik Jae,Um, Myoung-Jin,Green, Pamela A.,Vö,rö,smarty, Charles J. Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.637 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Water resources have been threatened by climate change, increasing population, land cover changes in watersheds, urban expansion, and intensive use of freshwater resources. Thus, it is critical to understand the sustainability and security of water resources. This study aims to understand how we can adequately and efficiently quantify water use sustainability at both regional and global scales with an indicator-based approach. A case study of South Korea was examined with the framework widely used to quantify global human water threats. We estimated the human water threat with both global and local datasets, showing that the water security index using global data was adequately correlated with the index for regional data. However, particularly poor associations were found in the investment benefit factors. Furthermore, we examined several different aspects of the index with the local datasets as they have relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. For example, we used cropland percentage, population and moderate water use as surrogate indicators instead of employing the approximately 20 original indicators, and we presented a regression model that was able to capture the spatial variations from the original threat index to some extent. This finding implies that it would be possible to predict water security or sustainability using existing indicator datasets for future periods, although it would require regionally developed relationships between water security and such indicators.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Strong correlations were found between global and regional indicators except for investment benefits. </LI> <LI> Three key indicators represent the majority of the spatial variation in incident threat. </LI> <LI> R25° is the most appropriate spatial resolution for regional analysis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, Inhye,Jeong, Heon-Ho,Kim, Yong-Jae,Lee, Na-Eun,Huh, Kang-moo,Lee, Chang-Soo,Kim, Geon Hee,Lee, Eunji The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of Materials Chemistry B Vol.2 No.38
<P>We prepared pyrene-labeled peptide amphiphiles (PAs) consisting of a hydrophobic linear- or branched-alkyl chain (for 1 or 2, respectively) and a hydrophilic histidine-rich peptide of HGGGHGHGGGHG (HG12). Both peptides have a strong tendency to form nanofibrils (NFs) in aqueous media. The resulting histidine-coated NFs show a great binding affinity to Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> as a fluorescence “light-off” sensor. Interestingly, the emission spectra of the pyrene probe show that the different supramolecular assemblies between 1 and 2 can significantly affect the binding affinity to specific metal ions. In particular, “light-up” fluorescent Ag<SUP>+</SUP> detection of NFs of 2 through inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) was observed even at a low concentration of PA solution. As a means to determine the biological responsibility of 2 to Ag<SUP>+</SUP>, intracellular detection using the “turn-on” response was performed. A considerable enhancement of fluorescence in NF-loaded HeLa cells was observed. In addition, the NFs were used as a template scaffold for the production of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with high monodispersity and stability. The NFs decorated with AgNPs are shown to possess highly effective and long-term antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria.</P>
Adaptive defogging with color correction in the HSV color space for consumer surveillance system
Inhye Yoon,Seonyung Kim,Donggyun Kim,Hayes, M. H.,Joonki Paik IEEE 2012 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS - Vol.58 No.1
<P>Consumer video surveillance systems often suffer from bad weather conditions, observed objects lose visibility and contrast due to the presence of atmospheric haze, fog, and smoke. In this paper, we present an image defogging algorithm with color correction in the HSV color space for video processing. We first generate a modified transmission map of the image segmentation using multiphase level set formulation from the intensity (V) values. We also estimate atmospheric light in the intensity (V) values. The proposed method can significantly enhance the visibility of foggy video frames using the estimated atmospheric light and the modified transmission map. Another contribution of the proposed work is the compensation of color distortion between consecutive frames using the temporal difference ratio of HSV color channels. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be applied to consumer video surveillance systems for removing atmospheric artifacts without color distortion.</P>
Kim, Inhye,Han, Eun Hee,Ryu, Jooyeon,Min, Jin-Young,Ahn, Hyungju,Chung, Young-Ho,Lee, Eunji American Chemical Society 2016 Biomacromolecules Vol.17 No.10
<P>We report a simple and facile strategy for the preparation of multifunctional nanoparticles with programmable properties using self assembly of precisely designed block amphiphiles in an aqueous solution state. Versatile, supramolecular nanoplatform for personalized needs, particularly-theranostics, was fabricated by coassembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) in aqueous solution, replacing time-consuming and inaccessible chemical synthesis. Fibrils, driven by the assembly of hydrophobic beta-sheet forming peptide block, were utilized as a nano template for drug loading within their robust core. PAs were tagged with octreotide [somatostatin (SST) analogue] for tumor-targeting or were conjugated with paramagnetic metal ion (Gd3+)-chelating 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The two PA types were coassembled to integrate each PA function into original fibrillar nanotemplates. The adoption of a bulky target-specific cyclic octreotide and beta-sheet-forming peptide with enhanced hydrophobicity led morphological transition from conventional fibrils to helical fibrils. The resulting one-dimensional nanoaggregates allowed the successful intracellular delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to MCF-7 cancer cells overexpressing SST receptor (SSTR) and MR imaging by enabling high longitudinal (T-1) relaxivity of water protons. Correlation between the structural nature of fibrils formed by PA coassembly and contrast efficacy was elucidated. The coassembly of PAs with desirable functions may thus be a useful strategy for the generation of tailor-made biocompatible nanomaterials.</P>