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        Women's Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study

        Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia,Gustina, Ni Luh Zallila,Pramana, Putu Harrista Indra,Astiti, Made Yuliantari Dwi,Jonathan, Jovvita,Melinda, Fitriana,Wijaya, Teo The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.2

        Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.

      • Poster Session : PS 0079 ; Cardiology : Hypertension and Prehypertension in Obese Medical Students in Private University, Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten

        ( Andree Kurniawan ),( Theo Audi Yanto ),( Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito ),( Resa Setiadinata ),( Margaret Merlyn Tjiang ),( Indra Wijaya ),( Stevent Sumantri ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

        Background: Obesity is an important risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension, and there are sex-specifi c differences in prevalence of obesity and hypertension. There is limited data about prehypertension in young adult in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity has relationships with prehypertension and hypertension. Methods: The participants were Indonesian medical students aged 18-25 years. Subjects were classifi ed into three blood pressure (BP) groups; normotensive (BP below or equal to 120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (BP between 120/80 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg) and hypertensive (BP above 140/90 mmHg). Obesity was evaluated by BMI above 25 kg/m2. Association of blood pressure in obese medical students was measured by using odds ratio (OR). Results: Eighty nine Indonesian medical students aged 18-25 years participated in the study. Twenty seven percent students were obese. There were 84.3% normotensive, 11.2% pre-hypertensive and 4.5% hypertensive students. Odds ratio of prehypertension and hypertension compared with normotension in obese students was 7.200 (p <0.000; 95% CI [2.103 - 24.656]). Conclusion: Obesity is associated with prehypertension and hypertension in Indonesian medical student. Key words: obesity, prehypertension, medical students

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