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구강 편평세포암종에서 P16ink⁴유전자의 Methylation에 대한 연구
강진원,김경욱,류진우,김창진 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2
The p16 protein is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits cell cycle progression from G1 phase to S phase in cell cycle. Many p16 gene mutations have been noted in many cancer-cell lines and in some primary cancers, and alterations of p16 gene function by DNA methylation have been noticed in various kinds of cancer tissues and cell-lines. There have been a large body of literature has accumulated indicating that abnormal patterns of DNA methylation (both hypomethylation and hypermethylation) occur in a wide variety of human neoplasma and that these aberrations of DNA methylation may play an important epigenetic role in the development and progression of neoplasia. DNA methylation is a part of the inheritable epigenetic system that influences expression or silencing of genes necessary for normal differentiation and proliferation. Gene activity may be silenced by methylation of up steream regulatory regions. Reactivation is associated with demethylation. Although evidence or a high incidence of p16 alterations in a variety of cell lines and primary tumors has been reported, that has been contested by other investigators. The precise mechanisms by which abnormal methylation might contribute to carcinogenesis are still not fully elucidated, but conceivably could involve the modulation of oncogene and other important regulatory gene expression, in addition to creating areas of genetic instability, thus predisposing to mutational events causing neoplasia. There have been many variable results of studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). This investigation was studied on 13 primary HNSCC for p16 gene status by protein expression in immunohistochemistry, and DNA genetic/epigenetic analyzed to determine the incidence, the mechanisms, and the potential biological significance of its Inactivation. As methylation detection method of p16 gene, the methylation specific PCR(MSP) is sensitive and specific for methylation of any block of CpG sites in a CpG islands using bisulfite-modified DNA. The genomic DNA is modified by treatment with sodium bisulfate, which converts all unmethylated cytosines to uracil(thymidine) . The primers designed for MSP were chosen for regions containing frequent cytosines (to distinguish unmodified from modified DNA), and CpG pairs near the 5' end of the primers (to provide maximal discrimination in the PCR between methylated and unmethylated DNA) The two strands of DNA are no longer complementary after bisulfite treatment, primers can be designed for either modified strand. In this study, 13 paraffin embedded block tissues were used, so the fragment of DNA to be amplified was intentionally small, to allow the assessment of methyla-tion pattern in a limited region and to facilitate the application of this technique to samlples. In this 13 primary HNSCC tissues, there was no methylation of p16 promoter gene (detected by MSP and automatic sequencing). The p16 protein-specific immunohistochemical staining was performed on 13 paraffin embedded primary HNSCC tissue samples. Twelve cases among the 13 showed altered expression of p16 proteins (negative expression). In this study, The author suggested that low expression of p16 protein may play an important role in human HNSCC, and this study suggested that many kinds of genetic mechanisms including DNA methylation may play the role in carcinogenesis.
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金鎭均 호남대학교 1989 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.10 No.-
英語單語의 强勢가 複線音韻論의 틀 속에서 운율적으로 분석된다. 强勢를 상대적인 卓位(prominence)의 관계로 정의하는 韻律理論은 音節을 음운성분(phononoloical constituent)으로 하여 階層的 構造로 분석하고 있다. Liberman (1975)에서 시작하여 Liberman and Prince (1977, 이하 LP로 약함)에서 理論의 체계가 확립되었다고 할 수 있는 운율적 强勢理論이 소개되며, 韻律構造에 모든 정보가 포함되어야 되기 때문에 LP처럼 따로 [±stress]를 표기하는것을 피하기 위하여 Selkirk(1980)의 强勢音步(stress foot)가 도입된다. 또한 單語規則 (Word Rule)과 複合語 强勢規則 (Compound Stress Rule)을 동시에 만족시키는 語彙節疇 卓位規則 (Lexical Category Prominence Rule)이 强勢音步의 견지에서 성립된다. 强勢規則의 적용방식에서 LP에서는 伐採規則 (Deforestation)에 의하여 前週期에서 형성된 樹型構造가 지워지고 다음 주기에서 새로이 樹型構造가 만들어지는데 本稿는 伐採規則의 부당성을 지적하고 規則의 적용방식이 엄격히 순환적이어야 함을 보인다.
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崔鎭圭,金容煜 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術 Vol.16 No.-
This paper presents the extensive ultra wideband indoor propagation channel measurements conducted in high-rise apartments. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the channel transfer functions in the frequency band of 3-10 GHz. The corresponding channel impulse responses were calculated by taking inverse Fourier transforms of the recorded channel transfer functions. Measurements were made in 8-10 distinct receiver (RX) local points throughout the apartment ranging from 1-20 m apart from the fixed transmitter location. At each RX local point; the RX was moved 25 times over a square grid of 5x5 spatial points spaced 15 cm apart. This measurement procedure allows us to characterize both the small-scale and the large-scale statistics of the channel. Both data analysis technique and measurement results are presented in the form of power delay profile and rms delay spread. The aim here is to study in more detail the behavior of the Ultra Wideband (UWB) propagation channel and to provide more measurement data required for the standardization activities in the IEEE 802.15.4a channel modeling subgroup.
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장애유아 통합교육의 성공을 위한 예비 유아교사 교육과정 탐색
이진화,임원신 남서울대학교보건의료개발연구소 2004 보건복지 연구 논집 Vol.1 No.1
This study aims to develop the curriculum of early childhood teacher education for inclusion. It has been increasing an interest in an inclusive education for young children these days. However, there are several barries to perform it sucessfully. Among them, the most important thing to solve barries for an inclusion is to prepare and practice general early childhood teachers. It is discussed about the importance of beliefs, attitudes and roles of ECE teachers in an inclusion. Also, according to the roles of ECE teachers in an inclusion, the analysis of present curricula for ECE teacher education is examined and several important subjects including parent involvement, practicum, and a understanding of individual child development, are explored. Finally, it is discussed about the problems which make difficult to develop the curriculum of ECE teacher education for an inclusion and also presented some methods for a sucessful inclusion in ECE.
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