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Protection Relay and Fault Information Analyzing System for Smart Grid
Ge, Liang,Wang, Liding,Yang, Changfu,Zhou, Shuxiong 대한전기학회 2013 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.3 No.2
For smart grid, the fault information from protection relays and fault recorders is useful for dispatchers to identify the grid fault and resume the power supply fleetly when a fault occurs. Traditionally, EMS/SCADA doesn't have the ability to collect the fault information. An application of protection relay and fault information analyzing system is proposed. In order to implement smarter analyzing functions, three approaches are adopted. First, the system unifies IEC61850 and IEC103 for modeling. Second, an analyzing method of relay characteristic is proposed to evaluate the action behavior of protection relays. Finally, the paper presents an approach to replay the actual action sequence with relay's logic diagram. The system has been carried out and the paper concludes that the system is effective and useful for dispatchers and relay operators in smart grid.
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( Jing Zhu ),( Yanjing Liu ),( Yanqin ),( Lixia Pan ),( Yi Li ),( Geliang ),( Qingyan Wang ) 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.7
Active lipase-producing bacterium Burkholderia gladioli Bps-1 was rapidly isolated using a modified trypan blue and tetracycline, ampicillin plate. The electro-phoretically pure enzyme was obtained by purification using ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight was 34.6 kDa and the specific activity was determined to be 443.9 U/mg. The purified lipase showed the highest activity after hydrolysis with p-NPC<sub>16</sub> at a pH of 8.5 and 50°C, and the K<sub>m</sub>, k<sub>cat</sub>, and k<sub>cat</sub>/K<sub>m</sub> values were 1.05 mM, 292.95 s<sup>-1</sup> and 279 s<sup>-1</sup>mM<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The lipase was highly stable at 7.5 ≤ pH ≤ 10.0. K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> exerted activation effects on the lipase which had favorable tolerance to short-chain alcohols with its residual enzyme activity being 110% after being maintained in 30% ethanol for 1 h. The results demonstrated that the lipase produced by the strain B. gladioli Bps-1 has high enzyme activity and is an alkaline lipase. The lipase has promising chemical properties for a range of applications in the food-processing and detergent industries, and has particularly high potential for use in the manufacture of biodiesel.
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