여성정책의 국제적 동향

김엘림 성신여자대학교 한국여성연구소 2001 여성연구논총 Vol.2 No.-

The women's policy of each nation has its own speciality resulted from the national political · economic · social · cultural background, women's empowerment level, and the perception on women's problematic situation of the influentials on policy, etc. But, according as the international agencies such as UN and ILO have eagerly urged each nations to implement their instruments such as the international conventions and action plans designed in order to realize gender equality, which has become the utmost universal goal in women's policy all over the world. Especially, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action have influenced on the international, universal tendency of women's policy. And the increasing tendency which worldwide nations recognize the universality of human rights and democracy have also influenced on these globalization of women's policy. Also, because a majority of women of every nation have suffered common reality in men-oriented society, common countermeasures are needed. This paper illustrates these international tendency of women's policy through the analysis of the gender equality policy in employment, anti-violence on women policy and establishment of administrative agencies for women's policy of UN, ILO and many nations. The major international tendency on the gender equality policy in employment is that the concretization of discrimination criteria, indirect discrimination concept, positive action for correction of discrimination, anti-sexual harassment at work, maternity protection, the compatibility support of work and family are the common contents. The major international tendency on the anti-violence on women policy is as follows : (1) The sexual violence be regard as crime infringed on rights to self-determination of sexual behaviors. (2) The domestic violence be strongly regulated. (3) Human rights education programme be implemented on men, policeman, the employees of judicial institutions, the employees of protective institutions for victims.

Maillard 反應에 關한 硏究 : Ⅳ. 脫脂乳의 Maillard 反應에 대한 糖의 影響 Ⅳ. Effects of the suger on the Maillard Browning of Skim milk

李乙熙,金炯甲 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1992 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.5 No.-

脫脂乳와 糖의 혼합 용액을 열처리 하여 Maillard반응의 發色强度를 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 갈변화 현상의 강도는 5炭糖>5炭糖>2糖類順이였고, 5炭糖은 ribose, 6炭糖은 D-sorbose 및 2糖類는 D(+)-melibose에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 糖의 농도가 증가될수록 갈변화현상은 높게 나타났다. 3. 반응액의 pH가 높아질수록 반응성은 증가되었다. 4. Skim milk-sugar 용액의 갈변화 현상은 85℃ 이상에서는 반응 온도 및 시간에 높은 의존성을 나타내었다. This experiments were carried out to study the characteristrics of the Mailard reaction in skim milk-sugar mixtures by heat treatment. The color intensities of melanoidins decreased in order of pentoses>hexoses>disaccharide and pentoses, hexoses and disaccharide showed the highest reaction D-xylose, D-sorbose and D(+) melibose, respectively As the pH values of reaction solutions and the percentage of sugars increased the color intensites of melanoidins increased. In skim milk-sugar mixture the color intensities of melanoidins showed dependence on reaction temperature and time, especially temperature at above 85℃.

Maillard 反應에 관한 연구 : Ⅰ. 아미노산과 6炭糖의 Maillard 反應 Ⅰ. Study on the Mailard Browning of Amino Acids and Hexoses

李乙熙,姜奉泰,金基元,文点東,吳錫斗 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1989 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

아미노산과 7炭糖溶液을 121℃에서 15분간 열처리하였을 때 Maillard 反應의 發色强度를 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 아미노산은 종류에 따라 갈변화 현상의 강도가 높은 것, 중간 것 및 낮은 것으로 대별되었다. 2. Ketose인 L-sorbose와 D-fructose가 aldose인 D-galactose, D-mannose 및 D-glucose 보다 갈변화현상이 높게 나타났다. 3. 반응액의 pH가 높아질 수록 반응성은 증가되었다. 4. D-glucose 및 D-fructose의 농도가 증가될 수록 반응성은 증가되었다. Common amino acids and hexoses have been ranked according to the intensity of Maillard Browning formed when heated in an autoclave for 15min, at 121℃. The results obtained as follows : 1. The amino acid compounds have been grouped into high, intermediate and low browning groups. 2. L-sorbose and D-fructose of ketose form showed higher velocity in this reaction than D-galactose, D-manose and D-glucose of aldose form. 3. As the pH values of reaction solutions increased, the color intensities of Maillard reaction increased. 4. As the concentrations of D-glucose and D-fructose increased, the color intensities of Maillard reaction increased.

참깨의 저온저장중 획분별 지방질의 지방산조성 변화

최상도,김형갑,이을희 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1990 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.3 No.-

참깨를 5, 8, 12개월 저온저장 및 자연저장중 획분별 지방질의 지방산조성 변화를 검토하였다. 지방산조성 변화는 대부분의 획분별지질에서 함량이 가장 큰 리놀레산은 감소한 반면 그 외 지방산은 증가하였으나 스테릴에스테르의 리놀레산은 저온저장중에 약간 증가하였고 올레산은 자연저장 중에 약간 감소하였다. 한편 인지방질의 팔미트산은 감소하였으며 저온저장중에서 올레산은 거의 변화가 없었다. C_18/C16지방산비의 변화는 당지방질, 스테릴에스테르 및 트리글리세리드는 감소한 반면 디클리세리드, 유리지방산 및 인지방질은 증가하였다. 불포화지방산/포화지방산비의 변화는 당지방질, 트리글리세리드, 디글리세리드 및 인지방질은 감소한 반면 유리지방산은 증가하였고 스테릴에스테르는 저온저장중에는 증가하였으나 자연저장중에는 감소하였다. This study was performed to find the change of fatty acid composition during the low temperature storage of sesame seed. The sample seed was kept within the cotton bag(20X27Cm) and the bag was stored in the refrigerator of 5℃. Also, the storing period of sample seed is 5, 8 and 12 months after the harvest time of sesame. The sesame oil was extracted by acetone at the harvest time and each storing time of sample seed. The lipids in sesame oil were fractionated into glycolipid(GL), sterylester(SE), triglyceride(TG), diglyceride(DG), free fatty acid(FFA) and phospholipid(PL) by means of solution was mixed normal hexane with ethylalcohol and thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid composition of each fraction were anlyzed by gas liguid chromatograpy. The linoleic acid content of the GL, SE, TG, DG, FFA and PL was decreased, while the oleic, stearic and palmitic acid content of GL, SE, TG, DG and FFA was increased during the low temperature storage of sesame. But the palmitic acid content of PL was decreased. Also the stearic and oleic acid content of PL was slightly increased. The ratio of C_18 to C_16 fatty acids in GL, SE and TG was decreased, but that of DG, FFA and PL was increased during low temperature storage of sesame. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in GL, TG, DG and PL was decreased, but that of SE and FFA was increased during low temperature storage of sesame.

煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 開發에 關한 硏究

鄭鉉丞,李乙熙,金哲旭,宋瑛敏,吳錫斗 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1990 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.3 No.-

우리나라에서 年間 50萬M/T 生産廢水處理되는 魚汁中의 蛋白質, U.G.F., Ca等과 991萬M/T 生産廢棄되는 煉炭灰中의 Fe, Zn等의 微量鑛物質을 混合한 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料(FBF:Fish-soluble-abosorbed briquette ash feed)를 開發하기 爲하여 一次로 1981年부터 1984年까지 煉炭灰의 成分分析과 煉炭灰 添加給與試驗을 哺乳中仔豚과 育成-肥育豚에 實施하였고 哺乳中 仔豚에 實施하고 있는 1, 2次 鐵分注射代用 給與試驗을 거쳐 添加給與飼料化 可能性 確認後 1985年부터 1989年까지 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 製造하여 5∼10% 添加 給與試驗結果 優秀한 成績이 나타났으므로 3%, 5%, 10% 水準을 代替配給한 飼料를 製造하여 哺乳仔豚의 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果, 育成期, 肥育期, 育性-肥育期의 飼養試驗, 試驗飼料의 製造,貯藏性, 消化率 및 經濟性, 豚의 背脂肪層,屠體率, 血液像 等으로 調査한 바 다음과 같다. 1. 煉炭灰와 煉炭의 一般成分 및 鑛物質 分析結果 煉炭灰의 成分含量은 수분(0.15%), 조단백질(0.52%), 조지방(0%), 조섬유(4.13%), NFE(0%), 조회분(95.35%), Ca(0.807%), P(0.074%), K(0.138%), Na(0.025%), Mg(0.183%), Fe(3,769mg/kg), Mn(98mg/kg), Zn(139mg/kg) 및 Cu(21.0mg/kg)이였고 煉炭은 NFE(10.96%), 조회분(71.35%), Ca(0.224%), P(0.043%), K(0.158%), Na(0.039%), Mg(0.191%), Fe(7,385mg/kg), Mn(116mg/kg), Zn(306mg/kg) 및 Cu(17.5mg/kg)이었다. 2. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料成分 分析 煉炭灰 500g에 濃縮魚汁量을 50g에서 250g 및 1,250g 乾物換算(1:1) 水準까지 混合시킨 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 成分含量은 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일때는 各各 11.69% 및 31.31%와 2.61% 및 10.6%로 增加하였고 粗纖維와 粗灰分은 各各 5.51% 및 3.86%와 62.82% 및 50.42%로 감소하였다. 아미노酸 成分에서 lysine의 境遇 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일 때 0.19%로 나타났으나 濃縮魚汁量 增加에 比例하여 250g일 때 0.75%로 나타났다. 기타의 아미노酸들도 濃縮 魚汁量이 增加할수록 아미노산 含量이 높게 나타나는 傾向을 보였다. 鑛物質成分은 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn 및 Co등은 濃縮魚汁量인 높을수록 높게 나타났다. 3. 哺乳中의 成長期와 離乳後 育成-肥育期에 微量鑛物質 供給濟로서 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 增體量은 配合飼料 單飼區보다 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰 給與區가 多少 높았으나 有意性은 認定되지 않았다(p>0.05). (2) 飼料效率은 配合飼料單飼區(4.71)보다 煉炭灰 給與 育成肥育區(4.84)가 약간 낮게 나타났다. (3) 仔豚育成區에서는 飼料效率이 3.0이었으며 萎縮豚에 效果가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. (4) 經濟性 分析結果 1kg增體當 飼料肥로 換算하면 配合飼料單飼區(829원)에서 比해 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰區(852원)가 23원이 增加하였다. (5) 仔豚育成區에서는 1kg 增體當 528원이 소요되었다. (6) 煉炭灰의 嗜好性은 좋은 편이었고 건강상태도 양호했다. 4. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 效果 및 離乳仔豚의 育成期에 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 煉炭灰를 3, 5, 7% 水準으로 添加 給與하였을 때 (1) 哺乳中 鐵分注射 代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食 시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. (2) 增體量은 煉炭灰를 3% 添加 給與하였을 때 가장 좋게 나타났다(P>0.05). (3) 飼料要求量은 對照區와 處理區間에는 큰 差異가 없었다(p>0.05). (4) 1kg增體에 所要된 飼料費는 T1(3% 첨가구), T2(5% 첨가), C 및 T3(7% 첨가구)에서 636.40, 646.72, 672.52 및 684.56원이었다. (5) 對照區에 比해 處理區에서의 血色素 含量은 암·수 供히 良好하였다. 5. 母豚과 哺乳仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을때의 乳汁을 通한 鐵分이 哺乳仔豚에 미치는 影響과 哺乳仔豚이 直接 採食하므로서 哺乳中 實施하는 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果는 (1) 生後 3週間의 體重은 本 大學(5.27kg)이 原種豚(5.00kg)보다 다소 높게 나타났다. (2) 育成數 및 育成率은 本 大學(8.0頭, 86.0%)이 原種豚(8.3頭, 88.3%)보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 離乳時 體重은 本 大學(17.8kg)이 原種豚(17.4kg) 보다 多少 높게 나타났다. (4) 分娩時期와 哺乳仔豚數가 같은 區에서 鐵分注射區와 煉炭灰給與區間의 比較成績은 煉炭灰給與區가 多少 좋게 나타났으나 有意差는 없었다(p>0.05). (5) 哺乳中 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. 5. 哺乳仔豚에 2回 實施하고 있는 鐵分注射를 1回로 줄이고 哺乳母豚과 仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 哺乳中 21日齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(4.48kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(4.43kg)보다 苦干 좋게 나타났다. (2) 離乳時體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(16.8kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(17.4kg) 보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 15週齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(48.85kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(46.0kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (4) 終了時 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(78.3kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(71.6kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (5) 日當 增體量은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(0.589kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(0.537kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (6) 飼料效率은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(2.32)가 鐵分注射 2回區(2.34)보다 낮게 나타났다. (7) 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區의 健康狀態는 正常이었다. 以上의 結果로 生後 3週齡까지의 鐵分注射 1回代替로서 煉炭灰 給與가 可能하고 育成-肥育 前期까지 微量鑛物質 供給源으로 煉炭灰 給與效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 1981年부터 1984年까지 4年間 돼지에 煉炭灰를 급여하였을 때 鐵分注射代用 및 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 效果를 究明하기 위하여 본 대학 부속목장에서 실시한 결과를 綜合的으로 考察해 본 것이다. 대체적으로 姙娠中 암돼지에 煉炭灰給與區와 대조구간에 나타난 仔豚의 生時體重, 21日齡 體重, 56日齡 體重은 有意的인 差異가 없었다. 育成率은 煉炭灰給與區가 優秀하였다. 離乳後 계속 煉炭灰를 給與한 育成豚은 대조구보다 15週齡 체중, 일당증체량 및 사료효율이 유의적으로 높았다. 이상의 결과를 綜合 考察할 때 平素에 煉炭灰를 먹이면 仔豚에 鐵分注射를 아니해도 이상이 없고 育成豚은 微量鑛物質 不足으로 발생하는 여러 가지 疾病이 발생하지 아니하였으므로 煉炭灰를 먹였을 때 돼지의 성장 및 飼料費 節減에 效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 8. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 育成期에 5%, 肥育期에는 10%를 添加하여 飼養試驗하였을 때 (1) 日當 增體量은 試驗區(784.52g)가 對照區(645.24g)보다 높게 나타났다. (2) 飼料攝取量은 試驗區(185.53kg)가 對照區(165.46kg)보다 높게 나타났으며, (3) 飼料效率은 試驗區(2.82)가 對照區(3.05)보다 有意的으로 높게 나타났다. (4) 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 添加 飼養으로서 1kg 增體當 飼料費가 49.45원이 節減되었다. (5) 90kg 到達日齡은 試驗區(155日)가 對照區(169日)보다 14日이 短縮되었다. 9. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 代替水準(0%, 3%, 5%, 10%)別 飼養試驗成績은 (1) 育成期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 C(0%), T1(3%), T2(5%), T3(10%) 水準別로 代替 配合한 飼料로 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 試驗區가 T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g으로 對照區의 618g 보다 높게 나타났으며, ② 1일 飼料攝取量은 T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg의 順으로 魚汁吸着飼料量이 增加함에 따라 증가하였다. ③ 增體量은 T2(38.47kg)>T3(38.20kg)>T1(36.83kg)>對照區(34.59kg)의 順으로 T2區가 가장 높게 나타났고, 飼料要求率도 T2(2.32), T1(2.36), T3(2.37)區의 순으로 좋게 나타났으며 全般的으로 處理區가 對照區(2.49)에 比하여 좋은 성적을 나타내었다. ④ 1kg 增體當 飼料單價는 T2區가 291.24원으로 가장 낮게 나타났고 對照區에 比해 1kg 增體當 24.62원의 節減效果가 나타났다. ⑤ 育成期飼料의 消化率은 對照區의 處理區間에 有意적인 差異가 없었고 貯藏期間에는 成分의 變化없이 安定한 것으로 나타났다. (2) 肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 T3(779.33g)와 T2(752g)에서 對照區(674g) 보다 높았고 (p<0.01) 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡도 試驗區에서 良好한 成績을 나타내었다. ② 肥育飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이나 有意的인 差異는 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的인 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層 두께는 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(386.81원), T1(374.19원), T2(347.79원) 및 T3(33699원)로써 試驗區의 飼料費가 절감되었다. (3) 育成-肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 增體量, 日當增體量, 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡 等에서 對照區에 比하여 FBF를 5%(T2), 10%(T3) 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 良好하게 나타났다 (p>0.01). ② 育成期 및 肥育期飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이었으나 有意性은 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 代替 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層은 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm 보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg當 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(350.77원), T1(336.32원), T2(320.89원), T3區(316.11원)의 순으로써 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加時 飼料費가 節減되었다. 10. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料와 濃縮魚汁을 配合飼料에 各各 10%씩 代替 給與하였을 때 (1) 終了時體重과 日當增體量은 對照區(94.05kg, 678g)에 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 代替區(98.65kg, 752g) 및 濃縮魚汁代替區(95.40kg, 709g)順으로 나타났다. (2) 飼料效率은 對照區에 (3.65) 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着代替區(3.24) 및 濃縮魚汁 代替區(3.40)에서 良好하게 나타났다. (3) 1kg增體當 所要飼料費는 煉炭灰 魚汁代替區(369.33), 濃縮魚汁代替區(388.15), 對照區(413.56)의 順으로 나타났다. (4) 90kg到達日齡은 煉炭灰魚汁 代替區(162.1), 濃縮魚汁 代替區(163.7) 및 對照區(166.9)의 順으로 短縮되었다. 11. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料給與 飼養時의 血液狀은 赤血球, 血色素量, 赤血球容積 및 白血球數는 無處理區에서 높은 편이고, 平均赤血球容積, 平均血球血色素量, 平均赤血球血色素濃度는 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加區에서 약간 높았으나, 白血球 鑑別計劃數를 包含한 이들 血液像은 正常値 範圍內였다. 12. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 給與하였을 때 (1) 日當 飼料攝取量은 對照區 408g 보다 處理區가 418g으로 10g이 더 높았다 (p<0.01). (2) 平均 日當增體量은 對照區 222.94g 보다 處理區가 296.89g이 더 높았다(p<0.01). (3) 飼料效率은 對照區 1.83 보다 處理區가 1.41로 改善되었다. (4) 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 自由採食 시켰을 때 仔豚의 健康狀態의 發育成績은 比較的 良好하였다. 13. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 代替 水準別 配合飼料製造費用은 1kg當 單價로서 育成期 配合飼料는 代替水準 0%가 125.34원, 3%가 125.56원, 5%가 126.03원 및 10%가 125.43원으로 나타났고, 肥育期飼料는 0% 113.31원, 3% 113.52, 5% 113.68, 10% 114.10원으로 나타났다 (煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 1kg當 生産費 100원 基準). 以上의 結果를 보아 廢棄物인 煉炭灰와 廢水處理되는 魚汁을 混合하여 飼料資源化하므로써 飼料費節減, 飼料效率改善, 營養素利用 增進, 環境汚染防止, 公害處理, 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 開發 活用으로써 導入飼料外貨 節減效果와 養畜農家의 所得增大에 이바지할 것으로 生覺된다. In Korea, 500,000M/T of fish soluble and 9,910,000M/T of briquette-ash are yearly produced and discarded as waste materials. A series of experiments was performed to develop fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) in order to utilize the protein, UGF, Ca contained in the abandoned fish soluble and Fe, Zn, and other microminerals in the discarded briquette-ash. From the year 1981 to 1984 the chemical composition of briquette-ash was analyzed and its feeding effects on sucking, growing and fattening pigs were studied. Also the effects of briquette-ash addition for substituting Fe injection in pigs at sucking were examined. After the potential of briquette-ash feed was proved, from the year 1985 to 1989 fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) was made and previously fed from 5 to 10%, subsequently, 3, 5, and 10% of pig ration was substituted by FBF and its effects on sucking pig as substitution for Fe injection, its feeding effects on growing, fattening and growing-fattening pigs, changes during storage, digestibility, economics, backfat thickness and hematological values were examined and gave results as follows. 1. Analysis of proximate composition and mineral contents of briquette and briquette-ash. Briquette-ash contained moisture(0.15%), C·protein (0.52%), C·fat (0%), C·fiber (4.13%), NFE (0%), C·ash (95.35%), Ca (0.807%), P (0.074%), K (0.138%), Na (0.025%), Mg (0.025%), Mg (0.183%), Fe (3,769mg/kg), Mn (98mg/kg), Zn (139mg/kg), Cu (21.0mg/kg). And in the briquette contained NFE (10.96%), C·ash (71.35%), Ca (0.224%), P (0.043%), K (0.158%), Na (0.039%), Mg (0.19%), Fe (7,385mg/kg), Mn (116mg/kg), Zn (306mg/kg), Cu (17.5mg/kg). 2. Analysis of Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF). To study the effects of feeding Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF) in pigs, firstly the chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents of briquette ash absorbed concentrated fish solubles were analyzed. Increasing absorbed rate of concentrated fish soluble to briquette ash, chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents resulted higher. 3. When the briquette-ash was fed ad libitum to sucking and growing-fattening pigs as micromineral supplements; (1) Body weight gain was little higher in the briquette-ash supplied group than control(p>0.05). (2) In the growing-fattening pig, feed efficiency was better in the control group (4.71) than the briquette-ash supplied group (4.84). (3) In the weaning pig the feed efficiency was 3.0 and suplemental effects of briquette-ash were outstanding in atrophic pigs. (4) Making economical analysis by term of feed cost per kg weight gain, in the briquette-ash supplemented group, the feed cost was increased to 852 won where it was 829 won in the control group. (5) In the weaning pig group, 528 won was used per kg weight gain. (6) The palatability of briquette-ash was good and healty conditions were normal, too. 4. When the briquette-ash was supplemented in 3%(T1), 5%(T2) and 10%(T3) to the sucking, weaning and growing pigs; (1) When the briquette-ash was fed as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs, the growing state and health conditions were good enough. (2) Body weight gain was best when 3% of briquette-ash was supplemented(p>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in feed efficiency(p>0.05). (4) Feed costs required per kg weight gain for T1, T2 and T3 were 636.40, 672.52 and 684.56 won respectively. (5) Hematological values of treatment group were in normal range. 5. Effects of briquette-ash addition as substitution for Fe injection when breeding and sucking pigs are fed with briquette-ash. (1) The pig of this college (5.27kg) had slightly heavier average weight at the age fo 3 wks. than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station(5.00kg). (2) The purebred (8.3pigs. 88.3%) had higher litter size and survival rate at weaning than the pig of this college. (3) The pig of this college (17.8kg) had slightly heavier average weight at weaning than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station (17.4kg). (4) In the group equal to farrowing season and litter size at sucking, there were nonsignificant defferences for the reproductive traits between briquette-ash addition and Fe injection group. (5) When fed liberally, briquette-ash as the substitute for Fe injection in sucking pig, there is relatively superior tendency to the growth and health conditions in pigs. 6. When the Fe injection was reduced to once and briquette-ash was supplied liberally; (1) Pig weight at 21 days was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice. (2) Pig weight at weaning(16.8kg) was lower in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice (17.4kg). (3) Pig weight at 15 wks. was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injecte Fe once (48.85kg) than in those injected Fe twice (46.0kg). (4) Final body weight was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (78.3kg) than in those injected Fe twice (71.6kg). (5) Feed efficiency was better in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (2.32) than in those injected Fe twice (2.34) (6) The health conditions of the pigs feeding briquette-ash injected Fe once were normal. (7) The results obtainced in this study suggest that briquette-ash feeding can substitute Fe injection effectively supplementing sufficient microminerals from growing to fattening. 7. The results of feeding briquette-ash to pigs during 4 years from 1981 to 1984 in substitution for Fe injection and as micromineral supplements are reviewed. Generally, when sows are fed briquette-ash ad libitum, there were no significant differences in birth weight, weight at 21 days and weight at 56 days. The survival rate was better in the briquette-ash supplemented group. However when the briquette-ash was supplied continuously after weaning, there were significant differences in weight at 15 days, weight gain and feed efficiency. In conclusion, it might be suggested that the pigs farrowed from sows fed ad libitum briquette-ash could grow without Fe injection and when fed briquette-ash ad libitum, it can prevent micromineral deficiency and gain body weight more rapidly. 8. When FBF was added by 5% in the growing pig ration and 10% in the fattening pig ration; (1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (784.52g) than the control group (645.24g). (2) Feed intake was higher in the treatment group (185.53kg) than the control group (165.46kg). (3) Feed efficiency was significantly higher in the treatment group (2.82) than the control group (3.05). (4) Adding FBF in ration, 49.45 won was saved per kg body weight gain. (5) Ages at 90kg were shortened by 14 days in the treatment group (155d) than the control group (169d). 9. Effects of levels 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2), and 10%(T3) of substitution of FBF (1) Growing period 1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g) than the control group (618g). 2) Daily feed intake was in order of T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg. it increased according to the level of fish soluble. 3) Body weight gain was in order of T2:38.47kg>T3:38.20kg>T1:36.83kg>C:34.59kg. Feed efficiency was in order of T2:2.32>T3:2.37>T1:2.36>C:2.49. Generally the treatment group was better than the control group. 4) Feed cost per kg weight gain was lowest in T2(291.24won) and it saved 24.62won per kg weight gain compared to the control group. 5) There was no significant difference in the digestibility of growing diets and it was stable during the storage period. (2) Fattening period 1) Daily weight gain was higher in T3 (779.33g) and T2 (752.0g) than control (674.0g) significantly (p<0.01). Feed efficiency and ages at 90kg were also better in the treatment group. 2) Digestibility was improved in the treatment group by not signivicantly. 3) Until the 7th day of storaging period, the chemical composition of FBF added ration decreased but it did not show any change until the 27th day. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p>0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p>0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 386.81 won in control, 374.91won in T1, 347.79 in T2 and 336.99won in T3. As result feed costs were saved adding FBF in the ration. (3) Growing-fattening period 1) Weight gain, feed efficiency and ages at 9kg were significantly higher in FBF added T2(5%) and T3(10%) group. 2) Digestibility of growing and fattening diet was improved in the treatment group but not significantly. 3) The chemical composition of FBF added ration decreassed slightly till the day 7 of storaging period. But after 7th day it did not show and change untill the dat 27. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p<0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 350.71won in control, 336.32 won in T1, 320.89won in T2 and 316.11won in T3. As result feed costs were saved when FBF was added in the ration. 10. When the ration was substituted by FBF and fish soluble by 10% respectively; (1) Final weight and daily weight gain were 94.05kg, 678g in control group whereas 98.65kg, 752g in FBF substituted ration and 95.40kg, 709g in fish soluble substituted ration. (2) Feed efficiency was 3.65 in control group whereas 3.24 in FBF substituted ration and 3.40 in fish soluble substituted ration giving better resuluts. (3) Feed cost required per kg weight gain was in order of FBF substituted ration (369.33 won), fish soluble substituted ration(388.15 won) and control group (413.56 won). (4) Ages at 90kg were in order of FBF substituted ration (162.1), fish soluble substituted ration (163.7) and control group (166.9). 11. Hematological values of FBF fed pigs RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC were higher in the non-treated group, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were a little higher in the treated group. And all the above hematological values including differential count were within the normal range. 12. Effects of FBF addition as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs. (1) Daily feed consumption was larger by 10g in the treatment group (418g) than in the control group(408g). (2) Average daily weight gain was larger by 73.95g in the treatment group (296.98g) than in the control group (222.94g). (3) Feed efficiency was higher in the treatment group (1.41) than in the control group (1.83). (4) When the sucking pigs were fed liberally FBF as the substitute for Fe injection, there was relatively superior tendency to their growth and health conditions. 13. Production cost of FBF per kg (when the production cost of 1kg of FBF is fixed as 100 won) (1) Growing 0% ; 125.34 won, 3% ; 125.56 won, 5% ; 126.03 won and 10% ; 125.43 won (2) Fattening 0% ; 113.31 won, 3% ; 113.52 won, 5% ; 113.68 won and 10% ; 114.10 won As conclusion, making FBF with the abandoned briquette-ash and fish soluble results in lowering feed cost, increasing feed efficiency, increasing nutrient availability, decreasing pollution, saving the foreign currency used to import feed ingredients and increasing farmers income.

통조림의 初溫 및 冷却이 殺菌에 미치는 影響

姜君中,崔相道,李乙熙,閔永鳳,金泰圭,金炯甲,朱玉守 진주산업대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

살균전 통조림 내용물의 온도와 냉각처리 유무가 통조림의 살균에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 살균시간을 최소화하고 레토르트안과 통조림냉점의 두 곳에서 온도를 감지하여 치사율의 적산치를 계속적으로 이행할 수 있는 컴퓨터시스템을 이용하였다. 8% 벤토나이트 분산액을 301-5호관에 채우고 반복 실험을 통해서 내용물의 초온의 차이와 냉각수의 처리 유무 공히 살균시간에 뚜렷한 영향을 미쳤다. The effect of initial can temperatures and water cooling treatment on the cans for thermal sterilization was described. The accumulated lethal rate method based on microcomputer-based electronic system has introduced in this experiments to minimize the process time and provide precise temperature measurements at 2 points with continuous calculation of the lethal rate. According to a series of experiments which were performed by using 301-5 cans of 8% bentonite suspension, there was significant effect in accumulated lethal rate initiated in different temperatures and treated water cooling treatment.

Apocynin abrogates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity: role of TLR4/NF-κB-p65/p38-MAPK, IL-6/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, and SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling pathways

Emad H. M. Hassanein,Ahmed M. Sayed,Omnia A. M. Abd El-Ghafar,Zainab M. M. Omar,Eman K. Rashwan,Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh,So Young Kyung,Jae Hyeon Park,Hyung Sik Kim,Fares E. M. Ali 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.4

The present study was designed to evaluate the potential renoprotective impacts of apocynin (APC) against nephrotoxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX) administration. To fulfill this aim, rats were allocated into four groups: control; APC (100 mg/kg/day; orally); MTX (20 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal dose at the end of the 5th day of the experiment); and APC +MTX (APC was given orally for 5 days before and 5 days after induction of renal toxicity by MTX). On the 11th day, samples were collected to estimate kidney function biomarkers, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other molecular targets. Compared to the MTX control group, treatment with APC significantly decreased urea, creatinine, and KIM-1 levels and improved kidney histological alterations. Furthermore, APC restored oxidant/antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a remarkable alleviation of MDA, GSH, SOD, and MPO levels. Additionally, the iNOS, NO, p-NF-κB-p65, Ace-NF-κB-p65, TLR4, p-p38-MAPK, p-JAK1, and p-STAT-3 expressions were reduced, while the IκBα, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, and FOXO3 expressions were significantly increased. In NRK-52E cells, MTX-induced cytotoxicity was protected by APC in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, increased expression of p-STAT-3 and p-JAK1/2 levels were reduced in MTX-treated NRK-52E cells by APC. The in vitro experiments revealed that APC-protected MTX-mediated renal tubular epithelial cells were damaged by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Besides, our in vivo and in vitro results were confirmed by predicting computational pharmacology results using molecular docking and network pharmacology analysis. In conclusion, our findings proved that APC could be a good candidate for MTX-induced renal damage due to its strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities.

딥 러닝을 이용한 CBCT 영상에서 상악동과 병변 자동 분할 방법

김다엘(Da-El Kim),유연선(Yeon-Sun Yoo),양수(Su Yang),김진(Jin Kim),강세룡(Se-Ryong Kang),천소영(So-Young Chun),유지용(Ji-Yong Yoo),최민혁(Min-Hyuck Choi),노시연(Siyeon Noh),김세훈(Sehum Kim),이원진(Won-Jin Yi) 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.4

Nanotherapeutics of PTEN Inhibitor with Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Effective for Axonal Outgrowth of Adult Neurons

Kim, Min Soo,El-Fiqi, Ahmed,Kim, Jong-Wan,Ahn, Hong-Sun,Kim, Hyukmin,Son, Young-Jin,Kim, Hae-Won,Hyun, Jung Keun American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.29

<P>Development of therapeutic strategies such as effective drug delivery is an urgent and yet unmet need for repair of damaged nervous systems. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) regulates axonal regrowth of central and peripheral nervous systems; its inhibition, meanwhile, facilitates axonal outgrowth of injured neurons. Here we show that nanotherapeutics based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles loading PTEN-inhibitor bisperoxovanadium (BpV) are effective for delivery of drug molecules and consequent improvement of axonal outgrowth. Mesoporous nanocarriers loaded BpV drug at large amount (27 mu g per 1 mg of carrier), and released sustainably over 10 d. Nanocarrier-BpV treatment of primary neurons from the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of rats and mice at various concentrations induced them to actively take up the nanocomplexes with an uptake efficiency as high as 85%. The nanocomplex-administered neurons exhibited significantly enhanced axonal outgrowth compared with those treated with free-BpV drug. The expression of a series of proteins involved in PTEN inhibition and downstream signaling was substantially up-/down-regulated by the nanocarrier-BpV system. Injection of the nanocarriers into neural tissues (DRG, brain cortex, and spinal cord), moreover, demonstrated successful integration into neurons, glial cells, oligodendrocytes, and macrophages, suggesting the possible nanotherapeutics applications in vivo. Together, PTEN-inhibitor delivery via mesoporous nanocarriers can be considered a promising strategy for stimulating axonal regeneration in central and peripheral nervous systems.</P>

Odontogenic stimulation of human dental pulp cells with bioactive nanocomposite fiber

Kim, Ga-Hyun,Park, Yong-Duk,Lee, So-Youn,El-Fiqi, Ahmed,Kim, Jung-Ju,Lee, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hae-Won,Kim, Eun-Cheol SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of biomaterials applications Vol.29 No.6

<P>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a composite nanofibrous matrix made of biopolymer blend polycaprolactone-gelatin (BP) and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). BGN-BP nanomatrices, with BGN content of up to 20 wt%, were produced via electrospinning. The differentiation of the HDPCs was evaluated by using an ALP activity assay, calcified nodule formation, and mRNA expression for markers. Integrin and its underlying signal pathways were assessed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Although cell growth and attachment on the BGN-BP nanomatrix was similar to that on BP, ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and mRNA, expressions involving ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein-1 were greater on BGN-BP. BGN-BP upregulated the key adhesion receptors (integrin components α1, α2, α5, and β1) and activated integrin downstream pathways, such as phosphorylated-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), and p-paxillin. In addition, BGN-BP activated BMP receptors, BMP-2 mRNA, and p-Smad 1/5/8, and such activation was blocked by the BMP antagonist, noggin. Furthermore, BGN-BP induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein kinase 38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases and activated expression of the transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix in HDPCs. Collectively, the results indicated for the first time that a BGN-BP composite nanomatrix promoted odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs through the integrin, BMP, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Moreover, the nanomatrix is considered to be promising scaffolds for the culture of HDPCs and dental tissue engineering.</P>