Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and Internet addiction

Choi, Sam-Wook,Kim, Dai-Jin,Choi, Jung-Seok,Ahn, Heejune,Choi, Eun-Jeung,Song, Won-Young,Kim, Seohee,Youn, Hyunchul Akadémiai Kiadó 2015 JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS Vol.4 No.4

<P><B>Background and Aims</B></P><P>Smartphone addiction is a recent concern that has resulted from the dramatic increase in worldwide smartphone use. This study assessed the risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction in college students and compared these factors to those linked to Internet addiction.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>College students (<I>N</I> = 448) in South Korea completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory I, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait Version), the Character Strengths Test, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The risk factors for smartphone addiction were female gender, Internet use, alcohol use, and anxiety, while the protective factors were depression and temperance. In contrast, the risk factors for Internet addiction were male gender, smartphone use, anxiety, and wisdom/knowledge, while the protective factor was courage.</P><P><B>Discussion</B></P><P>These differences may result from unique features of smartphones, such as high availability and primary use as a tool for interpersonal relationships.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings will aid clinicians in distinguishing between predictive factors for smartphone and Internet addiction and can consequently be utilized in the prevention and treatment of smartphone addiction.</P>

띠간 자기광학 전이에서 두 다체 사영방법의 비교

최상돈,김영미,이연주,석적영,조상규 慶北大擧校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 2000 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.24 No.-

If we apply a circularly polarized light to semiconductors, in the external static magnetic field, then the electrons absorb the light at the resonance frequency, resulting in the interband-transition from valence band to conduction band. The linewidth is affected by various mechanisms. Here we will compare the isolated operator method and the single operator method.

광 교환 기술을 이용한 ATM 백본 네트워크

최영복,김경연,고성택,김경식 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.8 No.2

The B-ISDN(Broadband-Integrated Service Digital Network) transports various multimedia information effectively. So optical switching networks which consist of optical transmission links and photonic switching systems are noticeable as a way of a large capacity communication. In this paper. we propose optical packet switching networks which will be used as the backbone network of national high speed communication networks which are operated a way of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). The B-ISDN transport networks are composed of two-layered networks such as regional networks and a backbone network. The regional network is a n average ATM transport network. The optical backbone network gathers fixed length of several AThI cells which come from regional networks. attaches an optical header. and completes an optical packet, And then the network switches and transports with high speed. That is. the backbone network is a transparent optical packet network. The passing speed of signal in the photonic switch is rapid, but the switching speed is limited and the processing speed of the switching controller which consists of electronic circuit is limited. So the optical packet which consists of multi-ATM cells is able to overcome it in the optical backbone network. The performance evaluation by the computer simulation shows us the efficiency of the proposed way of optical packet switching.

결합 사영 방법에 의한 전기전도형식의 도출

최상돈,석정영,이연주 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1995 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

Utilizing the combined projection technique, we derive the conductivity tensor for a many electron system in solids. We find that the current is given in a time-correlation function in the quasi-adiabatic approximation

돼지 신장세포(PK15)의 이종이식 거부반응에 대한 재조합 IL-18의 영향

최연실,김은미,김영관,박상연,심정현,윤도영,강형식,명평근 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8

Various cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-r, and TNF-α have been recently reported to play important roles in both host and donor cell activations during xenotransplantation. Interleukin (IL)-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, can induce IL-4 and IL-13 production in T cells, NK cells, B cells, mast cells, and basophils. IL-18 has the capacity to stimulate innate immunity and both Th1-and Th2- mediated responses, but little is known to involve in the xenograft rejection. In order to investigate the role of IL-18 in xenograft rejection, we transplanted the pig kidney (PK15) cells to C57BL/6 mouse with or without intraperitoneal injection of mouse recombinatant IL-18, It was analyzed the population of T cell, B cell and NK cell in the mice transplanted with PK 15 cells and recombinant IL-18 by flow cytometry. We found that splenic CD3+ T cells were increased in mice injected PKl5 cells with recombinant IL-18. These results suggest that recombinant IL-18 is critical in the xenograft rejection by increasing T cell population of the recipients.

월출산국립공원 수질특성에 관한 연구

최형일,김난희,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Because mountain streams have narrow widths and steep slopes compared to streams and lakes, hours of immobility are considerably short, and the quality of mountain streams has been greatly influenced by rainfall, land-use, components of the streambed and types of forests. During the summer when heavy rainfall occurs, eroded earth and sand flow into mountain streams and cause temporarily high turbidity. It is also the cause of eutrophication, which is frequently found in downstream. As evaluation standards for the quality of mountain streams were not established in Korea, this quality was evaluated by examining some items based on quality standards for drinkable water and research on the influences of pollution in mountain streams, which showed that these were seldom in downstream water systems. Mountain streams within Wolchulsan National Park flow into a reservoir and when characteristics of mountain streams from forests and rainfall that flow into mountain streams through forest ecosystems were studied, results of measuring its changes are as follows. Monthly changes of pH were low between April and August and higher starting October, and the EC was measured higher in the winter and the spring and tended to be low starting April. The EC on the 19th of May and the 23rd of October and the concentration of floating materials and COD_(Mn) were observed to be higher due to the influence of rainfall on the 19th of May and the 22nd of October, and it was judged that the washing out of dried deposits attached to the water pipe and the leaching of woods were influenced by rainfall. It is considered that real-time monitoring of water quality for a long time and water quality conditions during and after rainfall should be examined for ensuring basic data of water quality and evaluating characteristics and seasonableness of mountain streams, which may be greatly changed by artificial influence in the future.

2,4-D 處理가 'Harcot' 살구와 '美白' 복숭아의 果實 成熟과 品質에 미치는 影響

윤철구,김영호,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Effect of 2,4- D application on the fruit maturity and quality of 'Harcot' apricot and 'Mibaek' peach was examined. Leaf area of 'Harcot' apricot was not affected by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' peach was increased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D. Application of 2,4-D at 35mgㆍL-1 increased the fruit weight of both species, and that of 'Harcot' was doubled. Soluble solids content of 'Harcot' was decreased by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' was not affected. Fruit maturity of 'Harcot' and 'Mibaek' was enhanced for respective 4 and 1 day by 2,4-D application. Percent fruit cracking of 'Harcot' apricot was decreased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D.

태양광 발전시스템의 최대전력추적을 위한 DC/DC 컨버터 제어

최연옥,서진연,장용해,정삼용,조금배 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2

Solar energy converters were used to convert the electrical energy from the solar arrays to a stable and reliable power source. The object of this paper is to analyze and design DC/DC converters of different types in a solar energy system in order to investigate the performance of the converters. A simple method which combines a discrete time control and a PI compensator is used to track the maximum power point of the solar array. The system is kept to operate close to MPPT's thus the maximum possible power transfer from the solar array is achieved. Experimental tests were carried out for buck, boost and buck-boost converters using a simple maximum power point tracking algorithm.

진정요법사용에 관한 설문조사

최영심,심연수 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

치과에서 행해지는 진정요법이 안전하게 수행되기 위해서는 환자에 대한 모니터가 필수적이다. 우리나라에서 소아치과의사에 의해 이루어지는 진정요법에 관해 알아보고자 대한소아치과학회 회원 245명을 대상으로 1998 10월 1일부터 1998년 12월 20일까지 진정요법의 사용여부 및 사용하는 진정요법의 빈도, 방법, 사용하는 약물, 용량 결정, 모니터 여부, 응급장비 등에 관한 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 설문지 응답자의 29%에서 진정요법을 이용하여 치료를 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 설문지 응답자의 71%에서는 진정요법을 하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 진정요법을 사용하는 사람 중 61%에서만 진정요법 치료시 모니터를 사용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 진정요법을 사용하는 사람의 39%에서는 진정요법 치료시 모니터를 사용하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 가장 흔하게 사용되는 진정요법은 아산화질소-산소를 이용한 흡입진정요법이었다. 그 외에 경구 투여시 가장 흔하게 사용되는 약물은 chloral hydrate였다. 4. 진정요법을 사용하는 사람의 28%에서만 동의서를 작성하는 것으로 조사되었다. 5. 진정요법을 이용하여 치료를 한다고 응답한 사람의 60%에서만 응급장비를 구비하고 있으며, 응답자의 91%에서 응급처치에 관한 교육이 필요하다고 응답하였다. Monitoring of patients is essential in assuring the safety of sedation in the dental office. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization and preferences of sedation ,untilization of monitoring methods, and the preparation for emergencies during sedation. Members of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry were surveyed(n=245) from 1998. 10. 1 to 1998. 12. 20 to establish current trends in the use of sedation practices and monitoring methods in Korea. Findings of the survey include: 1. Twenty nine percent of pediatric dentists use sedative agents in their practices. Seventy one percent of pediatric dentists do not use any sedative agents in their practices 2. Thirty nine percent of pediatric dentists who use sedative agents do so without monitoring devices 3. Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation was the most frequently utilized sedation method by pediatric dentists and chloral hydrate was the most frequently utilized sedative by pediatric dentists. Pulse oximeter was the frequently utilized method during sedation in dental office. 4. Only twenty eight percent of pediatric dentists obtain the informed consent of the child's legal guardian. 5. Only sixty percent of pediatric dentists prepare for emergencies during sedation.

말기환자 관리에 대한 의사들의 태도

최윤선,김장욱,신승욱,이영미,이태호,홍명호 가톨릭대학교 가톨릭대학교 간호대학 호스피스 교육연구소 1998 호스피스논집 Vol.3 No.-

Background : Nowadays, it is possible to prolong the life. And to improve the quality of life of the dying patients, they need to receive not only the physical, pscychological, social and spiritual care but also comprehensive and continuous care. Also, doctors have to consider many ethical issues especially in the dying patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the doctors' attitude of those ethical issues and emphasize the importance of hospice. Methods : During September 1996, doctors who worked for a university hospital participated in this study by responding to the pre-made questionnaire. It dealt with the most suffering pain, the preferred death place, the use of life maintaining equipments, the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) to terminal patients and the doctors' experience and attitude euthanasia. Results : ① The most suffering symptom in dying patients was pain(60.0%). ② The death place was recommended by doctors was home(58.8%) and hospital (15.4%) in order. ③ 56.9% of doctors answered 'the life maintaining equipments isn't needed', 29.2% of doctors answered' according to the case', and 'needed' was 12.3%. ④ The application of CPR to the terminal patients, without the DNR chart, the only 15.4% of doctors answered "Do not CPR." But with the DNR chart, the percents of 'Do not CPR' was increased to 69.2%. The resident group did more CPR than specialist group(p<0.01). ⑤ The 50.8% of doctors agreed with the passive euthanasia. Conclusions : Many doctors follow the family member's opinion in the ethical issues of the dying patients. Euthanasia is forbidden by the law in Korea, but many doctors agree with the passive euthanasia. Hospice can solve the debating ethical issues including the euthanasia.