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Language Barriers and Asian American Students in The Woman Warrior
( Chaeyoon Park ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2021 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.29 No.2
Overcoming language barriers and unfavorable learning experiences appear in Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), Marvel Studio’s first Asian superhero film, as well as in novels and essays by Asian American writers. The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts (1976), one of the most influential works of Chinese American fiction, is frequently taught and read as delineating the narrator’s discovery of her voice through acceptance of her mother’s conservative “talk-stories” and her Chinese heritage. Attributing the narrator’s silence as symptomatic of “being a Chinese girl,” however, does not account for how her communication skills sporadically deteriorate and how several bicultural women’s voices become inaudible at school and after graduation (166). This paper demonstrates that Maxine Hong Kingston’s novel questions conventional associations between learning English and becoming American through comparisons with the essays about adapting to new environments after immigrating from China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam: Binh Ha Hong’s “Reflections on Becoming American” (1999), Jubilee Lau’s “Chinese and Proud of It” (1996), and Amy Tan’s “Mother Tongue” (1990). Whereas these essays extol the American-educated daughters’ adjustments through allusions to their parents’ lack of English skills and its impact on the family’s socio-economic status, the frustrating experiences of students, parents, teachers in The Woman Warrior reveal that language barriers at elementary schools cause unresolved communication problems for multiple Chinese Americans.
Memory and Loss in Friel’s “Self-Portrait” and Dancing at Lughnasa
( Chaeyoon Park ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2020 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.28 No.2
This article strives to bring critical attention to the relationships between memory, memory loss, and imminent adversity in Brian Friel’s Dancing at Lughnasa (1990) through examinations of often-overlooked scenes and “Self-Portrait” (1972). This work of prose that predates the play by eighteen years portrays memory as a contradictory “fact” and “fiction” and conveys a disinclination to write “a play ‘about the trouble[s] in the North’” (39, 46). By examining Maggie’s demonstration of sensory experiences that are “all in your mind” and Chris’s collaborative and subjective recollections, this essay departs from existing studies that generally focus on Michael’s recollections or Father Jack’s memory loss (15). What Michael, Father Jack, Chris, and Maggie remembers or forgets highlights their anguish and isolation. The retroactive interference account of forgetting provides insight into whether learning the language and culture of Africa prevents the former missionary priest from recalling information related to his old life in Ireland; his memory loss, in turn, presents novel interpretations on the role of memory and its relationship with revelations on imminent losses caused by poverty, unemployment, and mechanization.
Desire, Disguise, and Disguised Desires in William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night
Chaeyoon Park(박채윤) 한국셰익스피어학회 2019 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.55 No.4
This paper explores the relationship between desire and gender in William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night (1601-1602) through an analysis of the complex desires that Viola’s disguise activates. The treatment of disguise on the early modern stage contrasts with records from the Court of Aldermen and from the Court at Bridewell Hospital that equate cross-dressing with illicit sexuality. Whereas previous studies on Twelfth Night generally discuss gender in terms of binaries and subversions or see the play as disciplining Countess Olivia and Malvolio for being transgressive, this paper will examine how Viola’s disguise as Cesario obscures conventional boundaries of gender. The mockery of Malvolio’s aspirations to wed Olivia to acquire wealth and status through her exemplifies suppressing class mobility, especially one that involves women of higher status. By comparison, Twelfth Night portrays Olivia and Viola as desiring subjects, yet their desires are not exclusively heterosexual in light of Viola’s disguise and the early modern playhouses’ use of male actors.
Cho, Chaeyoon,Kim, Sang-Woo,Rupakheti, Maheswar,Park, Jin-Soo,Panday, Arnico,Yoon, Soon-Chang,Kim, Ji-Hyoung,Kim, Hyunjae,Jeon, Haeun,Sung, Minyoung,Kim, Bong Mann,Hong, Seungkyu K.,Park, Rokjin J.,Ru Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.20
<P>Abstract. Particulate air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley has reached severe levels that are mainly due to uncontrolled emissions and the location of the urban area in a bowl-shaped basin with associated local wind circulations. The AERONET measurements from December 2012 to August 2014 revealed a mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) of approximately 0.30 at 675 nm during winter, which is similar to that of the post-monsoon but half of that of the pre-monsoon AOD (0.63). The distinct seasonal variations are closely related to regional-scale monsoon circulations over South Asia and emissions in the Kathmandu Valley. During the SusKat-ABC campaign (December 2012-February 2013), a noticeable increase in both aerosol scattering (σs; 313 → 577 Mm−1 at 550 nm) and absorption (σa; 98 → 145 Mm−1 at 520 nm) coefficients occurred before and after 4 January 2013. This can be attributed to the increase in wood-burned fires due to a temperature drop and the start of firing at nearby brick kilns. The σs value in the Kathmandu Valley was a factor of 0.5 lower than that in polluted cities in India. The σa value in the Kathmandu Valley was approximately 2 times higher than that at severely polluted urban sites in India. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of 2.6 m2 g−1 from PM10 measurements in the Kathmandu Valley is similar to that reported in urban areas. However, the aerosol mass absorption efficiency was determined to be 11 m2 g−1 from PM10 measurements, which is higher than that reported in the literature for pure soot particles (7.5 ± 1.2 m2 g−1). This might be due to the fact that most of the carbonaceous aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley were thought to be mostly externally mixed with other aerosols under dry conditions due to a short travel time from their sources. The σs and σa values and the equivalent black carbon (EBC) mass concentration reached up to 757 Mm−1, 224 Mm−1, and 29 µg m−3 at 08:00 LST (local standard time), respectively but decreased dramatically during the daytime (09:00-18:00 LST), to one-quarter of the morning average (06:00-09:00 LST) due to the development of valley winds and an atmospheric bounder layer. The σs and σa values and the EBC concentration remained almost constant during the night at the levels of 410 Mm−1, 130 Mm−1, and 17 µg m−3, respectively. The average aerosol direct radiative forcings over the intensive measurement period were estimated to be −6.9 ± 1.4 W m−2 (top of the atmosphere) and −20.8 ± 4.6 W m−2 (surface). Therefore, the high atmospheric forcing (i.e., 13.9 ± 3.6 W m−2) and forcing efficiency (74.8 ± 24.2 W m−2 τ−1) can be attributed to the high portion of light-absorbing aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, as indicated by the high black carbon (or elemental carbon) to sulphate ratio (1.5 ± 1.1). </P>
Establishment of Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Chaeyoon HA,Minjung CHOI,Se-ho PARK 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
SARS-CoV-2 is infected through the interaction between the spike protein of the virus and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the receptor molecule of the host cell. Thus, most therapeutic antibodies have been developed to prevent the interaction between these two molecules. Despite the continuous development of therapeutic antibodies, there are only a few antibodies that effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we developed spike protein-specific antibodies to make effective SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic antibodies. We selected several hybridomas which are specific for Spike S1 protein. Then, potential clones were chosen by comparing S1 protein-specific affinity levels between selected hybridomas. To confirm whether these clones work as neutralizing antibodies, we tested the blocking effect by using SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus to infect hACE2 expressing cells. As a result, total of 7 potent anti-S1 antibodies were obtained. Consequently, we expect these 7 clones to serve as therapeutic antibodies. To find whether it can inhibit infection in response to authentic SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo experiments are planned as further experiments.