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Son, Byung Ho,Ahn, Sei Hyun,Kim, Sung-Won,Kang, Eunyoung,Park, Sue K.,Lee, Min Hyuk,Noh, Woo-Chul,Kim, Lee Su,Jung, Yongsik,Kim, Ku Sang,Noh, Dong-Young,Moon, Byung-In,Suh, Young Jin,Lee, Jeong Eon,Ch Springer US 2012 Breast cancer research and treatment Vol.133 No.3
<P>Prevalence and phenotype of <I>BRCA</I> mutation can vary by race. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of <I>BRCA1/2</I> mutations in non-familial breast cancer patients with high risks in Korea. A subset of 758 patients was selected for this study from the KOHBRA nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study. Mutations in <I>BRCA1/2</I> genes were tested using fluorescent-conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography or direct sequencing. Mutation of <I>BRCA1/2</I> genes were identified in 65 (8.6%) patients among total 758 patients [<I>BRCA1</I> mutation: 25 (3.3%), <I>BRCA2</I> mutation: 40 (5.3%)]. According to risk groups, mutation of <I>BRCA1/2</I> genes were identified in 53 (8.5%) of 625 early onset patients (age ≤40), in 22 (17.7%) of 124 bilateral breast cancer patients, in 3 (50.0%) of 6 breast and ovarian cancer patients, in one (5.9%) of 17 male breast cancer patients, in 5 cases (7.6%) of 66 multiple organ cancer patients. The most common mutation was 509C>A for <I>BRCA1</I> and 7708C>T for <I>BRCA2</I>. The prevalence of <I>BRCA1/2</I> mutations by age in early onset patients was significantly different (age <35 vs age ≥35; 10.0 vs 2.9%, <I>p</I> = 0.0007). <I>BRCA1/2</I> mutations for non-familial Korean breast cancer patients were detected at a high rate, particularly, in patients with early onset of less than 35 years of age, bilateral breast cancer, and breast and ovarian cancer. Individualized genetic counseling should be offered for non-familial breast cancer patients with these risk factors.</P>
Kim, Byung Hyo,Lee, Nohyun,Kim, Hyoungsu,An, Kwangjin,Park, Yong Il,Choi, Yoonseok,Shin, Kwangsoo,Lee, Youjin,Kwon, Soon Gu,Na, Hyon Bin,Park, Je-Geun,Ahn, Tae-Young,Kim, Young-Woon,Moon, Woo Kyung,Ch American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.32
<P>Uniform and extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles (ESIONs) of < 4 nm were synthesized via the thermal decomposition of iron–oleate complex in the presence of oleyl alcohol. Oleyl alcohol lowered the reaction temperature by reducing iron–oleate complex, resulting in the production of small-sized nanoparticles. XRD pattern of 3 nm-sized nanoparticles revealed maghemite crystal structure. These nanoparticles exhibited very low magnetization derived from the spin-canting effect. The hydrophobic nanoparticles can be easily transformed to water-dispersible and biocompatible nanoparticles by capping with the poly(ethylene glycol)-derivatized phosphine oxide (PO-PEG) ligands. Toxic response was not observed with Fe concentration up to 100 μg/mL in MTT cell proliferation assay of POPEG-capped 3 nm-sized iron oxide nanoparticles. The 3 nm-sized nanoparticles exhibited a high <I>r</I><SUB>1</SUB> relaxivity of 4.78 mM<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP> and low <I>r</I><SUB>2</SUB>/<I>r</I><SUB>1</SUB> ratio of 6.12, demonstrating that ESIONs can be efficient <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB> contrast agents. The high <I>r</I><SUB>1</SUB> relaxivities of ESIONs can be attributed to the large number of surface Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions with 5 unpaired valence electrons. In the in vivo<I> T</I><SUB>1</SUB>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ESIONs showed longer circulation time than the clinically used gadolinium complex-based contrast agent, enabling high-resolution imaging. High-resolution blood pool MR imaging using ESIONs enabled clear observation of various blood vessels with sizes down to 0.2 mm. These results demonstrate the potential of ESIONs as <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB> MRI contrast agents in clinical settings.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2011/jacsat.2011.133.issue-32/ja203340u/production/images/medium/ja-2011-03340u_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja203340u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja203340u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Cho Byung Tae,Ryu, Mi Hae,Chun Yu Sung,Dauelsberg Ch.,Wallbaum Sabine,Martens Jurgen Korean Chemical Society 1994 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.15 No.1
A comparison study on asymmetric borane reduction of ketoxime ethers and N-substituted ketimines possesing C = N double bond mediated by the selected chiral oxazaborolidines (1-6) was investigated. Thus, an aromatic ketoxime O-alkyl ether acetophenone oxime O-methyl ether was reduced to the corresponding amine (1-phenylethylamine 8a) with optical yields, such as 58% ee with 1, 86% ee with 2, 3% ee with 3, 99% ee with 4, 60% ee with 5, and 73% ee with 6. However, the reduction of an aliphatic ketoxime derivative 2-heptanone oxime O-methyl ether provided low optical inductions (7-13% ee). For ketoxime O-trimethylsilyl ethers, the reduction of acetophenone O-trimethylsilyl ether afforded 8a with optical yields which were 90% ee with 1, 40% ee with 2, 2% ee with 3, 62% ee with 4, 5% ee with 5, and 60% ee with 6. The reduction of 2-heptanone O-trimethylsilyl ether also gave the product amine with low optical yields (10-40% ee). In the case of N-substituted ketimines, the reduction of acetophenone N-phenylimine afforded the corresponding amine with 79% ee, 78% ee, 9% ee, 73% ee, 78% ee and 67% ee using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, whereas low optical inductions (5-18% ee) for 2-heptanone N-phenylimine were achieved.
Park, Jin-Seu,Lee, Byung-Ryong,Jin, Li Hua,Kim, Choong-Kwon,Choi, Kyung-Soon,Bahn, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Kil-Soo,Kwon, Hyeok-Yil,Chang, Hyun-Woo,Baek, Nam-In,Lee, Hwang-Eunjoo,Kang, Jung-Hoon,Cho, Sung-Woo,Ch Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2001 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.34 No.2
Antioxidant enzymes, scavengers of the reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI), are involved in numerous defense systems in cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the hot-water extracts of two medicinally potent mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus) on the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in vitro and in vivo. The mushroom extracts stimulated the catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, whereas the other antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were unaffected by the extracts. The catalytic activity of catalase in the liver and brain was significantly increased after the oral treatment of the mushroom extracts (2.5 g/kg) to ICR mice for 2 months. Western blot analysis of the liver and brain tissues revealed that the expression level of catalase in the mice, treated with both mushroom extracts, was significantly increased compared to that of the control mice. However, the level of the SOD expression in the mice treated with the natural product extracts was unchanged under the same experimental conditions. Although the mechanisms for the stimulatory effect of the catalase expression by these extracts remains unclear, these results suggest that the ingredients of the Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus extracts act as an activator of catalase, and regulate the expression of catalase at the translational or transcriptional level.