A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCES OF F₁ CROSSBRED COWS UNDER RURAL CONDITIONS

Nahar, T.N.,Islam, M.,Hasnath, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3

Data were collected on productive and reproductive performance of different $F_1$ crossbred cows (Deshi cows joined by A.I. to Sindhi, Sahiwal, Jersey or Holstein-Friesian Bull semen) reared by farmers in and around the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus at Mymensingh. The traits considered were birth weight, age at first heat, age at first calving, gestation length, post-partum heat period, milk yield, lactation length, dry period and calving interval. Data were analyzed statistically using a completely randomized design and Duncan's Multiple Range Test to compare and determine the significance of between individual group means. It was observed that the Holstein $\times$ Deshi had the highest birth weight (21.4 kg) followed by Sahiwal (17.6 kg), Jersey (16.7 kg) and Sindhi (16.1 kg). Shortest age at first heat (854 and 920 days) and age at first calving (1002 and 1201 days) were found for the Jersey $\times$ Deshi and Holstein $\times$ Deshi crosses respectively. The post-partum heat period were significantly different between breeds with Jersey and Holstein sired calves having the shortest intervals. There was no difference in the gestation length of the four crosses. Holstein $\times$ Deshi and Jersey $\times$ Deshi cows gave the highest milk yields due to longer lactation periods and higher daily milk production. Similarly, Holstein $\times$ Deshi and Jersey $\times$ Deshi crosses had significantly shorter dry periods and Jersey $\times$ Deshi had a shorter calving interval. From this study it may be concluded that exotic genotypes such as Holstein-Friesian and Jersey can perform very well under rural conditions in Bangladesh.

Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical bovine mastitis in some dairy farms of Sylhet district of Bangladesh

Kahir, Md. Abdul,Islam, Md. Mazharul,Rahman, A.K.M. Anisur,Nahar, A.,Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Son, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to report prevalence and to identify risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Among 325 dairy farms of the district 12 farms(3.7%) were selected conveniently for this study. All the dairy cows of the 12 farms were selected for sample collection. Fresh milk samples from each of the selected dairy cows were collected aseptically in separate sterilized test tube as RF, RH, LF and LH quarter of the udder. Rapid modified White Side Test(WST) was used to detect subclinical mastitis(SCM). Results of WST and data derived from filled in questionnaire were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled(Stata Corporation, Texas, USA, 2003). The overall prevalence of SCM and its distribution in different categories of variables in cow and their exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated in $STATA^{(R)}$. Simple bivariable associations among independent variables were investigated by $x^2$ test in $STATA^{(R)}$. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination method was used to identify risk factors of SCM. To identify significant variation in quarter SCM, linear regression analysis was performed after arcsine transformation of the data. The overall prevalence of SCM found in this study is 54%. Dairy cows with teat lesions had significantly increased SCM(OR=12342, P value=0.000, 95% CI=762, 199798) than others without teat lesions. The Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwal breed has significantly decreased(OR=0.18, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.04, 0.85) SCM than other breeds. The prevalence of SCM found in this study is in agreement with others. The injury in the teat increases the probability of getting infected with microbes and thereby mastitis. If the prevalence of teat lesion can be decreased the probability of subclinical mastitis will also be decreased. The negatively associated Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwall breed may help in planning mastitis control program if this finding can be validated by a more powerful case-control or cohort study design.

Variety and Seedling Age Affects Fine Rice Yield

A. K. M. Khusrul Amin,M. Aminul Haque,Md Akhtaruzzaman,Nazmun Nahar Chowdhury 韓國作物學會 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.2

The research was conducted with the aim of determining effects of seedling age on the yield of four fine rice varieties viz., Kalizura, Tulshimala, BRRI (Bang-ladesh Rice Research Institute)-37 and BRRI-38. The seedling of different ages such as 15, 25, 35 and 45 days were transplanted on the same day maintaining 25cm~times15cm spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield contributing characters were influenced by seedling age, variety and their interaction. BRRI-38 gave the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 , panicle length, total spikelets panicle-1 , grains panicle-1 , 1000-grains weight and grain yield. Likewise, yield and yield contributing characters were the highest in 35 days old seedling. On the other hand, the variety (BRRI-38) with the same age as of seedlings 35 days old seedlings was found superior to other interactions, but, in the production of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grains weight there was no significant effect in this interaction. From the findings it may be inferred that BRRI-38 with 35 days old seedlings produced the highest grain yield.

Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical bovine mastitis in some dairy farms of Sylhet district of Bangladesh

( Md. Abdul Kahir ),( Md. Mazharul Islam ),( A. K. M. Anisur Rahman,),( A. Nahar ),( Md. Siddiqur Rahman ),( Hee Jong Song ) 한국가축위생학회 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to report prevalence and to identify risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Among 325 dairy farms of the district 12 farms(3.7%) were selected conveniently for this study. All the dairy cows of the 12 farms were selected for sample collection. Fresh milk samples from each of the selected dairy cows were collected aseptically in separate sterilized test tube as RF, RH, LF and LH quarter of the udder. Rapid modified White Side Test(WST) was used to detect subclinical mastitis(SCM). Results of WST and data derived from filled in questionnaire were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to STATA®, version 8.0/Intercooled (Stata Corporation, Texas, USA, 2003). The overall prevalence of SCM and its distribution in different categories of variables in cow and their exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated in STATA®. Simple bivariable associations among independent variables were investigated by χ2 test in STATA®. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination method was used to identify risk factors of SCM. To identify significant variation in quarter SCM, linear regression analysis was performed after arcsine trans-formation of the data. The overall prevalence of SCM found in this study is 54%. Dairy cows with teat lesions had significantly increased SCM(OR=12342, P value=0.000, 95% CI=762, 199798) than others without teat lesions. The Holstein FriesianXJerseyXSahiwal breed has significantly decreased(OR=0.18, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.04, 0.85) SCM than other breeds. The prevalence of SCM found in this study is in agreement with others. The injury in the teat increases the probability of getting infected with microbes and thereby mastitis. If the prevalence of teat lesion can be decreased the probability of subclinical mastitis will also be decreased. The negatively associated Holstein FriesianXJerseyXSahiwall breed may help in planning mastitis control program if this finding can be validated by a more powerful case-control or cohort study design.

Sources of Carbonaceous Materials in the Airborne Particulate Matter of Dhaka

Bilkis A. Begum,Philip K. Hopke,Anwar Hossain,Golam Saroar,Swapan K. Biswas,Md. Nasiruddin,Nurun Nahar,Zohir Chowdury 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

To explore the sources of carbonaceous material in the airborne particulate matter (PM), comprehensive PM sampling was performed (3 to 14 January 2010)at a traffic hot spot site (HS), Farm Gate, Dhaka using several samplers: AirMetrics MiniVol (for PM_10and PM_2.5) and MOUDI (for size fractionated submicron PM). Long-term PM data (April 2000 to March 2006 and April 2000 to March 2010 in two size fractions (PM2.2 and PM_2.2-10) obtained from two air quality-monitoring stations, one at Farm Gate (HS) and another at a semi-residential (SR) area (Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka Campus, (AECD)), respectively were also analyzed. The long-term PM trend shows that fine particulate matter concentrations have decreased over time as a result of government policy interventions even with increasing vehicles on the road. The ratio of PM_2.5/PM_10 showed that the average PM_2.5 mass was about 78% of the PM10 mass. It was also found that about 63% of PM_2.5 mass is PM_1. The total contribution of BC to PM_2.5 is about 16%and showed a decreasing trend over the years. It was observed that PM_1 fractions contained the major amount of carbonaceous materials, which mainly originated from high temperature combustion process in the PM_2.5. From the IMPROVE TOR protocol carbon fraction analysis, it was observed that emissions from gasoline vehicles contributed to PM_1 given the high abundance of EC1 and OC2 and the contribution of diesel to PM_1 is minimal as indicated by the low abundance of OC1 and EC2. Source apportionment results also show that vehicular exhaust is the largest contributors to PM in Dhaka. There is also transported PM_2.2 from regional sources. With the increasing economic activities and recent GDP growth,the number of vehicles and brick kilns has significantly increased in and around Dhaka. Further action will be required to further reduce PM-related air pollution in Dhaka.

Variety and Seedling Age Affects Fine Rice Yield

Amin, A.K.M. Khusrul,Haque, M. Aminul,Akhtaruzzaman, Md,Chowdhury, Nazmun Nahar The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.2

The research was conducted with the aim of determining effects of seedling age on the yield of four fine rice varieties viz., Kalizura, Tulshimala, BRRI (Bang-ladesh Rice Research Institute)-37 and BRRI-38. The seedling of different ages such as 15, 25, 35 and 45 days were transplanted on the same day maintaining $25cm{\times}15cm$ spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield contributing characters were influenced by seedling age, variety and their interaction. BRRI-38 gave the highest number of effective tillers $hill^{-1}$, panicle length, total spikelets $panicle^{-1}$, grains $panicle^{-1}$, 1000-grains weight and grain yield. Likewise, yield and yield contributing characters were the highest in 35 days old seedling. On the other hand, the variety (BRRI-38) with the same age as of seedlings 35 days old seedlings was found superior to other interactions, but, in the production of grains $panicle^{-1}$ and 1000-grains weight there was no significant effect in this interaction. From the findings it may be inferred that BRRI-38 with 35 days old seedlings produced the highest grain yield.

Sources of Carbonaceous Materials in the Airborne Particulate Matter of Dhaka

Begum, Bilkis A.,Hossain, Anwar,Saroar, Golam,Biswas, Swapan K.,Nasiruddin, Md.,Nahar, Nurun,Chowdury, Zohir,Hopke, Philip K. Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

To explore the sources of carbonaceous material in the airborne particulate matter (PM), comprehensive PM sampling was performed (3 to 14 January 2010) at a traffic hot spot site (HS), Farm Gate, Dhaka using several samplers: AirMetrics MiniVol (for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$) and MOUDI (for size fractionated submicron PM). Long-term PM data (April 2000 to March 2006 and April 2000 to March 2010 in two size fractions ($PM_{2.2}$ and $PM_{2.2-10}$) obtained from two air quality-monitoring stations, one at Farm Gate (HS) and another at a semi-residential (SR) area (Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka Campus, (AECD)), respectively were also analyzed. The long-term PM trend shows that fine particulate matter concentrations have decreased over time as a result of government policy interventions even with increasing vehicles on the road. The ratio of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ showed that the average $PM_{2.5}$ mass was about 78% of the $PM_{10}$ mass. It was also found that about 63% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass is $PM_1$. The total contribution of BC to $PM_{2.5}$ is about 16% and showed a decreasing trend over the years. It was observed that $PM_1$ fractions contained the major amount of carbonaceous materials, which mainly originated from high temperature combustion process in the $PM_{2.5}$. From the IMPROVE TOR protocol carbon fraction analysis, it was observed that emissions from gasoline vehicles contributed to $PM_1$ given the high abundance of EC1 and OC2 and the contribution of diesel to $PM_1$ is minimal as indicated by the low abundance of OC1 and EC2. Source apportionment results also show that vehicular exhaust is the largest contributors to PM in Dhaka. There is also transported $PM_{2.2}$from regional sources. With the increasing economic activities and recent GDP growth, the number of vehicles and brick kilns has significantly increased in and around Dhaka. Further action will be required to further reduce PM-related air pollution in Dhaka.

Uptake of the veterinary antibiotics chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin, and sulphathiazole from soil by radish

Chung, Hyung Suk,Lee, Young-Jun,Rahman, Md. Musfiqur,Abd El-Aty, A.M.,Lee, Han Sol,Kabir, Md. Humayun,Kim, Sung Woo,Park, Byung-Jun,Kim, Jang-Eok,Hacımü,ftü,oğ,lu, Fazil,Nahar, Nilufar,Sh Elsevier BV 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol.605 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Veterinary antibiotics are available for uptake by the plants through sources such as manure, irrigation, and atmospheric interaction. The present study was conducted to estimate the half-lives of three veterinary antibiotics, chlortetracycline (CTC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and sulphathiazole (STZ), in soil and experimentally explore their uptake from contaminated soil to radish roots and leaves. Samples were extracted using a modified citrate-buffered version of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe “QuEChERS” method followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric analysis (LC–MS/MS) in the positive ion mode. Good linearity was observed for the three tested antibiotics in soil and plants (roots and leaves) with high coefficients of determination (<I>R</I> <SUP>2</SUP> ≥0.9922). The average recovery rates at two spiking levels with three replicates per level ranged between 77.1 and 114.8%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD)≤19.9% for all tested drugs. In a batch incubation experiment (<I>in vitro</I> study), the half-lives of CTC, ENR, and STZ ranged from 2.0–6.1, 2.2–4.5, and 1.1–2.2days, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions, the half-lives of the three target antibiotics in soil with and without radishes were 2.5–6.9 and 2.7–7.4; 4.7–16.7 and 10.3–14.6; and 4.4–4.9 and 2.5–2.8days, respectively. Trace amounts of the target antibiotics (CTC, ENR, and STZ) were taken up from soil <I>via</I> roots and entered the leaves of radishes. The concentration of CTC was lower than 2.73%, ENR was 0.08–3.90%, and <1.64% STZ was uptaken. In conclusion, the concentrations of the tested antibiotics decreased with time and consequently lower residues were observed in the radishes. The rapid degradation of the tested antibiotics in the present study might have only little impact on soil microorganisms, fauna, and plants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A method to estimate the half-life of veterinary antibiotics in soil was developed. </LI> <LI> Veterinary antibiotic uptake rate by radish from contaminated soil was determined. </LI> <LI> The half-lives of antibiotics in soil with and without radishes did not differ. </LI> <LI> Trace antibiotic residue levels moved to roots and leaves from contaminated soil. </LI> <LI> We elucidate residual antibiotic transplantation and antibiotic tolerance in soil. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Time-dependent Cylindrical and Spherical Ion-acoustic Solitary Structures in Relativistic Degenerate Multi-ion Plasmas with Positively-charged Heavy Ions

M. R. Hossen,L. Nahar,A. A. Mamun 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.11

The properties of time-dependent cylindrical and spherical, modified ion-acoustic (mIA) solitarystructures in relativistic degenerate multi-ion plasmas (containing degenerate electron fluids, inertialpositively-, as well as negatively-, charged light ions, and positively-charged static heavy ions)have been investigated theoretically. This investigation is valid for both non-relativistic and ultrarelativisticlimits. The well-known reductive perturbation method has been used to derive theKorteweg-de Vries (K-dV) and the mK-dV equations for studying the basic features of solitarywaves. The fundamental characteristics of mIA solitary waves are found to be significantly modifiedby the effects of the degenerate pressures of the electron and the ion fluids, their number densities,and the various charge states of heavy ions. The relevance of our results in astrophysical compactobjects like white dwarfs and neutron stars, which are of scientific interest, is briefly discussed.

Antinociceptive activity of some Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts

Uddin, S.J.,Shilpi, J.A.,Rouf, R.,Ferdous, M.M.,Nahar, L.,Sarker, S.D. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.2

The extracts of some Bangladeshi medicinal plants, Possur (Xylocarpus mekongensis), Dhundul (Xylocarpus granatum), Gab (Diospyros peregrina), Kadom (Anthocephalus chinensis) and Sundari (Heritiera fomes), were assessed for their possible antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Most of these plants have been used in traditional medicine in Bangladesh as well as in other countries for the treatment of various ailments ranging from common cold to cancer. All these extracts significantly inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. The extract of Anthocephalus chinensis bark showed the most potent writhing inhibition (69.47%, P < 0.001) and that of Diospyros peregrina bark had the least (33.54%, P< 0.02).