중학교 사회 교과서 지리 영역의 Gender Bias 분석

윤석희 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 교과교육학연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 1학년 사회 교과서의 지리 영역에 나타난 성 의식을 분석하여 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 분석 교재는 6종의 중학교 사회과 교과서 지리 영역(1~7단원)이다. 본 연구에서는 교과서에 나타난 성 차별성을 파악하기 위해서 성을 상징하는 언어가 표현되어 있는 교과서 텍스트와 여성이나 남성이 등장하는 사진, 삽화 자료를 분석 자료로 하였다. 연구 주제는 첫째, 교과서 저자의 성별 편중성은 어떠한가? 둘째, 지리교과서 내용선정에서 성차별성은 어떠한가?, 셋째, 내용 구성에서 역할 수행은 어떤 성을 중심으로 이루어지고, 여성과 남성의 역할 수행에 대한 사회적 고정 관념은 어떻게 표현되어 있는가? 넷째, 6종류의 교과서마다 성 차별성에 차이가 있는가? 이며, 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교과서 저자의 성별 구성은 지나치게 남성 편중성이 심하여 여성 비율은 집필자의 전체에서 12%에 불과하였다. 둘째, 교과서 사진, 삽화, 언어 자료의 내용 선정과 내용 구성의 성 편향성은 모두 남성 편향적인 것으로 분석되었으며, 특히, 삽화에서 성 차별성이 심한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 교과서에 표현된 성 역할은 대부분 남성 중심적으로 이루어졌고, 남성은 적극적이고, 진취적이며, 다양한 사회적 생활을 수행하는 것으로 묘사된 반면, 여성은 보조적이고 수동적이며, 가사와 육아를 전담하는 모습으로 묘사되어 성 역할 수행에 있어서 성 정형성과 고정 관념이 심한 것으로 파악되었다. 넷째, 6종의 교과서 중 여교사의 참여가 없는 4종의 교과서의 성 차별성이 여자 집필진이 참여한 교과서에 비하여 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구 결과는 사실 지향적이고 가치 중립적으로 알려진 지리 교육 내용에서도 성에 대한 편견이 명시적 암묵적으로 제공되었고, 학생들이 지리 학습을 하면서 잠재적으로 남성 중심의 성 차별적 의식을 학습해 왔음을 증명해 주는 것이다. 지리 영역 교과서의 성 차별성을 개선하기 위해서는 교육과정과 교과서의 개발에 여성 전문가의 참여를 확대해야 한다. 그리고, 전문가들의 성에 대한 편견을 개선하고 양성 평등을 지향하는 자세로 교육과정과 교과서 개발에 참여하도록 해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the gender-biased context shown in the geography textbook of middle-school. To achieve this goal, six social study textbooks were examined. Texts, illustrations, and pictures related to gender-prejudices and gender-related misunderstandings in the textbooks were analyzed quantitatively. Study was focused on four topics: i) Which gender - male or female - is appeared more frequently in the texts, illustrations, and pictures in the school textbooks? ii) Which gender play a key role? iii) How the prejudice about the social role by gender is presented? iv) Are some textbooks more gender-biased?; and is this related to the gender of the author? Findings are as follows: i) Man appeared more frequently than woman in texts, illustration, and pictures in the school textbooks. The illustrations are more gender-biased, favouring male. ii) Most textbooks show gender-stereotyped roles and activities; man plays progressive, aggressive, and diverse roles. Woman, however, plays an inactive and relatively insignificant role in social activity. iii) The gender-proportion of the author is bias in favour of male. Female authors form only 12 percent. Four of the six textbooks, in which woman teachers are not participated, are more gender-biased than the others. These results show that gender-prejudices exist even in the geography studies which are known, so far, as fact-oriented and value-free. To remedy this gender-bias, it is suggested that woman's participation in the development of curriculum and school textbooks should be increased.

平民歌辭硏究 : 作家層을 중심으로

尹錫山 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1989 韓國學論集 Vol.16 No.-

This paper is intended to examine the Pyongmin Gasa (The Ode of the Commoners) appeared in thr age of reform in the late Choson Dynasty, With Kapmin-ga, Nochirnear-ga, Guchang-ga and Hapgang- chung-ga, especially which themes and contents are a critical toward reality, focused on the group of its writers, paper's topic is surveyed, Until now, it is a general tendenct that the writers of Pyongmin Gasa are commoners and the low classes (the humble). But, when analyzing the Pyongmin Gasa and scrutinizing the consciousness of the writers appeared in its works, it is possible to say that the group of Pyongmin Gasa's writers may be Yangban (the high classes) who has a regular knowledge or the middle classes (semi-Yangban). Consequently, it is certain that the ruind Yangban and the middle classes written the Pyongmin Gasa were conconsidered as a prize by social status in the late Choson Dynasty. So, it may be safely affirmed that the pyongmin Gasa is a valuable literature ofpoetry since it played a important part reform the society of late Choson Dynasty.

페니토인을 복용중인 젊은 간질환자에서 발생한 대퇴골 골절

하윤석,김광수 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

Background and purpose: The use of antiepileptic drugs for a long period is a known risk factor for bone loss and pathological fracture. An increased risk of fractures due to long-term treatment with antiepileptics has been attributed to the alterations in the levels of circulating calcium, calcitropic hormones and high homocysteine levels. The purpose is of this study to report bone fracture in an epileptic patient on chronic use of phenytoin may be associated with lower BMD (bone mineral density) and high plasma concentration of homocysteine. Case: We report a case of a 35 year old young male who had been on phenytoin for 31 years presenting with a pathological femur fracture and frequent complex partial seizures. The plasma homocysteine level was increased as much as 15.93 μmol/L. BMD of the lumbar spine and femur head were low. MRI of the thigh showed fibrodysplasia with cystic degeneration and pathologic fracture in the right proximal femur. Conclusion: A patient on chronic use of phenytoin has alterations in bone metabolism characterized by lower BMD of the lumbar spine and femur and high plasma concentration of homocysteine. An increased risk of bone fracture in an epileptic patient may be associated with osteoporosis and high homocysteine.

방광 크롬친화세포종과 동반된 배뇨후 벼락두통

하윤석,강성진,허소영,이지현,김민정,김종국,김광수 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

Thunderclap headache is a hyperacute, severe headache that is so named because the pain strikes suddenly and severely, and is sometimes a sign of a medical emergency. We report a case of pheochromocytoma in the urinary bladder in a 48-year-old woman who presented with recurrent thunderclap headache after voiding and exercise. So we think thunderclap headache during or immediately after micturition may be an important diagnostic clue of bladder pheochromocytoma.

경기도 지역 몬테소리 유치원과 어린이집 교사의 교육에 대한 인식화 학급운영 실태에 관한 비교연구

석윤희,김용미 京機大學校 2006 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' perception of Montessori kindergarten and Montessori daycare centers, view of Montessori classroom management and altitude toward Montessori teaching-learning methods in an effort to provide information on the management of these educational institutes and to help teachers apply Montessori programs in a more ideal manner. The research Questions were posed as below: 1. What differences are there in the way of looking at Montessori education between Montessori kindergarten teachers and Montessori daycare center teachers? 2. What differences are there in arrangement of educational areas in Montessori classroom and activities using teaching aids between Montessori kindergarten teachers and Montessori daycare center teachers? 3. What differences are there in attitude toward teaching-learning methods between Montessori kindergarten teachers and Montessori daycare center teachers? The subjects in this study were 238 teachers who worked at kinder garten and daycare center that offered Montessori education in five cities in Gyeonggi province, including Anyang, Euiwang, Gwacheon, Suweon and Ansan. The instrument used in this study was questionnaires for teacher that were reconstructed to serve the purpose of the study and consisted of 15 items, including nine about their perception of Montessory education, six about classroom arrangement and use of teaching aids, and 15S about teaching-learning attitude. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS program and x2 test and frequency analysis were conducted to make a comparative analysis of the kindergarten and daycare center teachers. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, regarding their view of Montessori education, they thought that programs should be prepared to cater to Korean circumstances, and they called for a wide array of activity programs ta take advantage of teaching aids. As to the frequency of education, the kindergarten teachers offered more frequent education than the daycare centers. Second, as for Montessori classroom arrangement and use of teaching aids, the Montessori kindergartens were better equipped than the Montessori daycare centers. With regard to when teaching equipment was put to use, the kindergartens utilized teaching aids in working class, and the daycare centers harnessed them when young children were engaged in free play. Third, concerning their attitude toward teaching-teaming methods, the teachers looked upon young children as ones who were entitled to make a choice of teaching aids on their own, and they viewed their relationship with preschoolers as one of crucial teaching-learning methods. They observed four or five young children in Montessori class, and the outcome of observation was utilized to get a feedback. As for the form of class, multi-age class was considered to produce the best educational effects, and working was viewed as one of primary teaching-loaming media. As to a supply of teaching aids, the kindergarten teachers presented teaching aids by area, and the daycare centers did it according to child development stage. Concerning what made it hard to observe children, the kindergarten teachers pointed out large class size as the reason, and the daycare centers cited their own insufficient knowledge to draw up an observation record. It's required to cut down on class size, since the Montessori kindergartens and daycare centers found it difficult to offer Montessori instruction properly due to a large number of children, Besides, the Montessori daycare centers were less. equipped with teaching aids than the Montessori kindergartens. If daycare centers are more subsidized, they are expected to be able to trigger a plenty of good interaction between preschoolers and tracking aids, and then that will have a favorable impact on the teaming and development of young children.

素月의 現實 意識 : 情恨의 構造와 發生契機

尹錫山 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1985 韓國學論集 Vol.7 No.-

So-wol has been valued to be a poet lacked in a periodic and historical consciousness. This is due to the thought that there are seldom critical and resisting literary works against the japanese and that the majorities of his literary works are about his individual restraint of emotion. But I think this is the estimation about his poems in his anthology, the azalea and that we don't think what the basic reason of the restraint of emotion is. The purpose of the present thesis is to study his basic consciousness of his restraint of emotion and why he kept on the attitude of the restraint of emotion by means of analysis of his poems, proses works and generalization of reality which is known to us through the his works. The abstract is following. 1) In the anthology, the azalea, there are seldom poems which are reflected in the perodic situation. But in the following poems "The song of Namori Field", "A Self-surrender", "Spring, the Night of Spring and the Rain of Spring", "The Wind of spring", "The Tear of Mind", and no title we can see his strong resistance of his real existence and the resisting spirit against the Japanese. 2) His poems, "The song of Namori field" and title are the songs about departing farmers robbed of their land by the Japanese, who knew that they could not get back the land in reality, but they did not admit the fact in his mind. On that reason, there happens the restraint of emotion. In the above mentioned poems, we can see the hostility agamst Japanese, the feeling of regret that he adapted himself to the Japanese, and the pointing will of action that he would intend to do if possible. 3) The short story, "The Large Flakes of Snow" is the story of a woman who is to leave for Manchuria in order to struggle against the Japanese. The hero of this story is the man who got the high level of education and who isit possible to protest the Japanese in reality. So, in this story, the restraint of emotion is not expressed, meanahile, he adapted anarrator who is unable to resist ond he kept on the attitude of the restraint of emotion in his poetry. It is based on the fact that our people con't resist against the Japanese in reality, 4) In the essay, "The Aspect the Country and the Aspect of the City", bitterness of the modern civilization is expressed. This is shown in his posthumous poetry, "The Spirit of Poetry" and "The Wind of Spring". This is perhaps due to the opinion that the modern civilization basically make not only to degenerate the man morally owing to divising his sensibility. 5) The influence of 'The Theory of Fala Song' and 'The Nationalism' holded by the grocyos of national literityre made him write the traditional poems of the restraint of emotion making the best of our language in the style of folk song. It seems that he took the influence of the 'Therory of the Preparation', that we first increase the national power by mans of education and that we should fight the japonese after that. 6) Hence, it is only the surface feature in his works that he was lacked in the consciouness of reality and he did not the resisting consciousness. So I think he should not be criticized in the negative.

치매노인의 인지능력에 미치는 꽃장식의 효과와 꽃의 선호도 조사

윤숙영,김홍열,--,우태양 한국화훼연구회 2002 화훼연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 대구광역시에 위치한 <햇빛치매어르신주간보호센터>에 있는 치매노인을 대상으로 꽃장식이 치매노인의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 꽃장식에서 꽃의 색과 크기의 선호도를 조사하기 위해서 치매노인 6명을 대상으로 2002년 2월 14일부터 2002년 5월 9일까지 주 1회씩 총 12회 원예치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 대상자는 모두 여성이었다. 평가결과는 다음과 같다. MMSE-K 평가결과 대상자 A는 원예치료 실시 전 13점에서 실시 후 18점으로, 대상자 D는 원예치료 실시 전 5점에서 13점으로 유의하게 향상되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 대상자 B는 7점에서 8점으로, 대상자 E는 3점에서 7점으로 향상되었으나 유의차가 없었다. 대상자 C는 원예치료 실시 전 15점에서 실시 후에는 14점으로 오히려 낮아졌으나 유의차는 없었다. 대상자 F는 인지능력이 없는 대상자로서 실시 전후 큰 변화가 없었다. 꽃의 선호도 조사결과 색은 적색과 황색 그리고 분홍색 순으로 선호하였고 크기는 중간형보다는 크거나 작지만 풍성한 꽃을 선호하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 꽃장식은 치매노인의 인지기능 향상에 효과적이었다. 재료는 매회 달랐지만 작품을 구사하여 다듬고, 자르고, 꽂고 하는 반복적인 활동을 통해 흥미를 유발하여 적극적으로 자신감을 갖게 되었으며, 또한 결과물을 가족들과 함께 공유하게 함으로써 가족관계도 개선되었다. Abstract. This study set out to research preference of flowers, to analyze the impacts of floral decoration on the improvement of recognition ability in the demented old adults in order to develop an more effective horticultural therapy program for the demented old adults. The subjects were made out of the demented old adults who were taken care of at <HABIT Demented Old Adults Day Care Center> located in Icheon-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu Metropolitan City. Total six subjects were included in experiment. They were all female, and their average age was 76. The experiment was conducted once a week from February 14 to May 9, 2002, total in 12 times. The experiment was only focused on floral decorations. The color and size of flowers were considered to decide the subjects preference. The subjects preferred red and yellow flowers. They also liked big flowers or small but opulent ones. As for floral decoration, the material flowers were different each session. But the subjects were aroused into interest via repetitive activities such as designing their works and arranging, cutting, and putting in flowers. Their active and confident attitudes became evident, and their relationships with their family grew better as they shared their works with them.

제임스 딕키의 작품에 나타나는 이중성 연구

윤석임 새한영어영문학회 2002 새한영어영문학 Vol.44 No.1

This study examines bipolar and contradictory elements in James Dickey's literary theory and works. There is no doubt that Dickey's imagination was profoundly affected by the dualistic point of view elicited from his various personal experiences and from his religious and academic background. This study deals with his poems and novels in which spiritual and transcendental force shows its co-existence with sensual physical life, which Dickey presents by emphasizing primal creative forces. Dickey features a world where the dark facets of life as a physical creature--pain, aging, and death--coexist with the light aspects of life. Dickey declares that it is poet's "privilege to look at a subject from two opposite standpoints." This statement reflects his belief that only through full knowledge of the "contraries" can life be fully comprehended. Consequently, situations or emotional states in Dickey's poems are seldom characterized by one overpowering sensation but present "a mixture of contradictory forces." Ernest Suarez labels Dickey as "a maze of contradictions." Nonetheless, Dickey also shows that man can spiritually transcend the physical boundaries between the contradictory forces by means of love--in Dickey's word, "kindness," rebirth, transformation, reincarnation, and rejuvenation through exchange with "the other." After all, Dickey views the dualities of existence as necessary components to the whole of lief Dickey argues that the poetic process is a kind of "personal connection of very disparate elements under the fusing heat of the poem's necessity, so that they create the illusion of belonging together and illuminate each other by providing an insight by association."

희토류 금속착물의 합성과 전기화학적 거동 : Dy(III)과 Tb(III) 유기물질의 착물들에 대한 환원 Reduction of dysprosium(III), and terbium(III) complexes with organo substance in nonaqueous media

尹哲珍,鄭榮基 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

린탄나이드 3가〔Dy(Ⅲ), Tb(Ⅲ)〕와 유기리간드들의 착물을 전기화학적인 DC와 DP, SP 그리고 CV방법으로 조사하였다. 란탄나이드 착물들인 Dy(hafc)_3와 Tb(phen)_3의 전기화학적 환원을 비수용매 속에서 연구하였다. 란탄나이드 3가 착물들은 Ag/Agcl전극에서 이들 환원 피이크는 E_pc=-1.15V, 그리고 -1.45V의 비가역적인 일전자 환원과정이었고, 무거운 란탄나이드에서 원자번호가 증가함에 따라 안정도상수는 감소하였다. The electrochemical behavior of trivalent lanthanides, Dy(Ⅲ) and Tb(Ⅲ) Complexes were investigated by the use of direct current, differential pulse, stripping pulse polarography and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical reduction of lanthanide complexes 〔Dy(hafc)_3〕and 〔Tb(phen)_3〕were investigated in aprotic media. These reduction peak were irreversible one-electron processes at E_pc=-1.15V and -1.45V Vs. Ag/AgCl electrode and the behavior of the heavier lanthanides were decreased stability constant with increasing atomic number.

포르피린증 환자에서 보인 가역적 자기공명영상소견 1례

강석윤,마효일,곽규환,이상암 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.2