납 노출자에 ALAD 및 VDR 유전자의 다형성이 혈중 납과 혈압과의 관련성에 미치는 영향

리갑수,황보영,김용배,김화성,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

To evaluate the effect of ALAD and VDR polymorphism on the relationship of blood lead with blood pressure in lead exposed workers, 801 lead exposed workers were selected. Blood lead was selected as parameters of lead dose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure using Random Zero Sphygmomanometer were chosen as blood pressure. ALAD and VDR genotype of each subject was assayed. Demographic information such as sex, age, education, past and family history, and personal habit of smoking and drinking were collected. Job duration of lead exposed workers was also obtained. The means of age and work duration of the subjects were 40.4±10.1 years and 8.2±6.5 years. The means of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects were 123.2±16.3 mmHg and 75.8±11.9 mmHg. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 9.7%. ALAD2, the variant allele, in lead exposed workers was 10% and ALAD1 was 90%. For VDR genotype, the Bb or BB genotypes were 11.2%, while the bb genotype was 88.8%. The mean blood lead of subjects was 25.4±10.9 ㎍/㎗ (range 8.0-65.6). In the multiple regression analysis, blood lead was the significant positive predictor of systolic blood pressure and not the significant negative predictor of diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, body mass index, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, drinking and smoking habits, VDR and ALAD genotypes. Also the subjects with the VDR Bx had 2.9 mmHg higher than those with the VDR bb (p=0.09). There was no interaction of VDR and ALAD genotypes between blood lead and systolic blood pressure. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the Odd's ratio of VDR genotype(BB or Bb vs. bb) for hypertension was 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.8-3.2). This study suggests that blood lead increases systolic blood pressure controlling covariates.

두개강내 추골동맥의 박리성 동맥류 : 2부검례 보고

이상용,조갑래,서중석 大韓法醫學會 2000 대한법의학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Two autopsied cases of dissecting aneurysms of intracranial vertebral artery are reported and the appropriate literature is reviewed to investigate the pathological characteristics and pathogenesis. The location and pathological features of the aneurysms are similar in the two cases. The aneurysms in both cases are confined to the intracranial vertebral artery and massive subarachnoid hemorrhage in basal cistern develop caused by the rupture of the arterial wall. And the aneurysms show mainly subadventitial dissection and display intimal thickening, disruption of internal elastic lamina, and degeneration of the media. Based on their pathological investigation of these two cases and a review of reported cases, the authors propose that weakness of internal elastic lamina may be responsible for initiating dissection in susceptible individuals and hypertention is one of contributing factors that result in weakness of internal elastic lamina.

연폭로 근로자들의 연폭로 수준에 따른 혈압변화에 관한 연구

리갑수,안현철,김용배,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1

To evaluate the blood pressure change of lead workers by lead exposure level, authors analyzed 1,009 lead workers. Study variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking and drinking habit, age, work duration, blood lead concentration(PbB), ZPP, hemoglobin, BMI and cholesterol. The results were obtained as follow; 1. Means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 126.93mmHg and 74.08mmHg. Systolic pressures were significantly higher in males and drinkers than in females and non-drinkers. Blood pressure was increased as age and work duration were increased. 2. Means of PbB and ZPP were 26.79㎍/㎗, 61.38㎍/㎗ respectively. Male workers' PbB was higher than female workers', and ZPP was contrary. PbB and ZPP were increased as age and work duration were increased. Smokers' and drinkers' PbB were not different from nonsmokers' and nondrinkers' but ZPP were lower. 3. As PbB was increased, systolic pressure was increased, but diastolic pressure was not increased. 4. There were no significant increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure by increase of ZPP. 5. In pearson's correlation analysis, systolic pressure was correlate with BMI(R^(2)=0.2618), hemoglobin (R^(2)=0.1794), cholesterol(R^(2)=0.14334), PbB(R^(2)=0.12616) and alcohol consumption per week(R^(2)=0.10925). 6. In pearson's correlation analysis, diastolic pressure was correlate with BMI(r-square : 0.25037), age, hemoglobin, cholesterol and work duration, but not correlate with PbB. 7. Forward multiple regression analysis using systolic pressure as dependent variable revealed that BMI, PbB hemoglobin and cholesterol in order were significantly contributed to dependent variable. 8. Forward multiple regression analysis using diastolic pressure as dependent variable revealed that BMI, age, hemoglobin, smoking and cholesterol in order were significantly contributed to dependent variable.

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경과 사회 질서

문용갑 가톨릭대학교 인간학연구소 2006 인간연구 Vol.- No.10

The paper deals with the topics of the interaction of actors and smart agents as well as order in ubiquitous computing environment. Its aim is to outline the scope of a conceptual framework for the analysis of hybrid systems constituted of human and non-human decision makers. It llustrates the vision of pervasive computing and discusses their potential social impacts. It takes a brief look to the paradigm shift in field of artificial intelligence which leads to the construction of multiagent-systems, and then discusses the gradual concept of action as a tool of the understanding hybrid systems. It examines different modes of governance of complex systems and finally deals with the question, if decentralized systems might get out of control. In conclusion, it discusses the option of a new mode of central control of decentralized systems and finally asks for a more intense debate about these questions in the community of social scientists.

불소함유 산부식용액 및 불소화합물의 처치가 법랑질에 미치는 영향

이영선,이종갑 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Resin restoration, a link in esthetic dental treatment, is utilized in many fields of dentistry, but acid-etching treatment of enamel surface done during resin restorative prodecure causes the loss of enamel surface layer. Acid-etched enamel surface exposed to oral environment but not restored with resin is sensative to enamel decalcification, and in case of remineralization, the surface hardnes decreases compare to sound enamel surface. Especially in case of children who do not have the capacity to maintain good oral hygience care, the prevalence of enamel decalcification increases compare to that of adults. In this experiment, extracted premolars for the prupose of orthodontic treatment were used to analyze and compare the data such as resin bonding strength, acid-etching pattern, artficial carious lesions, fluroride concentration in enamel of the case which the application of fluoride compounds was done before and after the acid-etching of enamel surface and in case of applying the etchant containing fluoride dompounds to that of ordinary acid-etching technique. Followings are the results: 1. In case of applying fluoride compounds before acid-etching of enamel surface or applying the etchant containing fluoride compounds, resin shear bonding strength compare to that of ordinary acid-etching technigue did not decrease and in case of applying fluoride compounds after acid-etching of enamel surface, resin shear bonding strength decreased. 2. The depth of artificial caries decreased in case of either applying fluoride compounds or using fluoride containing etchant, and the depth increased in order of applying the fluoride compounds after acid-etching, applying fluoride containing etchant, applying the fluoride compounds after acid-etching, applying fluoride containing etchant, applying the etchant after fluoride compounds application, and ordinary acid-etching technique. 3. The fluoride concentration of enamel demonstrated significant differences only on enamel surface layer according to each surface treatments. The fluoride concentration on enamel surface was greatest in case of applying the fluoride compounds after acid-etching and it decreased after acid-etching using the ordinary technique compare to that of sound enamel surface. There was no significant difference in fluoride concentration on enamel surface in the cases of applying the fluoride compounds after acid-etching, applying fluoride containing etchant and in case of analyzing the sound enamel.

연취급 근로자들의 사회 심리적 스트레스와 연노출 지표들간의 관련성

김용배,안현철,황보영,리갑수,황규윤,이성수,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목 적 : 연취급 근로자를 대상으로 사회 심리적 스트레스 수준을 알아보고 이를 기초자료로 활용하며 사회 심리적 스트레스와 연노출 지표들간의 관련성을 알아보고자 시도하였다. 방 법 ' 1차 연제련업종의 근로자 234명을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 사회 심리적 스트레스, 직업적 특성과 사회적 지지를 문진과 설문지를 통해 확인했으며 연노출 수준을 알기 위해 혈중 ZPP 농도, 혈중연농도, 요중 δ-ALA 배설량, 혈색소, 혈구용적치등을 측정했다. 결 과 : 단일변량 분석결과 혈중 연농도 수준과 직업적 특성에 따른 사회 심리적 스트레스는 유의한 차이가 있었으며 혈중 연농도가 증가함에 따라 스트레스 수준도 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 사회 심리적 스트레스와 연노출 지표 및 다른 변수들간의 관련성을 파악하기 위하여 상관분석을 실시한 결과 혈중 연농도만이 사회 심리적 스트레스와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으며 유의했다. 결 론 : 고농도 연노출의 가능성이 있는 직종인 경우 기존의 연관련 자각증상에 대한 설문조사와 함께 사회 심리적 스트레스 측정도 병행하여 실시하는 것이 연에 의한 건강장해를 조기에 발견하고 예방하는데 필요하다. Objectives : This study was carried out to assess psychosocial distress of lead workers and to examine the relationship between lead exposure indices and psychosocial distress. Methods The study design was cross-sectional and research subjects were 234 lead workers in primary smelting industry. General characteristics, job characteristics and social support were obtained by self-administered questionnaire and history taking. Psychosocial distress was measured using PWI(Psychosocial Well-being Index), a 45-item self-administered instrument. Blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP), δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALAU) were selected as indicators of lead exposure. Results : There was significant difference in PWI according to lead exposure level and job characteristics. The results of correlation analysis showed that PWI was significantly correlated with PbB (r=0.203, p=0.002). Conclusions : Our results supported the association between lead exposure and psy-chosocial distress. The inclusion of psychosoclal distress measurement as a special health examination for lead workers was highly recommended for the effective health manage-ment.

직업적 연폭로가 일부 신경행동학적 검사수행에 미치는 영향

안익수,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,최은,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to investigate that blood lead levels of lead exposed workers is associated with decreased performance in neurobehavioral tests in adults, we investigate 78 workers in a battery industry. Three items among neurobehavioral core test battery of World Health Organization, including digit span, Santa ana dexterity, digit symbol were administered to workers occupationally lead exposed workers by operational guide for the WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Blood lead (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood (ZZP) were selected as an index of lead exposure. Detailed occupational history such as exposed agent, age, work duration, smoking and drinking habits, were recorded as confounding factors. After controlling age, the results of digit span and digit symbol among the neurobehavioral tests were significant contributed by PbB.

국산 EXTENSOMETER의 개발에 관한 기초 연구

유현승,김갑용,김두만 한국 항공대학교 항공산업기술연구소 1999 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 구조물의 측정에 이용되는 Extensometer를 국산화하는 것을 목적으로하였다. 외국의 시방서를 참고로 스트레인게이지를 이용하여 시제품을 제작하였다. 수감체는 알루미늄 합금을 사용하여 최대용량을 4 Kgf로 하였다. 시제품을 제작하고 정적인 Calibration 을 한 후 성능 평가를 하였다. 성능 평가는 알루미늄 시편에 시제품을 고정시키고 MTS로 반복하중을 가하는 방법으로 하였다. 시제품의 성능은 단일축 게이지보다 4배의 출력을 보였다. 또 최대하중의 5%의 하중을 8시간(약10000회)동안 반복적으로 가하였다. 이때 실험전과 실험후의 출력이 일정한 값을 보였다. 앞으로 실제 구조물을 측정할 수 있는 용량의 Extensometer를 제작하기 위하여 Extensometer의 재료와 열처리 기술에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다. 또 실제구조물을 측정하고 그 실용성을 평가해 보겠다. In this paper, the technique to make our own's extensometer is studied. The extensometer is to measure a structure. The prototype is manufactured by using a strain-gauge with the help of a foreign manual. The capacity of sensing part in aluminum alloy is 4 Kgf. The prototype is estimated after static calibration is done. The MTS is used to estimate the protype. The ability of a prototype is 4 times than it of an uniaxial strain-gauge. The 5 percent of maximum force is loaded repeatedly for 8 hours. The result shows that experiment is equal to theory. Later, the material of an extensometer and the technique of heat treatment must be studied to measure a real structure.

충남 서북부 산업재해환자 실태조사

오태식,김용배,리갑수,장봉기,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1998 순천향산업의학 Vol.4 No.1

In order to find out the situation of industrial accidents in area of Choongnam northwest and to obtain the basic materials for prevention of industrial accidents, 647 patient who had industrial accident were selected from five general hospital in Chunan Choognam. All industrial accident cases were analysed to draw characteristic patterns in relation to industrial type, time of industrial accident, age, work duration, site of accidents, degree of accidents. The period of this study was from June 1, 1996 to May 31, 1998. The results of the study were as follows. 1. Frequency rates of accident was 42.0% in manufacturing industries, the highest among industries and followed by 21.5% in construction industries, 14.5% in transport, storage & communications industries, 11.1% in other industries, 10.8% in electricity, gas & water supply industries. 3. while the highest frequency rate of accident by month was 24.4% in March and April, the lowest was 9,1% in November and December. 4. Frequency rate of accident by time was 22.7% in 10:00-11:00. the highest among time and followed by 10.7% in 14:00-15:00. 5. The highest frequency rate of accident by age group was 42.7% in older age group(above 40 years old). 6. While the highest frequency rate of accident by site was 30.9% in hands and feet, the lowest was 9.7% in upper limbs. 7. While the highest frequency rate of accident by duration of treatment was 73.49% in below 1 month, the lowest was 0.9% in above 6 months. 8. While the highest frequency rate of accident by duration of work was 59.4% in below 1 year, the lowest was 2.6% in above 10 years.

우리나라 연 작업자들의 연폭로 수준에 관한 연구

조인숙,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

To assess lead exposure in Korean lead workers, 2047 male lead workers in 17 lead using industries were studied. Study population were divided into 4 occupation categories such as storage battery industry(type 1), secondary smelting and litharge making industries(type 2), PVC stabilizer making industries(type 3) and primary smelting and related industries (type 4). Blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood (ZPP) were selected as an index of lead exposure. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were also checked. Fifteen questionnaires of lead related symptoms were provided to all lead workers and filled up by themselves and confirmed by medical doctors. Personal variables such as age, work duration, smoking and drinking habits were also collected. the results were as follows. 1) The mean blood lead, ZPP and hemoglobin of all lead workers were 29.7+12.6㎍/100㎖, 56.5+38.6㎍/100㎖ and 14.6+1.3 gm/100㎖ respectively. 2) While the mean blood lead of lead workers in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 28.6+11.6㎍/100㎖, 46.2+15.3 ㎍/100㎖, 46.8+12.1 ㎍/100㎖ and 26.2+10.2 ㎍/100㎖, the mean value of blood ZPP of those workers were 53.6+32.6 ㎍/100㎖, 108.1+87.1 ㎍/100㎖, 98.9 +54.9 ㎍/100㎖ and 45.8+19.5 ㎍/100㎖ respectively. 3) The percents of lead workers whose blood lead were 40-59.9 ㎍/100㎖ and over 60.0 ㎍/100㎖ were 17.6% and 2.1% respectively. Those whose blood lead were 40-59.9 ㎍/100㎖ and over 60.0 ㎍/100㎖ were 15.18% and 0.96% for type 1, 43.59% and 21.79% for type 2, 58.89% and 12.22% for type 3 and 11.82% and 0% for type 4 respectively. 4) The percents of lead workers whose blood ZPP were 100-149 ㎍/100㎖ and over 150 ㎍/100㎖ were 5.17% and 3.17% respectively. Those whose blood ZPP were 100-149 ㎍/100㎖ and over 150 ㎍/100㎖ were 4.66% and 2.04% for type 1, 10.26% and 25.64% for type 2, 23.33 and 13.33% for type 3 and 1.28% and 0.32% for type 4 respectively. 5) The prevalence rate of smoking and drinking of male lead workers in all lead industries were 70.8% and 71.0% respectively. While the mean blood lead of smoker, non-smoker, drinker and non-drinker were 30.24+12.58 ㎍/100㎖, 28.35+12.7 ㎍/100㎖, 30.24 ㎍/100㎖ and 28.74 ㎍/100㎖ respectively, the mean blood ZPP of those were 55.7+37.1 ㎍/100㎖, 58.4+41.9 ㎍/100㎖, 55.7+36.5 ㎍/100㎖ and 58.4+43.3 ㎍/100㎖ respectively. 6) While the correlation of hematocrit corrected blood lead with other lead exposure variables were higher than non-corrected blood lead, the correlation of log-transformed ZPP with other lead exposure variables were higher than non-corrected blood ZPP. 7) The most frequent symptom among 15 lead related symptom questionnaires was 'general fatigue' and the next one was 'feeling irritated with disturbance' and least one was 'acute abdominal pain around the umbilicus' in all lead workers. The overall prevalence of lead workers in storage battery industry and primary lead smelting industry were higher than secondary lead smelting and PVC stabilizer making industries. 8) The prevalence of lead related symptoms was a little higher in 13 symptoms in smokers than non-smokers and in 14 symptoms in drinker than non-drinkers, but they were not statistically significant. 9) Stepwise multiple regression analysis, using overall symptom prevalence as a dependent variable blood lead, blood ZPP, hemoglobin, age, work duration, drinking and smoking habits as independent variables, indicated that smoking habit, drinking habit and age were significantly contributed to the dependent variable. 10) The slopes of simple linear regression of blood lead (independent variable) with blood ZPP and log-transformed ZPP as dependent variable were different among 4 types of lead industries. The slope of lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead.