The activities of four constitutively expressed promoters in single-copy transgenic rice plants for two homozygous generations.

Bang, Seung Woon,Park, Su-Hyun,Kim, Youn Shic,Choi, Yang Do,Kim, Ju-Kon Springer-Verlag [etc.] 2015 Planta Vol.241 No.6

<P>We have characterized four novel constitutive promoters ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3 that are active in all tissues/stages of transgenic plants and stable over two homozygous generations. Gene promoters that are active and stable over several generations in transgenic plants are valuable tools for plant research and biotechnology. In this study, we characterized four putative constitutive promoters (ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3) in transgenic rice plants. Promoter regions were fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene and transformed into rice. Single-copy transgenic lines were then selected and promoter activity was analyzed in various organs and tissues of two successive homozygous generations. All four promoters showed a broad expression profile in most tissues and developmental stages, and indeed the expression of the ARP1 and H3F3 promoters was even greater than that of the PGD1 promoter, a previously described constitutive promoter that has been used in transgenic rice. This observation was based on expression levels in leaves, roots, dry seeds and flowers in both the T2 and T3 generations. Each promoter exhibited comparable levels of activity over two homozygous generations with no sign of transgene silencing, which is an important characteristic of promoters to be used in crop biotechnology applications. These promoters therefore have considerable potential value for the stable and constitutive expression of transgenes in monocotyledonous crops.</P>

Characterization of the stress-inducible OsNCED3 promoter in different transgenic rice organs and over three homozygous generations.

Bang, Seung Woon,Park, Su-Hyun,Jeong, Jin Seo,Kim, Youn Shic,Jung, Harin,Ha, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Ju-Kon Springer-Verlag [etc.] 2013 Planta Vol.237 No.1

<P>To be effective in crop biotechnology applications, gene promoters need to be stably active over sequential generations in a population of single-copy transgenic lines. Most of the stress-inducible promoters characterized in plants thus far have been analyzed at early (T?, T1 or T2) generations and/or by testing only a small number of transgenic lines. In our current study, we report our analysis of OsNCED3, a stress-inducible rice promoter involved in ABA biosynthesis, in various organs and tissues of transgenic rice plants over the T(2-4) homozygous generations. The transgene copy numbers in the lines harboring the OsNCED3:gfp construct were determined and six single- and two double-copy transgenic lines were analyzed for promoter activity in comparison with the Wsi18, a stress-inducible promoter previously characterized. The exogenous promoter activities were found to be significantly enhanced in the roots and leaves, whereas zero or low levels of activity were evident in grains and flowers, under drought and high-salinity conditions. The highest induction levels of gfp transcripts in the OsNCED3:gfp plants upon drought treatments were 161- and 93-fold in leaves and roots, respectively, and these levels were comparable with those of gfp transcripts in the Wsi18:gfp plants. A comparison of the promoter activities between the T2-T4 plants revealed that comparable activity levels were maintained over these three homozygous generations with no evidence of silencing. Thus, our results provide the OsNCED3 promoter that is stress-inducible in a whole rice plant except for in the aleurones and endosperm and stably active over three generations.</P>

Effects of 24-Hour Starvation on the Lipid Content of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Fatty Liver in Mice

Bang, Suck Woon,Lee, Ki Yung 서울의대 1968 서울의대잡지 Vol.9 No.4

Overexpression of <i>OsTF1L,</i> a rice HD‐Zip transcription factor, promotes lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure that improves drought tolerance

Bang, Seung Woon,Lee, Dong‐,Keun,Jung, Harin,Chung, Pil Joong,Kim, Youn Shic,Choi, Yang Do,Suh, Joo‐,Won,Kim, Ju‐,Kon BLACKWELL 2019 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.17 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought stress seriously impacts on plant development and productivity. Improvement of drought tolerance without yield penalty is a great challenge in crop biotechnology. Here, we report that the rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I>) homeodomain‐leucine zipper transcription factor gene, <I>OsTF1L</I> (<I>Oryza sativa transcription factor 1‐like</I>), is a key regulator of drought tolerance mechanisms. Overexpression of the <I>OsTF1L</I> in rice significantly increased drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth and promoted both effective photosynthesis and a reduction in the water loss rate under drought conditions. Importantly, the <I>OsTF1L</I> overexpressing plants showed a higher drought tolerance at the reproductive stage of growth with a higher grain yield than nontransgenic controls under field‐drought conditions. Genomewide analysis of <I>OsTF1L</I> overexpression plants revealed up‐regulation of drought‐inducible, stomatal movement and lignin biosynthetic genes. Overexpression of <I>OsTF1L</I> promoted accumulation of lignin in shoots, whereas the RNAi lines showed opposite patterns of lignin accumulation. <I>OsTF1L</I> is mainly expressed in outer cell layers including the epidermis, and the vasculature of the shoots, which coincides with areas of lignification. In addition, <I>OsTF1L</I> overexpression enhances stomatal closure under drought conditions resulted in drought tolerance. More importantly, OsTF1L directly bound to the promoters of lignin biosynthesis and drought‐related genes involving <I>poxN/PRX38</I>,<I> Nodulin protein</I>,<I>DHHC4</I>,<I>CASPL5B1</I> and <I>AAA‐type ATPase</I>. Collectively, our results provide a new insight into the role of <I>OsTF1L</I> in enhancing drought tolerance through lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure in rice.</P>

코로나시기 비전통 안보의 재조명-중국의 신시대(新时代) 식량안보관과 한국의 전략-

방성운 ( Bang¸ Sung-woon ) 대한정치학회 2021 大韓政治學會報 Vol.29 No.3

탈냉전시기 이후 국가 안보 개념이 변화하기 시작하였다. 안보문제가 군사중심에서 벗어나 경제, 사회, 문화 등 영역으로 화두가 전이되고 쟁점이 변하면서 비전통 안보 문제가 또 다른 안보위협으로 인식되었다. 1994년 유엔개발계획(UNDP)은 인간개발보고서에서 안보의 새로운 패러다임을 제시하였다. 그 중 식량안보는 모든 사람이 언제나 기본적인 식량을 물리적으로, 그리고 경제적으로 확보할 수 있어야 한다고 정의함으로 식량의 불안정성이 가중되는 상황에서 국민이 먹고 살 만큼 먹을 것을 확보해야 한다는 것이다. 코로나19의 확산에 따라 비전통 안보 영역에서 식량안보가 위협 받을 수 있다는 주장이 국제사회와 학자들 사이에서 제기되었고, 국제사회에서 안보환경이 급변함에 따라 식량위기는 언제든지 발생 할 수 있어 식량안보 위협에 대한 진단과 대비책이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 코로나19의 확산으로 제기된 식량안보를 재조명하고, 중국과 한국의 전략에 대해 집중적으로 고찰해 보고자 한다. After the post-Cold War era, the concept of national security began to change. As the security issue shifted away from the military center and shifted to economic, social, and cultural fields, and issues changed, non-traditional security issues were recognized as another security threat. In 1994, the UNDP presented a new paradigm for security in the Human Development Report. Among them, food security defines that everyone should always be able to secure basic food physically and economically, thus securing enough food for the people to feed in a time of mounting food instability. The spread of COVID-19 has raised claims among the international community and scholars that food security could be threatened in non-traditional security areas. As the security environment changes rapidly in the international community, food crises can occur at any time, so it is necessary to diagnose and prepare for food security threats. In this paper, we will re-examine the food security raised by the spread of COVID-19 and focus on the strategies of China and Korea.

Selection Conditional on Associated Measurements

Yeo, Woon-Bang The Korean Statistical Society 1983 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.12 No.2

In this paper, a random subset selection procedure for the choice of the k best objects out of n primary measurements $Y_t$ is considered when only the associated measurements $X_t$ are available. In contrast to Yeo and David (1992), where only the ranks of the X's are needed, the present uses the observed X-values. The approach is illustrated numerically when X and Y are bivariate normal and the standard deviation of X is known.

FISH and GISH Analysis of the Genomic Relationships among Panax Species

Hae Woon Choi,Dal Hoe Koo,Kyong Hwan Bang,Kee Yoeup Paek,Nak Sul Seong,Jae Wook Bang 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.1

중국의 정치발전 과정과 요소

방성운 ( Bang Sung-woon ) 대한정치학회 2020 大韓政治學會報 Vol.28 No.3

본 논문은 개혁개방 40년 이후 중국의 정치발전상황과 그 요인을 분석하고 중국의 정치발전의 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 개혁개방이후 40년간 중국의 경제발전에 대하여 모두가 주목하고 있지만, 정치발전에 대해서는 많은 학자들이 회의적인 시선으로 바라보고 있다. 중국의 정치발전의 개념은 우리가 일반정치학에서 바라보는 선거, 민주, 투표와 같은 정량적인 개념이 아닌 정치과정이나 정치체제의 능력의 강화라는 개념으로 봐야한다. 중국의 정치발전 과정은 개혁개방이후 각 지도자 별로 구분하여 살펴보고, 주요내용을 정리하였다. 중국정치의 발전요소는 파이의 정치발전 정의에 따라 ① 경제요소, ② 제도요소, ③ 민주요소, ④ 법치요소, ⑤ 문화요소, ⑥ 사회요소, ⑦ 갈등요소, ⑧ 국제요소, ⑨ 정당요소, ⑩ 정책요소, ⑪ 발전방식요소로 종합해 볼 수 있다. 중국은 국가상황에 맞는 정치발전 동력과 방법, 절차를 찾기 위해 노력해 왔고, 정치발전은 단일적, 단편적인 하나의 요소에 영향을 받는 것이 아니라, 복합적이고 다양한 요소들의 유기적인 발전이다. 중국의 정치발전은 점진성, 연속성, 안정성을 바탕으로 전면적이고, 실질적인 정치발전을 통해 국제사회에서 경쟁력과 영향력을 키워왔다. 중국은 국정(国情)에 맞지 않는 다른 국가의 제도를 받아들이기 보다는 문명의 교류를 통해 조화로운 발전을 이루어 나갈 것이다. 그리고 급진적인 제도전환보다 체제의 안정성을 이어가고, 점진적 개혁을 통해 문제를 해결해 나가는 방식으로 발전해 나갈 것이다. This paper analyzed the political development situation and its factors in China 40 years after implemented the Reform and Opening, and studied the characteristics of China's political development. Everyone is paying attention to China's economic development in the 40 years since its Reform and Opening, but many scholars are skeptical about political development. The concept of China's political development should be viewed not as quantitative concepts such as elections, democracy and voting as we see in general politics, but as the reinforcement of the capacity of political processes or political systems. The process of political development in China was examined by each leader after Reform and Opening, and the main contents were summarized. The development factor of Chinese politics is based on the definition of L. W. Pye’s political development and can be summed up as the ① economic development ② institutional factor ③ democratic factor ④ rule of law factor ⑤ culture factor ⑥ social factor ⑦ conflict factor ⑧ international factor ⑨ political party factor ⑩ policy factor ⑪ development method factor. China has been striving to find political development engines, methods and procedures that fit the national situation, and political development is not influenced by a single, fragmentary element, but rather an organic development of complex and diverse elements. China's political development has grown its competitiveness and influence in the international community through all-out, practical political development based on its graduality, continuity and stability. Rather than accepting the political system of other countries that do not fit China's actual condition, China will achieve harmonious development through the exchange of civilizations. And rather than radical political system change, china will continue to maintain the stability of the political structure and develop into a way that solves problems through gradual reform.

Application of Nested-PCR for detection of Mycobacterium bovis in herd environment

Tae-woon KIM(Tae-woon KIM),Yunho JANG(Yunho JANG),Min Kyu Jeong(Min Kyu Jeong),Yun Jeong Seo(Yun Jeong Seo),Bang-Hun HYUN(Bang-Hun HYUN),Jae Myung KIM(Jae Myung KIM) 한국예방수의학회 2018 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.-

이산 사건과 이산 시간 혼합형 시뮬레이션 프레임워크의 제안과 조선 블록 탑재 공정에의 적용

방경운(Kyung-Woon Bang),이규열(Kyu-Yeul Lee),차주환(Ju-Hwan Cha),노명일(Myung-Il Roh),김훈주(Hoon-Joo Kim) (사)한국CDE학회 2007 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.1