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Adverse events following pediatric immunization in an Indian city
Varun Paramkusham,Prashanth Palakurthy,Navya sri Gurram,Varun Talla,Hunsur Nagendra Vishwas,Venkateshwar Rao Jupally,Satyanarayan Pattnaik 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.3
Purpose: Adverse effects are noticeable immediately after vaccination, especially when vaccinated to healthy people at the time of vaccination. The vaccine may cause adverse events which are very rare but adverse event following immunization surveillance becomes correspondingly more important in a less studied population like India. Hence, there is a need for carrying out a study pertaining to vaccine safety in the pediatric population of age 0–12 years and assessing the events occurring post-vaccination. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in three primary healthcare centers and two tertiary care hospitals for 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016 with a total of 826 children enrolled. Detected adverse events for suspected vaccines were analyzed for causality by the World Health Organization causality assessment instrument. Sex-specific differences in incidences of adverse events were assessed. Results: The cumulative adverse events were found highest in pentavalent vaccines (510 incidences, 62.04%) followed by the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (189 incidences, 22.99%). The study didn’t reveal any significant association in incidences of adverse events following immunization and sex of the children. Conclusion: Vaccine safety surveillance studies are need of the hour in developing countries to maintain public trust in vaccines, the ultimate objective being to have vaccines with the most favorable benefit-risk profile. The present study discussed the various adverse events following immunization and suggested the absence of any sex-specific difference in incidences of adverse events in children.
Varun, Chopra,Dineshkumar, Thayalan,Jayant, VS,Rameshkumar, Annasamy,Rajkumar, Krishnan,Rajashree, Padmanaban,Mathew, Jacob,Arunvignesh, Rajendran K Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is thought to develop from precancerous dysplastic lesions through multistep processes of carcinogenesis involving activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu [erbB-2]), a cell membrane glycoprotein, is a growth factor receptor that has receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Her2/neu activation plays a central role in cell proliferation and survival. It has been shown that overexpression of Her2/neu increases the rate of cell division and growth, leading to precancerous changes. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum and salivary Her2/neu levels between cases with premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and unstimulated saliva by passive drooling were collected from three groups of healthy control (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) (n=20) and OSCC (n=25) subjects. The HER2 extracellular domain (HER2 ECD) levels were measured using ELISA. Results: The levels of serum Her2/neu showed no significant differences between any of the groups but on the other hand salivary Her2/neu levels were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared between control (median 68.7 pg/ml, range: 21.5 - 75.8) and OSCC (median 145.6 pg/ml, range: 45.1-191.1). A similar trend was observed when comparing between PMD (median 43.3, range: 22.1 -94.7) and OSCC with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of increased salivary Her2/neu in OSCC when compared to PMD and control which was not the case for serum levels. This suggests that probably Her2/neu is not highly amplified as in breast cancer so as to be reflected in serum. Since saliva is in local vicinity of the OSCC, even a mild increase might be mirrored. On the whole, this study proposes Her2/neu as marker for distinguishing premalignant and malignant conditions.
Varun Arya,Vijay Laxmy Malhotra,JK Dayashankara Rao,Shruti Kirti,Siddharth Malhotra,Radhey Shyam Sharma 대한구강악안면외과학회 2019 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.45 No.5
Objectives: This study examined the effects of plasma-rich growth factors (PRGF) on accelerating bone regeneration/repair in fresh extraction sock-ets, and determined the quality and quantity of bone by assessing the bone density using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, who had undergone bilateral extractions, were included in this study. In one extraction socket, PRGF was used and covered with an autologous fibrin plug. Nothing was used in the opposite side extraction socket. Thirteen weeks post extraction, the level of bone regeneration was evaluated on both sides with CBCT. Results: At the end of the study, the mean bone density according to the Hounsfield units (HU) in the control group and PRGF group was 500.05 HU (type III bone type) and 647.95 HU (type II bone type), respectively. Conclusion: This study recommends the use of PRGF in post extraction sites to accelerate the rate of bone regeneration and improve the quality of regenerated bone. The technique to process PRGF was simple compared to previously mentioned techniques used for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation. PRP preparation requires a two-cycle centrifugation procedure, leading to a longer processing time.
( Varun Kumar ),( Anil Kumar Chauhan ),( Kwang Hyun Baek ),( Sun Chul Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.4
BACKGROUND: Coleosporium plectranthi, an obligate parasite, which is responsible for the rust disease of Perilla frutescens, a plant in Korea, commonly known as Perilla. All rusts are obligate parasites, meaning that they require a living host to complete their life cycle. They generally do not kill the host plant but can severely reduce growth and yield. Food and feed spoilage fungi cause great economic losses worldwide. It is estimated that between 5 and 10% of the world food production is wasted due to fungal deterioration. Rust disease of Perilla is highly frequent and is widely spread in Korea. The present study was designed to investigate a novel media for the urediniospore germination in vitro and anti-rust activity as well as GC-MS analysis of oak pyroligneous liquor. METHOD AND RESULTS: Urediniospores were collected from the infected leaf of Perilla. Spore suspension was made and the suspension was inoculated in the 2% water agar media with proper humidity, then they were incubated at 26℃ for 56 hrs. The GC-MS analysis of the oak pyroligneous liquor was also done to check the chemical composition. GC-MS analysis of the wood vinegar was found 15 compounds, among them o-mthoxyphenol (25.93%), 2,6- dimethoxyphenol (16.06%),4-methylenecyclohexanone (10.69%), 2,3-dihydroxytoluene (7.84%), levoglucosane (6.14%) and propanoic acid (5.32%) were the major components. Different concentration of the oak pyroligneous liquor was used, and spore inhibition was recorded on the basis of spore counting. The best results were noted at the concentration of 50% solution where 31.8% spores were inhibited. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the chemical composition of the oak pyroligneous liquor and the activity recorded we can use it as an anti-rust agent.
( Varun Dewan ),( Suribabu Gudipati ),( Joanna Rooney ),( Adam Lloyd ),( Sanjiv Chugh ),( Ejaz Mughal ) 대한슬관절학회 2023 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.35 No.-
Background Management of patella instability remains a challenge particularly in the presence of trochlea dysplasia. The aim of this study is to assess the recurrence rates of those with patellar instability who have undergone a combined tibial tuberosity transfer (TTT) and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) in the setting of trochlea dysplasia. Methods All skeletally mature patients who underwent combined TTT and MPFLR for recurrent patella instability were identified between January 2009 and December 2019. A retrospective review was conducted, with information regarding re-dislocation/subluxation and complications collected. Results Seventy patients with a mean age 25.3 years were identified and evaluated. Thirteen patients were found to have low-grade dysplasia (Dejour A), with 57 patients having high-grade dysplasia (Dejour B/C/D). No patients in the low,grade dysplasia group suffered a recurrence of their symptoms, with four in the high-grade group suffering episodes of re-dislocation/subluxation. Three patients subsequently underwent a trochleoplasty, with the other patient managed successfully non-operatively. There were a total of 13 complications in 11 patients. Conclusions A combined procedure of MPFLR and TTT can be used to manage patellofemoral instability even in the setting of trochlea dysplasia with a low rate of recurrence. Trochlea dysplasia, however, remains an anatomical risk factor for recurrence and patients should be counselled accordingly. The anatomical risk factors should be assessed in all patients to allow for the development of the most appropriate management plan, of which this combined procedure represents a potentially successful option. Level of Evidence IV (Case Series).
Varun Arvind,Jun S. Kim,Eric K. Oermann,Deepak Kaji,Samuel K. Cho 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.4
Objective: Machine learning algorithms excel at leveraging big data to identify complex patterns that can be used to aid in clinical decision-making. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the performance of machine learning models in predicting postoperative complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods: Artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest decision tree (RF) models were trained on a multicenter data set of patients undergoing ACDF to predict surgical complications based on readily available patient data. Following training, these models were compared to the predictive capability of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification. Results: A total of 20,879 patients were identified as having undergone ACDF. Following exclusion criteria, patients were divided into 14,615 patients for training and 6,264 for testing data sets. ANN and LR consistently outperformed ASA physical status classification in predicting every complication (p<0.05). The ANN outperformed LR in predicting venous thromboembolism, wound complication, and mortality (p<0.05). The SVM and RF models were no better than random chance at predicting any of the postoperative complications (p<0.05). Conclusion: ANN and LR algorithms outperform ASA physical status classification for predicting individual postoperative complications. Additionally, neural networks have greater sensitivity than LR when predicting mortality and wound complications. With the growing size of medical data, the training of machine learning on these large datasets promises to improve risk prognostication, with the ability of continuously learning making them excellent tools in complex clinical scenarios.
Dimension reduction and classification in ECG signal interpretation using FA & PCA: A comparison
VARUN GUPTA,MONIKA MITTAL 장전수학회 2018 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.21 No.4
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the electrical activity of the heart. It consists of P-wave, QRS complex and T-wave. Each beat shows electrical impulse propagation in the heart of the body. Due to higher dimension of ECG signal, its analysis needs dimension reduction tech- niques for pre-processing of the data. In this paper, authors proposed Factor Analysis (FA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for re- ducing dimension of the ECG signal. The choice of its usage depends on problem which is clearly known and specied. Physionet ECG data- base (MIT-BIH long term ECG database, Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia, AHA(American Heart Association) Database) and real time ECG data- base has been used in this paper for checking detector performance using FA and PCA. PCA gave better results than FA. SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is also checked and calculated that is 93.25 dB and 91.25 dB for PCA and FA respectively. Dierent work proposed by dierent authors on ECG signal classification has been compared.