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Investigation of Ionic Transport Through Track-Etched Conical Nanopores of PET Membrane
Sushil Kumar,Rajesh Kumar,Sushil Kumar,Narinder Kumar,S. K. Chakarvarti 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.1
The control of ionic transportation inside the multi asymmetric conical nanopores in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane was investigated. The conical nanopores were prepared by chemical etching in irradiated PET foil using etchant (9 M NaOH) and stopping solution (1 M NaCl + 1 M HCOOH). The behavior of ionic current was recorded under stepping voltage - 2 V to +2 V at different molar concentrations of potassium halides (KCl, KBr and KI) under symmetric bathing condition in electrochemical cell. It is found that the presence of multiple ionic species and the occurrence of counterion condensation of charge regulated polyelectrolyte play an effective role in ionic current rectification (ICR). The electrical conductance of conical nanopores may be estimated by measuring the ionic current rectification properties of track-etched nanopores. The charge transport properties vary with molar concentration and pH of electrolyte. Moreover, ICR may be used as a voltage gating phenomena with wide technological applications.
Iterative approximation of fixed points for strongly pseudo-contractive mappings
Sushil Sharma,Bhavana Deshpande 대한수학회 2002 대한수학회보 Vol.39 No.1
The aim of this paper is to prove a convergence theoremof a generalized Ishikawa iteration sequence for two multi-valuedstrongly pseudo-contractive mappings by using an approximationmethod in real uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We generalize andextend the results of Chang and Chang, Cho, Lee, Jung, and Kang.
Sushil Patkar 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2
Objective: Surgery is indicated for basilar invagination (BI) in symptomatic patients. In many patients, symptoms and signs occur due to an upward-migrated and malaligned odontoid with fixed or mobile atlantoaxial instability. Posterior distraction and fixation of the atlantoaxial joints has evolved to become the standard of care, but has some inherent morbidity. In this study, we propose that the unilateral anterior submandibular retropharyngeal approach with customized wedge-shaped titanium cages inserted into both atlantoaxial joints and anterior atlantoaxial fixation with a plate screw construct is a safer and easier option in many cases of BI. Methods: From February 2014 to February 2019, 52 patients (age range, 15–78 years; 40 males and 12 females) with symptomatic BI with atlantoaxial dislocation and minimal sagittal facetal inclination and only mild Chiari malformation without syringomyelia were offered anterior submandibular retropharyngeal atlantoaxial distraction and fixation surgery. Results: Neurological improvement occurred in 80% of patients, while the neurological status of 20% remained unchanged. No patients worsened, and no major complications or mortality was observed. Conclusion: In properly selected cases of symptomatic BI, anterior wedge cage distraction with anterior atlantoaxial fixation is a safe and simple option.
Recent progress of enzyme cleavable linker in antibody–drug conjugates: sulfatase and phosphatase
Sushil K. Dwivedi,Abhinav Bhise,Rajkumar Subramani,유정수 대한방사성의약품학회 2021 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.7 No.1
Recently, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are used to deliver efficient cytotoxic payloads selectively in cancer cells. In the designing of an ADC, the antibody is connected to a toxic payload via a covalent linker, which helps to solubilizes the typical hydrophobic payload as well as stabilizes the linkage over circulation. The development of the linkers for the antibody drug conjugate is still in demand. Initially, the acid, disulfide, and cathepsin-sensitive ADCs attracted considerable attention for the delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload but suffer from instability in human and mouse plasma with a short half-life. In addition, It also suffer from a solubility issue that induces aggregation, which is the major problem in their development. ADCs associated with sulfatase and phosphatase cleavable linker are highly soluble due to the anionic nature of sulfate and phosphate groups. The ADCs also showed high stability in human and mouse plasma. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, sulfatase and phosphatase cleavable linkers were developed. This review focuses on the recently reported advantages of sulfatase and phosphatase cleavable linkers for ADCs.
RADIUS ESTIMATES OF CERTAIN ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
( Sushil Kumar Pratima Rai ),( Asena C. Etinkaya ) 호남수학회 2021 호남수학학술지 Vol.43 No.4
Numerical techniques are used to determine the radius of convexity of the starlike functions related to cardioid shaped bounded domain. In addition, radius constants of certain starlikeness associated with right half plane of various starlike functions are computed.
Sushil Sharma,Bhavana Deshpande,Rashmi Tiwari 한국수학교육학회 2008 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.15 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to prove some common ¯xed point theo- rems for ¯nite number of discontinuous, noncompatible mappings on noncomplete Menger spaces. Our results extend, improve and generalize several known results in Menger spaces. We give formulas for total number of commutativity conditions for ¯nite number of mappings.
Common Fixed Point in Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Sushil Sharma,Jayesh K. Tiwari 한국수학교육학회 2005 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.12 No.1
In this paper we prove common ¯xed point theorems for three mappings under the condition of weak compatible mappings, without taking any function continuous in fuzzy metric space and then extend this result to fuzzy 2-metric space and fuzzy 3-metric space
On the learning machine with compensatory aggregation based neurons in quaternionic domain
Sushil Kumar,Bipin Kumar Tripathi 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.1
The nonlinear spatial grouping process of synapses is one of the fascinating methodologies for neuro-computing researchers to achieve the computational power of a neuron. Generally, researchers use neu-ron models that are based on summation (linear), product (linear) or radial basis (nonlinear) aggregation for the processing of synapses, to construct multi-layered feed-forward neural networks, but all these neuron models and their corresponding neural networks have their advantages or disadvantages. The multi-layered network generally uses for accomplishing the global approximation of input–output map-ping but sometimes getting stuck into local minima, while the nonlinear radial basis function (RBF) net-work is based on exponentially decaying that uses for local approximation to input–output mapping. Their advantages and disadvantages motivated to design two new artificial neuron models based on com-pensatory aggregation functions in the quaternionic domain. The net internal potentials of these neuron models are developed with the compositions of basic summation (linear) and radial basis (nonlinear) operations on quaternionic-valued input signals. The neuron models based on these aggregation func-tions ensure faster convergence, better training, and prediction accuracy. The learning and generalization capabilities of these neurons are verified through various three-dimensional transformations and time series predictions as benchmark problems.
( Sushil Devkota ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2018 BMB Reports Vol.51 No.9
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and to a lesser extent, the error-free pathway known as homology-directed repair (HDR) are cellular mechanisms for recovery from double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) induced by RNA-guided programmable nuclease CRISPR/Cas. Since NHEJ is equivalent to using a duck tape to stick two pieces of metals together, the outcome of this repair mechanism is prone to error. Any out-of-frame mutations or premature stop codons resulting from NHEJ repair mechanism are extremely handy for loss-of-function studies. Substitution of a mutation on the genome with the correct exogenous repair DNA requires coordination via an error-free HDR, for targeted transgenesis. However, several practical limitations exist in harnessing the potential of HDR to replace a faulty mutation for therapeutic purposes in all cell types and more so in somatic cells. In germ cells after the DSB, copying occurs from the homologous chromosome, which increases the chances of incorporation of exogenous DNA with some degree of homology into the genome compared with somatic cells where copying from the identical sister chromatid is always preferred. This review summarizes several strategies that have been implemented to increase the frequency of HDR with a focus on somatic cells. It also highlights the limitations of this technology in gene therapy and suggests specific solutions to circumvent those barriers. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(9): 437-443]