Restriction of Metabolizable Energy in Broiler Growers and Its Impact on Grower and Breeder Performance

Sunder, G. Skyam,Kumar, Ch. Vijaya,Panda, A.K.,Raju, M.V.L.N.,Rao, S.V. Rama,Gopinath, N.C.S.,Reddy, M.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.8

Metabolizable energy (ME) required for basal metabolism, activity and growth was considered as the criterion for targeting specific increases in body weight (100 g/week) of broiler chicks during the grower phase (5-20 weeks) and its impact was evaluated on breeder performance. Broiler female chicks (460) from a synthetic dam line were randomly distributed to 4 test groups with 23 replicates of 5 birds each and housed in cages. The first group (ME-100) was offered a calculated amount of ME by providing a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) which increased with age and weight gain (133-294 kcal/bird/day). The other three groups were offered 10 or 20% less ME (ME-90 and ME-80, respectively) and 10% excess ME (ME-110) over the control group (ME-100). From 21 weeks of age, a single breeder diet (170 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was uniformly fed to all groups and the impact of grower ME restriction on breeder performance evaluated up to 58 weeks. The targeted body weight gain of 1,600 g in a 16-week period was achieved by pullets of the ME-100 group almost one week earlier by gaining 8.7 g more weight per week. However, pullets in the ME-90 group gained 1,571 g during the same period, which was closer to the targeted weight. At 20 weeks of age, the conversion efficiency of feed (5.21-5.37), ME (13.9-14.1 kcal/g weight gain) and protein (0.847-0.871 g/g weight gain), eviscerated meat yield, giblet and tibia weights were not influenced by ME restriction, but the weights of abdominal fat and liver were higher with increased ME intake. Reduction of ME by 10% in the grower period significantly delayed sexual maturity (169.3 d), but increased egg production (152.5 /bird) with better persistency. Improved conversion efficiency of feed, ME and protein per g egg content were also observed in this group up to 56 weeks. The fertility and hatchability at 58 weeks of age were higher in the ME-90 group compared to the control and 10% excess ME feeding. In conclusion, the present study revealed the possibility of achieving targeted weight gain in broiler growers by feeding measured quantities of ME during the rearing period with consequential benefits in breeder performance.

Effect of Measured Energy Restriction and Age Intervals on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Parameters, Bone Characteristics and Stress in Broiler Breeders during the Rearing Period

Sunder, G. Shyam,Kumar, Ch. Vijaya,Panda, A.K.,Gopinath, N.C.S.,Raju, M.V.L.N.,Rao, S.V. Rama,Reddy, M.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.7

This study aimed at targeting fixed increases in body weight (100 g/wk) by quantitatively regulating energy allowances (ME) in broiler breeders from 5 to 20 wks of age. Four energy regimes were tested: 1. The energy required for maintenance, activity and growth was calculated for 100 g increases in body weight/wk and a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was offered to the control group (ME-100) to achieve the anticipated weight gain. The energy allowances increased with age from 132 to 294 kcal/d. 2. Additionally, three energy regimes were considered, quantitatively reducing ME by 10% (ME-90) or 20% (ME-80) and increasing by10% (ME-110) over the control group. Each test group had 23 replicates5 female chicks housed in cages. The influence of energy regimes and age on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass attributes, bone parameters and stress was evaluated at 4 wk intervals. Quantitative ME restriction by 10% (119-265 kcal/d) produced an average weight gain of 98.1 g/wk, which was closer to the targeted increase of 100 g/wk, whereas the control group attained it nine days earlier. Restriction of energy by 10 or 20% produced better conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P than 10% excess ME. Energy regimes did not influence eviscerated meat yield, but higher energy allowances (ME-110) significantly increased abdominal fat pad and liver weights and decreased giblet weight, percent muscle protein and tibia ash. Relatively higher stress was recorded in ME-restricted groups, as reflected by wider heterophil and lymphocyte ratios and increased bursa weight. Early age (5-12 wk) significantly influenced bone mineralization, conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P, while later ages (13-20 wk) increased eviscerated meat yield, abdominal fat, tibia weight and muscle protein and reduced stress. Energy regime x age interactions were significant and are discussed. In conclusion, the synthetic broiler line used in our study responded positively to controlled energy feeding during the rearing period. Breeders offered 119-265 kcal/d, a reduction of 10% energy over the control group, were more effective in regulating grower performance than the latter. In addition to energy regimes, age intervals also exhibited significant influence on specific parameters during the grower phase.

A New Framework for Predicting Activities using LocoAct Relationships

Sunder Ali Khowaja,Bernardo Nugroho Yahya,Seok-Lyong Lee 한국경영과학회 2018 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04

Evaluation of Features for classifying low-level human activities on larger datasets

Sunder Ali Khowaja(선더 알리 코와자),Bernardo Nugroho Yahya(베르나르도 누그로호 야흐야),Seok-Lyong Lee(이석룡) 한국정보과학회 2016 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

A New Framework for Predicting Activities using LocoAct Relationships

Sunder Ali Khowaja,Bernardo Nugroho Yahya,Seok-Lyong Lee 대한산업공학회 2018 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.4

Contextual activity based Healthcare Internet of Things, Services, and People (HIoTSP): An architectural framework for healthcare monitoring using wearable sensors

Khowaja, Sunder Ali,Prabono, Aria Ghora,Setiawan, Feri,Yahya, Bernardo Nugroho,Lee, Seok-Lyong Elsevier 2018 COMPUTER NETWORKS - Vol.145 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Healthcare industry is gaining a lot of attention due to its technological advancement and the miniaturization in the form of wearable sensors. IoT-driven healthcare industry has mainly focused on the integration of sensors rather than the integration of services and people. Nonetheless, the framework for IoT-driven healthcare applications are significantly lacking. In addition, the use of semantics for ontological reasoning and the integration of mobile applications into a single framework have also been ignored in many existing studies. This work presents the implementation of Healthcare Internet of Things, Services, and People (HIoTSP) framework using wearable sensor technology. It is designed to achieve the low-cost (consumer devices), the easiness to use (interface), and the pervasiveness (wearable sensors) for healthcare monitoring along with the integration of services and agents like doctors or caregivers. The proposed framework provides the functionalities for data acquisition from wearable sensors, contextual activity recognition, automatic selection of services and applications, user interface, and value-added services such as alert generation, recommendations, and visualization. We used the publicly available dataset, PAMAP2 which is a physical activity monitoring dataset, for deriving the contextual activity. Fall and stress detection services are implemented as case studies for validating the realization of the proposed framework. Experimental analysis shows that we achieve, 87.16% accuracy for low-level contextual activities and 84.06%–86.36% for high-level contextual activities, respectively. We also achieved 91.68% and 82.93% accuracies for fall and stress detection services, respectively. The result is quite satisfactory, considering that all these services have been implemented using pervasive devices with the low-sampling rate. The real-time applicability of the proposed framework is validated by performing the response time analysis for both the services. We also provide suggestions to cope with the scalability and security issues using the HIoTSP framework and we intend to implement those suggestions in our future work.</P>

Experiment and Theory Reveal the Fundamental Difference between Two-State and Single-State Reactivity Patterns in Nonheme Fe^IV&n.dbond;O versus Ru^IV&n.dbond;O Oxidants

Dhuri, Sunder N.,Seo, Mi Sook,Lee, Yong-Min,Hirao, Hajime,Wang, Yong,Nam, Wonwoo,Shaik, Sason WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Angewandte Chemie. international edition Vol.47 No.18

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Two-state reactivity involving close triplet ground and quintet excited states is responsible for the opposite reactivity trends of Fe<SUP>IV</SUP> oxo complexes in O-transfer and H-abstraction reactions in dependence on the electron richness of the axial ligand X (see picture), as shown by comparison with Ru<SUP>IV</SUP> analogues, in which both reactivities are solely governed by the electrophilicity of the complex because the quintet state is inaccessible. <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2008-47-18-ANIE200705880-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2008-47-18-ANIE200705880-content'> </P>

Influence of Energy Restriction and Pre-incubation Holding Period of Eggs on Fertility and Hatchability in Aged Broiler Breeders

Shyam Sunder, G.,Vijaya Kumar, Ch.,Panda, A.K.,Rama Rao, S.V.,Raju, M.V.L.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.2

The effects of controlled energy restriction and duration of pre-incubation egg holding on fertility, hatchability and hatch losses were evaluated in aged broiler breeders (64 wk). The energy (ME) required for maintenance, activity, growth and anticipated egg production was calculated and offered to a control group (283-471 kcal/kg) from 21-64 weeks of age. In three other groups, ME was quantitatively reduced either by 20% (SER; severe energy restriction) or 10% (MER; moderate energy restriction) and increased by10% (EEF; excess energy feeding) over the control group (CER; controlled energy restriction). Each diet was offered to 130 pullets in individual cages, and the quantity of ME increased with age. At the end of 64 weeks, fertile eggs were collected from each dietary group for 11 consecutive days and grouped under 4 holding periods based on the length of storage (2, 5, 8 or 11 d). The influence of energy regimes, egg holding intervals and their interaction was evaluated on fertility, hatch losses and hatchability. Broiler breeders maintained on SER regime (231-419 kcal/d) produced maximum number of eggs (993) followed by MER (819), CER (624) and EEF (438) during the 11-day period. The percent fertility and hatchability was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) higher in SER and MER groups compared to CER and EEF. However, energy regimes did not influence the loss in egg weight during pre-incubation storage, shell weight, shell thickness or hatch losses as dead germs and dead in shell. The improvement in hatchability in SER and MER groups appeared to be closely related to higher fertility and lower embryonic mortality. Holding of eggs for 11 days showed a linear loss in egg weight with the length of storage, but did not influence the fertility and hatch losses. The percent hatchability on eggs set was maximum when storage period was restricted to 5 days. The interaction between energy regimes and egg holding periods exhibited better hatchability results with SER regime when eggs were held for 5 days. Response to MER was not different from SER. It was obvious that energy restriction during production period had a positive influence on egg number, fertility and hatchability in aged breeders. At 64 weeks of age, holding of fertile eggs for 5 days prior to incubation was adequate for optimum hatchability in breeders.

Interplay of Experiment and Theory in Elucidating Mechanisms of Oxidation Reactions by a Nonheme Ru^IVO Complex

Dhuri, Sunder N.,Cho, Kyung-Bin,Lee, Yong-Min,Shin, Sun Young,Kim, Jin Hwa,Mandal, Debasish,Shaik, Sason,Nam, Wonwoo American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.26

<P>A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the reactivity patterns and reaction mechanisms in alkane hydroxylation, olefin epoxidation, cyclohexene oxidation, and sulfoxidation reactions by a mononuclear nonheme ruthenium(IV)-oxo complex, [Ru-IV(O)(terpy)-(bpm)](2+) (1), has been conducted. In alkane hydroxylation (i.e., oxygen rebound vs oxygen non-rebound mechanisms), both the experimental and theoretical results show that the substrate radical formed via a rate-determining H atom abstraction of alkanes by 1 prefers dissociation over oxygen rebound and desaturation processes. In the oxidation of olefins by 1, the observations of a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value of 1 and styrene oxide formation lead us to conclude that an epoxidation reaction via oxygen atom transfer (OAT) from the (RuO)-O-IV complex to the C=C double bond is the dominant pathway. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the epoxidation reaction is a two-step, two-spin-state process. In contrast, the oxidation of cyclohexene by 1 affords products derived from allylic C-H bond oxidation, with a high KIE value of 38(3). The preference for H atom abstraction over C=C double bond epoxidation in the oxidation of cyclohexene by 1 is elucidated by DFT calculations, which show that the energy barrier for C-H activation is 4.5 kcal mol(-1) lower than the energy barrier for epoxidation. In the oxidation of sulfides, sulfoxidation by the electrophilic Ru-oxo group of 1 occurs via a direct OAT mechanism, and DFT calculations show that this is a two-spin-state reaction in which the transition state is the lowest in the S = 0 state.</P>

Experiment and Theory Reveal the Fundamental Difference between Two-State and Single-State Reactivity Patterns in Nonheme Fe^IV&n.dbond;O versus Ru^IV&n.dbond;O Oxidants

Dhuri, Sunder N.,Seo, Mi Sook,Lee, Yong-Min,Hirao, Hajime,Wang, Yong,Nam, Wonwoo,Shaik, Sason WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Angewandte Chemie Vol.120 No.18

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Zwei reaktive Zustände, ein Triplett-Grundzustand und ein nur wenig höher liegender angeregter Quintettzustand, führen – je nach den elektronischen Verhältnissen des axialen Liganden X – zu entgegengesetzten Reaktivitäten von Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>-Oxokomplexen in O-Transfer- und H-Abstraktionsreaktionen (siehe Bild). Bei den Ru<SUP>IV</SUP>-Analoga werden beide Reaktivitäten dagegen einzig durch die Elektrophilie des Komplexes bestimmt, da der Quintettzustand nicht verfügbar ist. <img src='wiley_img/00448249-2008-120-18-ANGE200705880-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/00448249-2008-120-18-ANGE200705880-content'> </P>