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Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Bambusa arudinacea Retz
Vishal Soni,Arvind Kumar Jha,Jaya Dwivedi,Priyanka Soni 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2013 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.3 No.3
Bambusa arundinacea family Graminae, is one of the precious plant resources of the earth. It has played a significant role in human civilization since ancient times. It is tall sized tree growing throughout India, moist parts of India. It also occurs in Sri Lanka, Malaya, Peru and Myanmar. The different parts of this plant contain silica, cholin, betain, cynogenetic glycosides, albuminoids, oxalic acid, reducing sugar, resins, waxes, benzoic acid, arginine, cysteine, histidine, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, protein, gluteline, contains lysine, methionine, betain, cholin, proteolytic enzyme, nuclease, urease. Various parts of this plant such as leaf, root, shoot and seed possess anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anthelmintic, antifertility, antibacterial, insectisidal, antiarthritic, vessele protection etc. This review mainly focuses on the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological information of Bambusa arundinacea.
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Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Bauhinia racemosa Lam - a review
Vishal Soni,Arvind Kumar Jha,Jaya Dwivedi,Priyanka Soni 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 TANG Vol.5 No.4
Bahunia racemosa family, Caesalpiniaceae, is one of the precious resources of the earth. It has played a significant role in human civilization since ancient times. It is tall sized tree growing throughout India, Ceylon, China, and Timor. The different part of this plant contains β-sitosterol and β-amyrin, flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin) and two coumarins (scopoletin and scopolin), tannins etc. Various part of this plant has great pharmacological potential with a great utility and usage as folklore medicine as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antimicrobial activity. This review mainly focus on the exclusive review work on the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of this plant.
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Sony Shrestha,Yoonseong Park,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the committed catalytic step of eicosanoid biosynthesis, which has been a common molecular target of several entomopathogens to induce insect immunosuppression. Despite critical importance of PLA2 in insect immunity, its gene structure was not known. This study identified insect PLA2 gene associated with immune reactions in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Based on a previous study that an immune-associated PLA2 in insect is secretory type of PLA2 (sPLA2), five highly matched cDNA sequences were obtained from T. castaneum genome database using an sPLA2 sequence probe encoded in Drosophila melanogaster. The expressions of these five putative PLA2 were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Out of five genes, one PLA2 gene called TcPLA2B was chosen because it showed specific expression in hemocyte and fat body. TcPLA2B was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and its protein was purified. The purified TcPLA2B showed PLA2enzyme activity, which was specifically inhibited by bromophenacyl bromide (a specific sPLA2inhibitor) and dithiothreitol (reducing agent of disulfide bond). It was sensitive to pH (optimum at pH 6.0) and reaction temperature (optimum at 10-30°C), and calcium dependency. An immunofluorescence assay indicated that TcPLA2B was localized near to cellular membrane of the cytosol in the hemocytes of T. castaneum at immune chanlenge. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of TcPLA2B-treated larvae showed knockdown of its mRNA expression and did not form hemocyte nodule formation, while control larvae could exhibit time- and bacterial dose-dependent nodule formation in response to bacterial challenge. Addition of arachidonic acid (the catalytic product of PLA2) to the dsRNA-treated larvae rescued the inhibition of nodule formation. These results suggest that TcPLA2B gene is associated with insect immune reaction.
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A weighted Fourier series with signed good kernels
Sony Chan,임경수 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회보 Vol.54 No.3
It is natural to try to find a kernel such that its convolution of integrable functions converges faster than that of the Fej\'er kernel. In this paper, we introduce a weighted Fourier partial sums which are written as the convolution of signed good kernels and prove that the weighted Fourier partial sum converges in $L^2$ much faster than that of the Ces\`aro means. In addition, we present two numerical experiments.
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Sony Shrestha,김용균 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.3
Two entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata (Ptt) and Xenorhabdus nematophila (Xn), are symbiotically associated with the nematodes, Heterorhabdis megidis and Steinernema carpocapsae,respectively. There is little information on natural host ranges of the nematodes, but a significant difference in pathogenicity was observed between these two bacteria against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, in which Ptt exhibited more than six times higher pathogenicity than Xn. The pathogenic difference was not due to their inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2 activity that is required for expression of immune response of T. castaneum. The culture broths of both bacterial species had insecticidal activities when injected into the hemocoel. When the bacterial culture broths were fractionated into aqueous and organic extracts, most insecticidal activity remained in the aqueous extracts. The aqueous extracts of two bacteria contained proteins which showed different profiles.
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Oenocytoid cell lysis to release prophenoloxidase is induced by eicosanoid via protein kinase C
Sony Shrestha,김용균 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.4
Eicosanoids mediate insect cellular immune responses, which depend largely on phenoloxidase (PO) activity. In plasma, PO is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of proPO, which is stored in oenocytoids, a specific hemocyte type, of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Eicosanoids induce an acute cell lysis of oenocytoids, which releases proPO into the plasma. We investigated an intracellular signal pathway following a functional interaction of eicosanoid(s) to a putative membrane receptor. U-73122 (a specific inhibitor of phospholipase C) inhibited oenocytoid lysis of S. exigua significantly after bacterial infection. We concluded that oenocytoid lysis required a certain level of calcium ion because EGTA (a calcium chelator) treatment inhibited cell lysis. Two protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (staurosporine and calphostin C) significantly inhibited the oenocytoid lysis. Oenocytoid lysis was likely induced by Na+ entry and subsequent osmotic shock because juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, which activates Na+-K+ ATPase and induces subsequent cell shrinkage, antagonized the effect of eicosaniod on cell lysis. Furthermore, ouabain (a specific Na+ pump inhibitor) significantly inhibited oenocytoid lysis. These results suggest that eicosanoid mediates oenocytoid lysis by activating the intracellular PKC pathway. Eicosanoids mediate insect cellular immune responses, which depend largely on phenoloxidase (PO) activity. In plasma, PO is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of proPO, which is stored in oenocytoids, a specific hemocyte type, of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Eicosanoids induce an acute cell lysis of oenocytoids, which releases proPO into the plasma. We investigated an intracellular signal pathway following a functional interaction of eicosanoid(s) to a putative membrane receptor. U-73122 (a specific inhibitor of phospholipase C) inhibited oenocytoid lysis of S. exigua significantly after bacterial infection. We concluded that oenocytoid lysis required a certain level of calcium ion because EGTA (a calcium chelator) treatment inhibited cell lysis. Two protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (staurosporine and calphostin C) significantly inhibited the oenocytoid lysis. Oenocytoid lysis was likely induced by Na+ entry and subsequent osmotic shock because juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, which activates Na+-K+ ATPase and induces subsequent cell shrinkage, antagonized the effect of eicosaniod on cell lysis. Furthermore, ouabain (a specific Na+ pump inhibitor) significantly inhibited oenocytoid lysis. These results suggest that eicosanoid mediates oenocytoid lysis by activating the intracellular PKC pathway.
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Soni Saurbh,Kumar Surjeet 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3
Efficacy of Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was determined by studying its biological and behavioural attributes on the aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Total developmental duration of the parasitoid was longer in younger instars compared to that in older instars of aphid. Host age negatively affected the oviposition period and fecundity of the ovipositing parasitoid. Survival of the immatures was higher in older than the younger instars of the aphid. Sex ratio for the parasitoid was female-biased. Longevity of female parasitoid was higher while parasitizing aphid nymphs of younger age groups (1–2 days old) compared to that of older age groups (4–5 days old). Parasitoid showed a higher preference towards second instar of M. persicae both in choice and no-choice tests. Results on mutual interference revealed that per capita searching efficiency decreased from 0.91 to 0.07 as parasitoid densities increased from 1 to 8. Logistic regression exhibited a type II functional response for D. rapae. The estimated values of search-efficiency (a) and handling time (T h ) were 0.038 h − 1 and 1.59 h, respectively. The maximum parasitization rate was 15.08. This investi gation suggests that D. rapae could be an effective candidate for augmentative biological control of M. persicae which infests several plant species of economic importance.
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Sony Maharjan,박병권,이수인,임융호,이근욱,이영희,권형주 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.2
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death due to a poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Gomisin G on colon cancer growth and examined the underlying mechanism of action. We found that Gomisin G significantly suppressed the viability and colony formation of LoVo cells. Gomisin G reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT implying that Gomisin G suppressed the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Gomisin G also induced apoptosis shown by Annexin V staining and an increased level of cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and Caspase-3 proteins. Furthermore, Gomisin G remarkably triggered the accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase which represents apoptotic cells. In addition, the level of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) was also reduced by the treatment with Gomisin G thus curtailing cell cycle progression. These findings show the suppressive effect of Gomisin G by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in LoVo cells. Taken together, these results suggest Gomisin G could be developed as a potential therapeutic compound against colon cancer.
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