DMNQ S-64 Induces Apoptosis via Caspase Activation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in Human Nonsmall Lung Cancer Cells

LIM, E.-S.,RHEE, Y.-H.,PARK, M.-K.,SHIM, B.-S.,AHN, K.-S.,KANG, H.,YOO, H.-S.,KIM, S.-H. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2007 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1095 No.1

<P>Shikonin has been reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. 6-(1-propoxyiminoalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxyoxy 1,4-naphtoquinone S-64 (DMNQ S-64) was synthesized as a shikonin derivative. In this article, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of DMNQ S-64 was examined. DMNQ S-64 exerted cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma cells with IC(50) of 27.3 microM. Apoptotic bodies were observed in DMNQ S-64-treated A549 cells by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assay. DMNQ S-64 also increased sub-G1 DNA portion in a concentration-dependent manner by flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting has revealed that DMNQ S-64 effectively activates the expression of caspase 8, 9, and 3, cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, cytochrome c was released in a concentration-dependent manner by DMNQ S-64. Similarly, DMNQ S-64 significantly increased caspase 3 activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It also significantly inhibited the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) by ELISA and downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, DMNQ S-64 may exhibit cytotoxicity against A549 cells via caspase activation and COX-2 inhibition.</P>

Predicting temporal shifts in the spring occurrence of overwintered Scotinophara lurida (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and rice phenology in Korea with climate change

Lee, H.,Kang, W. S.,Ahn, M. I.,Cho, K.,Lee, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 International journal of biometeorology Vol.60 No.1

<P>Climate change could shift the phenology of insects and plants and alter their linkage in space and time. We examined the synchrony of rice and its insect pest, Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister), under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario by comparing the mean spring immigration time of overwintered S. lurida with the mean rice transplanting times in Korea. The immigration time of S. lurida was estimated using an overwintered adult flight model. The rice transplanting time of three cultivars (early, medium, and medium-late maturing) was estimated by forecasting the optimal cultivation period using leaf appearance and final leaf number models. A temperature increase significantly advanced the 99 % immigration time of S. lurida from Julian day 192.1 in the 2000s to 178.4 in the 2050s and 163.1 in the 2090s. In contrast, rice transplanting time was significantly delayed in the early-maturing cultivar from day 141.2 in the 2000s to 166.7 in the 2050s and 190.6 in the 2090s, in the medium-maturing cultivar from day 130.6 in the 2000s to 156.6 in the 2050s and 184.7 in the 2090s, and in the medium-late maturing cultivar from day 128.5 in 2000s to 152.9 in the 2050s and 182.3 in the 2090s. These simulation results predict a significant future phenological asynchrony between S. lurida and rice in Korea.</P>

Cold stress causes rapid but differential changes in properties of plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase of camelina and rapeseed

Kim, H.S.,Oh, J.M.,Luan, S.,Carlson, J.E.,Ahn, S.J. G. Fischer 2013 Journal of plant physiology Vol.170 No.9

Camelina (Camelina sativa) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) are well-established oil-seed crops with great promise also for biofuels. Both are cold-tolerant, and camelina is regarded to be especially appropriate for production on marginal lands. We examined physiological and biochemical alterations in both species during cold stress treatment for 3 days and subsequent recovery at the temperature of 25<SUP>o</SUP>C for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 24h, with particular emphasis on the post-translational regulation of the plasma membrane (PM) H<SUP>+</SUP>-ATPase (EC3.6.3.14). The activity and translation of the PM H<SUP>+</SUP>-ATPase, as well as 14-3-3 proteins, increased after 3 days of cold stress in both species but recovery under normal conditions proceeded differently. The increase in H<SUP>+</SUP>-ATPase activity was the most dramatic in camelina roots after recovery for 2h at 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, followed by decay to background levels within 24h. In rapeseed, the change in H<SUP>+</SUP>-ATPase activity during the recovery period was less pronounced. Furthermore, H<SUP>+</SUP>-pumping increased in both species after 15min recovery, but to twice the level in camelina roots compared to rapeseed. Protein gel blot analysis with phospho-threonine anti-bodies showed that an increase in phosphorylation levels paralleled the increase in H<SUP>+</SUP>-transport rate. Thus our results suggest that cold stress and recovery in camelina and rapeseed are associated with PM H<SUP>+</SUP>-fluxes that may be regulated by specific translational and post-translational modifications.

Electrochemical analysis on the growth of oxide formed on stainless steels in molten carbonate at 650 ^oC

Ahn, S.,Oh, K.,Kim, M.,Youn, J.,Jo, K.,Kim, K.,Kwon, H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.23

The oxide growth on stainless steel (SS) 310S and 316L, used as a cathode current collector material of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), were examined in the mixture of 62 mol% Li<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>-38 mol% K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> at 650 <SUP>o</SUP>C by measuring the change in corrosion potential and potentiodynamic response of the alloys and also in terms of impedance analysis on the alloy|oxide layer|electrolyte system. The corrosion potential of SS 316L was in an active region for 12 h-immersion, whereas that of SS 310S drastically increased after 6 h-immersion due to an active to passive transition. The corrosion rate of the two SSs decreased with immersion due to the growth of protective oxide. However, the decrease in the corrosion rate of SS 310S is much greater than that of SS 316L. The oxide formed on the two SSs was found to be duplex layer, composed of inner Cr enriched oxide and outer Fe enriched oxide. However, the inner Cr enriched layer of 310S is more clearly separated from the outer Fe enriched layer than that of SS 316L due primarily to the higher Cr content in SS 310S. The drastic increase in the corrosion potential of SS 310S after 6 h-immersion is closely associated with the growth of the inner Cr enriched oxide layer. The corrosion resistance of SS depends dominantly on the resistance of the inner Cr enriched oxide that is determined form the impedance analysis on the alloy|oxide layer|electrolyte system. The higher corrosion resistance of SS 310S compared with SS 316L results from the more protective inner Cr enriched oxide layer, as confirmed by its higher resistance associated with the higher Cr content in SS 310S.

A phase II study of S-1 monotherapy administered for 2 weeks of a 3-week cycle in advanced gastric cancer patients with poor performance status

Jeung, H-C,Rha, S Y,Shin, S J,Ahn, J B,Noh, S H,Roh, J K,Chung, H C Nature Publishing Group 2007 The British journal of cancer Vol.97 No.4

<P>Systemic chemotherapy for gastric cancer is often associated with treatment-related toxicity, which is particularly severe in patients with a poor performance status. In this paper, we describe the first study to evaluate S-1 monotherapy as an option for advanced gastric cancer patients who are not candidates for combination chemotherapy due to poor clinical condition. Fifty-two patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scale 2–3, whose general condition had made use of combination chemotherapy impossible, were enrolled. S-1 was administered to 30 patients as second- or third-line therapy. The initial dose of S-1 was 35 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>, administered b.i.d for 14 days every 3 weeks. With a median follow-up period of 33 weeks, the median progression-free survival, and overall survival were 11 weeks (95% CI, 8–14) and 33 weeks (95% CI, 19–47), respectively. The overall 1-year survival rate was 29% by intent-to-treat analysis. The overall response rate was 12% (95% CI, 3–21), and the percentage of stable disease was 35%, resulting in the disease control rate of 47% (95% CI, 32–60). Significant drug-related toxicity included grade 3 diarrhoea (14%), anorexia (14%), fatigue (10%), neutropenia (10%), and leucopenia (6%). In conclusion, this study indicated the modest activity of S-1 in gastric cancer patients with poor performance status.</P>

The microRNA miR-124 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4)

Choe, N.,Kwon, D. H.,Shin, S.,Kim, Y. S.,Kim, Y. K.,Kim, J.,Ahn, Y.,Eom, G. H.,Kook, H. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2017 FEBS letters Vol.591 No.7

<P>S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We aimed to find the microRNA regulating S100A4 expression. S100A4 transcripts are abruptly increased in the acute phase of carotid arterial injury 1 day later (at day 1) but gradually decreases at days 7 and 14. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that miR-124 targets S100A4. VSMC survival is attenuated by miR-124 mimic but increased by miR-124 inhibitor. miR-124 decreases immediately after carotid arterial injury but dramatically increases at days 7 and 14. miR-124 inhibitor-induced cell proliferation is blocked by S100A4 siRNA, whereas miR-124-induced cell death is recovered by S100A4. Our findings suggest that miR-124 is a novel regulator of VSMC proliferation and may play a role in the development of neointimal proliferation.</P>

20대 여성의 데이트폭력 피해 경험과 우울, 불안 및 신체화의 관계

김수민,김예진,김유정,남지현,박금빈,박이준,안혜민,오세연,유가현,유다현,전예지,김옥수,길민지 이화여자대학교간호학회 2020 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.54

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of date violence damage, depression, anxiety, and somatization among women in their 20s who had experienced date violence, and to investigate the correlations b etween the subjects’ experience of date violence damage and depression, anxiety and somatization. Method: The subject of this study were collected from September 04 to October 13, 2019, by posting advertisements on the women’s university community site in Seoul and a representative women;s community site on the Internet. 149 subjects were collected in their 20s who had experienced date violence from their partners. SPSS statistics 22.0 statistical program was used for data analysis, and standard deviation, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed. Result: The results showed that the degree of experience of date violence was significantly correlated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. Conclusion: Since there was correlations b etween depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in date violence victims, it is necessary to apply nursing intervention related to depression and anxiety to prevent somatization symptoms caused by date violence.

스티렌 - 디비닐벤젠 고분자 담체의 표면특성 조절

이성호,백승우,강희석,이한수,정흥석,안도희,김광락 한국공업화학회 1997 응용화학 Vol.1 No.2

This study represents the synthetic characteristics of styrene-DVB copolymer which is used as a catalyst support for tritium removal from Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors. To evaluate the effect of solvent ratio on the styrene-DVB polymeric support, the surface properties of polymeric supports made from various composition of solvents were analyzed. The polymeric catalyst with principal pore diameter of 40Å has higher H/Pt value in H₂ chemisoption experiment than that with principal pore diameters of 40Å and 200Å. It was confirmed that the pore size distribution of polymeric support depends on the various composition of solvents.

Therapeutic potential of compound K as an IKK inhibitor with implications for osteoarthritis prevention: an in silico and in vitro study

Kang, S.,Siddiqi, M. H.,Yoon, S. J.,Ahn, S.,Noh, H. Y.,Kumar, N. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Yang, D. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 In vitro cellular & developmental biology Animal Vol.52 No.9

<P>Ginsenosides have been used traditionally as an oriental medicine. However, the anti-osteoarthritic effect of ginsenoside compound K (hereafter referred to as CK) has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the protective effects of CK were evaluated in silico and in vitro using H2O2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells by measuring the levels of proinflammatory cytokines responsible for articular cartilage degradation. In silico results demonstrated that, among the selected ginsenosides, CK is a non-toxic drug-like molecule with strong binding affinity for selected cytokine-activated kinase such as IkB alpha kinase (IKK). The molecular binding energy of CK with the active sites of IKK suggests anti-osteoarthritic functions. Cultured H2O2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells that were exposed to CK showed dramatically increased expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen (Col-I) content, and mineralization. During aging, H2O2 also leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), which play important roles in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the effect of CK on ROS and NO generation was also examined. Our results showed that CK dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced ROS and NO production in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, qRT-PCR data showed that CK increased expression of osteogenic markers such as ALP and Col-I but decreased expression of inflammatory-related genes including IKK and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in a dose-dependent manner in H2O2-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. The findings of this study suggest the use of CK as a novel protective and therapeutic agent in AO.</P>

Decreased Catalase Expression and Increased Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in Primary Cultured Corneal Fibroblasts from Patients with Granular Corneal Dystrophy Type II

Choi, S.i.,Kim, T.i.,Kim, K.S.,Kim, B.Y.,Ahn, S.y.,Cho, H.j.,Lee, H.K.,Cho, H.S.,Kim, E.K. American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriol 2009 The American journal of pathology Vol.175 No.1

Granular corneal dystrophy type II (GCD II) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by age-dependent progressive accumulation of transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp) deposits in the corneal stroma. Several studies have suggested that corneal fibroblasts may decline with age in response to oxidative stress. To investigate whether oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of GCD II, we assayed antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage, and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species-induced cell death in primary cultured corneal fibroblasts (PCFs) from GCD II patients and healthy subjects. We found elevated protein levels of Mn-superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, as well as increased CAT mRNA and decreased catalase protein in GCD II PCFs. Furthermore, catalase is down-regulated in normal PCFs transfected with transforming growth factor-β-induced gene-h3. We also observed an increase in not only intracellular reactive oxygen species and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> levels, but also malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyls levels in GCD II PCFs. Greater immunoreactivity for malondialdehyde was observed in the corneal tissue of GCD II patients. In addition, we observed a decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels and an increase in Bax and Bok levels in GCD II PCFs. Finally, GCD II PCFs are more susceptible to H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced cell death. Together, these results suggest that oxidative damage induced by decreased catalase is involved in GCD II pathogenesis, and antioxidant agents represent a possible treatment strategy.