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Smart Real-Time Video Surveillance Platform for Drowsiness Detection Based on Eyelid Closure
Tayab Khan, Muhammad,Anwar, Hafeez,Ullah, Farman,Ur Rehman, Ata,Ullah, Rehmat,Iqbal, Asif,Lee, Bok-Hee,Kwak, Kyung Sup WILEY INTERSCIENCE 2019 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.2019 No.-
<P>We propose drowsiness detection in real-time surveillance videos by determining if a person’s eyes are open or closed. As a first step, the face of the subject is detected in the image. In the detected face, the eyes are localized and filtered with an extended Sobel operator to detect the curvature of the eyelids. Once the curves are detected, concavity is used to tell whether the eyelids are closed or open. Consequently, a concave upward curve means the eyelid is closed whereas a concave downwards curve means the eye is open. The proposed method is also implemented on hardware in order to be used in real-time scenarios, such as driver drowsiness detection. The evaluation of the proposed method used three image datasets, where images in the first dataset have a uniform background. The proposed method achieved classification accuracy of up to 95% on this dataset. Another benchmark dataset used has significant variations based on face deformations. With this dataset, our method achieved classification accuracy of 70%. A real-time video dataset of people driving the car was also used, where the proposed method achieved 95% accuracy, thus showing its feasibility for use in real-time scenarios.</P>
Ali, Gowhar,Subhan, Fazal,Islam, Nazar Ul,Ullah, Nasir,Shahid, Muhammad,Ullah, Sami,Ullah, Ihsan,Shah, Rehmat,Khan, Ikhtiar,Sewell, Robert D. E.,Abbas, Ghulam 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7
The aim of the current study was to explore in vivo any relative gastroulcerogenic prospective propensity of newly synthesized nitrogen containing derivatives of salicyl alcohol; compound (I) [1-(2-hydroxybenzyl) piperidinium chloride], compound (II) [4-carbamoyl-1-(2- hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride] and aspirin in albino rats. The experimental groups received the following oral treatments daily for 6 days: group I saline control; group II, standard (aspirin) treatment group [150 mg/kg of body weight]; group III, test (compound I) treatment group [100, 150 mg/kg]; group IV, test (compound II) treatment group [100, 150 mg/kg]. The results showed that in the case of the aspirin treated group and compound (I) [150 mg/kg], there was a significant increase in gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity, ulcer score and a decrease in gastric pH. Furthermore, histopathological examination of gastric mucosa of these treated groups revealed detectable morphological changes. Utilizing the same protocol, synthetic compound (I) [100 mg/kg] and (II) [100, 150 mg/kg] exhibited no statistically significant ulcerogenic or cytotoxic properties. A cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity test indicated the preferential inhibition of COX-I and COX-II enzymes by compounds (I) and (II). This study therefore indicates that these synthetic compounds may possess reduced ulcerogenic potential and could be a functional substitute to aspirin.
Gowhar Ali,Fazal Subhan,Nazar Ul Islam,Nasir Ullah,Muhammad Shahid,Sami Ullah,Ihsan Ullah,Rehmat Shah,Ikhtiar Khan,Robert D. E. Sewell,Ghulam Abbas 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7
The aim of the current study was to explorein vivo any relative gastroulcerogenic prospective propensityof newly synthesized nitrogen containing derivativesof salicyl alcohol; compound (I) [1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride], compound (II) [4-carbamoyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)piperidinium chloride] and aspirin in albinorats. The experimental groups received the following oraltreatments daily for 6 days: group I saline control; group II,standard (aspirin) treatment group [150 mg/kg of bodyweight]; group III, test (compound I) treatment group [100,150 mg/kg]; group IV, test (compound II) treatment group[100, 150 mg/kg]. The results showed that in the case of theaspirin treated group and compound (I) [150 mg/kg], therewas a significant increase in gastric volume, free acidity,total acidity, ulcer score and a decrease in gastric pH. Furthermore, histopathological examination of gastricmucosa of these treated groups revealed detectable morphologicalchanges. Utilizing the same protocol, syntheticcompound (I) [100 mg/kg] and (II) [100, 150 mg/kg]exhibited no statistically significant ulcerogenic or cytotoxicproperties. A cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity test indicatedthe preferential inhibition of COX-I and COX-IIenzymes by compounds (I) and (II). This study thereforeindicates that these synthetic compounds may possessreduced ulcerogenic potential and could be a functionalsubstitute to aspirin.