노동계약에서의 유인설계의 역할

고필수 제주대학교 관광과경영경제연구소 2004 産經論集 Vol.20 No.-

비대칭적 정보와 인적자본에 대한 투자

高弼秀 濟州大學校 地域社會發展硏究所 1998 社會發展硏究 Vol.14 No.-

去來費用의 效果 : 왈라스 模型과의 比較

高弼秀 제주대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.33 No.1

With scarcity of resources and unlimited human want, competition for scarce resources among people is inescapable. A world of scarcity is a world of competition, and conflicts among competing people must be resolved. The means of resolving such conflicts are numerous. Violence, first come first serve, rationing and price mechanism are a few among them. Economics does not say what form of competition is fair, or bes. Economics does not seek how to eliminate competition, either. The main questions in economics are, "what kinds of competition are allowed in our society, how do they operate, and what are their effects?" The most representative model developed in order to answer these questions is the Walrasian system. The major assumption of this system is perfect and costless information(or zero transaction costs). With this assumption, the Walrasian system provides a coherent framework for the rigorous analysis of many major questions. In other words, the Pareto optimal conditions derived from this model are regarded as a paradigm in measuring the efficiency of many economic activities. However, the fact that the production of perfect information itself violates the Pareto optimal condition refutes the Walrasian system and proves one more time that the pareto optimal conditions derived under the precondition of perfect and costless knowledge cannot be satisfied in every economic activity. This is the starting point of this paper. When the information itself is imperfect and scarce resource, the transaction costs in every economic activity including exchange and production are positive. here two major questions arise. They are; 1) what are the main effects of the costs of transacting, and 2) what distinguishes them from other costs. In order to answer them, the model presented here is pitted against the standard (and sophisticated) Walrasian system. the reason is that the "confrontation" makes it easier to isolate some of the unique features of positive costs of transacting. The organization of this paper is as follows. Section Ⅱ provides three of the results derived from the Walrasian model which are relevant to our purpose particularly. Each result is analyzed and compared with respect to the case of positive transaction costs in the following three sections. One thing to mention is that the development of the analysis presented here is based on product homogeneity, which has equivalent meaning of costless product information. The results are as follows. First, the Walrasian system asserts that resources which are used solely to transfer wealth are 'dissipated', since the distribution of income is uniquely and costlessly determined in the process of determining resource allocation under given the ownership of resources. When there exists positive transation costs, however, the distribution of income can be different, depending on how much each transacting party spends resources. In other words, despite the imperfect information the joint wealth can be maximized when each transacting party behaves as he/she should. But when each party realizes that he/she can capture or protect some part of wealth which is placed in the public domain as a form of common property due to the imperfect information, he/she will spend resources as long as the expected gain is greater than the costs. As a result, some wealth is transferred from one party to another party and some wealth is dissipated. This implies that the distribution of income depends on the magnitude of the net value of captured wealth. This also indicates that the transaction costs is not same as the costs which is commonly used. Second, in the Walrasian system a single person's action will not affect the wealth of others. This is not so when the cost of transacting is positive and resources are spent to affect distribution. for example, the more resources a buyer spends on selection, the larger is his gross gain, and the larger he inflicts on the seller. Third, in the Walrasian model, any kinds of imposition of constraints on market activities by the government or any social institutions lowers the social output. On the other hand, with positive cost of transacting certain regulations or social institutions are capable of lowering the transaction costs. As a result, sellers may be able to charge a higher pecuniary price, and consumers may pay a lower full price than when the governement regulation is not imposd.Then output is expected to be higher than in the absence of the regulation. In closing, the Walrasian econmoics has almost no features to qualify it as a social science. The only contact among people is in the market, where cheating will not occur since it can be costlessly detected, and thus the idecntity of transactors there is of no significance. The auctioneer, who is the only social functionary, plays a strictly mechanical role and provides his service free of charge. Individuals' maximizing behavior leads automatically to Pareto optimum. Moreover, since property rights are well defined and contracts are costless to enforce, even a legal systme is not needed. Only in that world the invisible hand is truly supreme. When transacting is costly, people trade with each other because they expect to gain, but each spends resources in attempting to capture greater share of the gain. Traders are not anonymous;their names -their identities- serve to lower the cost of exchange. This is why the notion of socially reprehensible behavior is meaningless in a Walrasian system, but such behavior may become meaningful only with positive transaction costs. This might explain the high moral standing of production activities and the almost universal negative attitude towards trade, speculation, financial activities and the like. Thus the social aspect of trade is of fundamental importance. Social institutions are erected to aid in further facilitating the exchange. The study of the cost of transacting then will enhance the role of economics as a social science.

Emulsion型 液體膜에 依한 Benzene과 n-Heptane 混合物의 分離

郭弼圭,鄭泰秀 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1988 論文集 Vol.39 No.1

In the separation of benzene-n-heptane mixture by emulsion-type liquid membrane, studied were the effects of surfactant concentration, stirring speed in emulsification, glycerol concentration and settling time on separation factor. The separation of benzene reached a maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.6 weight percent and contact time of 20 minutes. The separation was mot effective when the surfactant concentration was 0.6 weight percent and the stirring speed for emulsification was 1200 rpm. The separation of benzene-n-heptane mixture was effective at the glycerol concentration of 30 weight percent, and the separation factor decreased as the settling time increased.

茶山의 理氣論 批判

金弼洙 동국대학교 철학회 1985 哲學思想 Vol.6-7 No.-

골다공증으로 인한 대퇴 근위부 안정 골절 환자의 골밀도치와 수술후 고정 소실과의 관계에 대한 고찰

나수균,최필근,서유성,신병준,최창욱 대한골대사학회 1995 대한골대사학회지 Vol.2 No.2

수소 결합형 이분자 회합체의 액정 성질

강필수,주재범 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2000 이학기술연구지 Vol.2 No.

수소 결합에 의하여 액정의 성질을 나타내는 이분자 화합체들의 물리적인 성질을 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)와 가변 온도 적외선 분광법 (Variable Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy)등을 이용하여 연구하였다. 그 결과, 이러한 supramesogen 분자들의 액정 성질은 핵심부 (supramesogen core)와 말단기 (tail)의 구조적 특성에 기인한다는 사실을 알았으며, 가변온도 적외선 분광실험과 carbony1 stretching band의 curve-fitting 결과로부터 서로 다른 mesogenic acid로 결합된 hetero-dimer가 동일한 acid로 결합된 homo-dimer보다 훨씬 더 큰 meso-phase 안정성을 나타낸다는 사실을 발견하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 다양한 종류의 non-mesogenic acid가 수소 결합을 통하여 형성하는 액정 분자들의 열적 안정성과 물리적 성질 등을 포괄적으로 이해할 수 있었다. Liquid crystal properties of hydroen-bonding mesogenic dimers has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and variable temperature infrared spectroscopy. Nematic mesophase stability, which shows the liquid crystal property of mesogenic dimer, is increased in mixtures of desparate species-mixed acids with differing substituent sizes (different supramesoen tail lengths) and different acid types (aliphatic and aromatic supramesogen cores). These trends enable one to estimate contributions to mesophase stability stemming from tail desparity and core differences, contributions that appear to carry over into analogous covalent mesogens. Infrared measurements of solid mixtures of acids suggest that the population of heterodimers dominates over that of homodimers. In this study boty mesophase stabilities and physical properties of various hydrogen-bonding supramesogen dimers have been comprehensively understood.

흰쥐에서 Chloramphenicol에 유도된 불면에 대한 Amitriptyline의 효과

박수아,한진희,김정수,이성필 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적 : 저자들은 흰쥐에서 항생제인 chloramphenicol을 투여한 후 수면의 변화 양상을 알아보고, 삼환계 항우울제의 하나인 amitriptyline를 투여하여 항생제에 의해 유도된 불면증에 대한 항우울제의 효과를 조사하고자 하였다 방 법 : 실험동물로는 체중 270∼300g의 Sprague-Dawley 수컷 흰쥐 11마리를 사용하였고, 실험군(5마리)과 대조군(6마리)으로 나누고 뇌파 측정 장치를 부착시킨 후 3일간(baseline. 1일, 2일) 연속적으로 수면-각성활동을 관찰하였다. 투약 1일째 실험군과 대조군에게 chloramphenicol 150mg/kg을 복강내 주사하였다. 투약 2일째 대조군에게 chloramphenicol 150mg/kg을 복강내 주사하였고, 실험군에게는 chloramphenicol 150mg/kg과 amitriptyline 12mg/kg을 복강내 주사하였다. 결 과 : 1) 항생제 투여 후 dirks 서파수면과 총 REM 수면이 유의하게 감소하였다. 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 light period 동안 REM 수면이 더 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2) 항우울제 투여 후 실험군은 대조군에 비하여 야간 서파수면과 총 서파수면이 증가되었으며, 야간 각성과 총 각성이 유의하게 감소하였다. REM 수면이 light period 첫 3시간 동안 유의하게 감소하였고, dark period 후반부에는 오히려 baseline보다 증가하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과로서 항생제에 의해 유도된 불면이 항우울제 의해 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 실험에 사용된 방법은 불면증의 동물모델로서 향후 항우울제의 수면효과를 규명하고 나아가 항생제를 사용중인 불면증 환자와 우울증 환자의 치료에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : Several studies have shown that administration of antibiotics decreased sleep amount as bacterial colony numbers in rats. It is well known that antidepressants decrease rapid eye movement(REM) sleep and increase slow wave sleep(SWS) in both human and animal studies. However, little is known to date about the effects of antidepressant on antibiotic induced insomnia in rats. Therefore the authors studied the effects of amitriptyline on chloramphenicol induced insomnia in rats. Methods : The Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into control(N=6) and experimental group(N=5). The sleep-wake activity was recorded continuously for consecutive three days(baseline, day 1 and day 2). On day 1 both groups were intraperitoneally injected with chloramphenicol 150mg/kg. On day 2 the control groups was intraperitoneally injected with chloramphenicol 150mg/kg only, whereas experimental group was injected with amitriptyline 12mg/kg and chloramphenicol 150mg/kg. Results : 1) Chloramphenicol administration decreased dark period SWS and total REM sleep. 2) Amitriptyline administration increased total SWS and dark period SWS as well as decreased total wakefulness and dark period wakefulness. There was a decrease of REM sleep in the first 3 hours of light period, whereas a tendency of increase of REM sleep around the end of dark period. Conclusion : From the above results, it is concluded that amitriptyline may be effective to reverse chloramphenicol induced insomnia in rats. Furthermore, chloramphenicol induced insomnia in rat could be a useful model for insomnia studies in the future.

고용관계의 제도적 분석 : 내부노동시장과 거래비용의 접목 Internal labour Markets and the Transaction Costs Approach

고필수 제주대학교 관광과경영경제연구소 2003 産經論集 Vol.19 No.-

엷은 勞動市場과 地代나누기

高弼秀 濟州大學校 地域社會發展硏究所 1997 논문집 Vol.34 No.1