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The role of programmed death ligand 1 pathway in persistent biomaterial-associated infections
Agnieszka Magryś,Jolanta Paluch-Oleś,Agnieszka Bogut,Michał Kiełbus,Dorota Plewik,Maria Kozioł-Montewka 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.8
Staphylococcus epidermidis is commonly involved in biomaterial- associated infections. Bacterial small colony variants (SCV) seem to be well adapted to persist intracellularly in professional phagocytes evading the host immune response. We studied the expression of PD-L1/L2 on macrophages infected with clinical isolates of S. epidermidis SCV and their parent wild type (WT) strains. The cytokine pattern which is triggered by the examined strains was also analysed. In the study, we infected macrophages with S. epidermidis WT and SCV strains. Persistence and release from macrophages were monitored via lysostaphin protection assays. Moreover, the effect of IFN-γ pre-treatment on bacterial internalisation was investigated. Expression of PD-L1/L2 molecules was analysed with the use of FACS. Inflammatory reaction was measured by IL-10, TNF-α ELISAs, and transcriptional induction of TNF-α. Our study revealed that clinical SCV isolates were able to persist and survive in macrophages for at least 3 days with a low cytotoxic effect and a reduced proinflammatory response as compared to WT strains. Bacteria upregulated PD-L1/L2 expression on macrophages as compared to non-stimulated cells. The results demonstrated that the ability of S. epidermidis SCVs to induce elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and reduced transcriptional induction of TNF-α, together with expression of PD-L1 on macrophages and the ability to persist intracellularly without damaging the host cell could be the key factor contributing to chronicity of SCV infections.
Ole Christensen 한국산업응용수학회 2006 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.1
An orthonormal basis for L²(?) provides us with a representation of the elements in L²(?) in terms of the functions in the orthonormal basis. However, the conditions defining an orthonormal basis are very restrictive, so often it is impossible to find an orthonormal basis satisfying specific extra conditions. We introduce frames, and show that certain frames provide us with expansions similar to orthonormal bases. We provide constructions of explicit frames in L²(?).
Near-Field Optics in the Perspective of Photon Wave Mechanics
Ole Keller 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1
Elements of a generalized theory describing the near-field source problem of photon wave mechanics is presented. A flexible construction of the Riemann-Silberstein vectors, which enter the photon energy wave function concept, is established on the basis of the microscopic D-field. By adjustment of the transverse polarization field the global energy of the field-particle system can be shared in various manners between the photon and matter subsystems. Only the near-field part of the photon energy wave function is affected by a given adjustment, and no observable consequenceswill appear. The flexibility of the construction scheme allows one to make the bridge between classical and quantum near-field optics in a variety of ways.
Performance Characteristics of CVD Diamond Cutting Tools
Oles, E.J.,Cackowski, V.J. The Korean Ceramic Society 1996 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.2 No.4
CVD diamond tools are becoming more widely used in industry as an economic alternative to polycrystalline diamond (PCD) for machining non-ferrous and non-metallic materials. Although CVD diamond-sheet tools have been on the market for several years, diamond-coated carbide inserts have become available only recently, with the successful resolution of long-standing adhesion problems. Diamond coating morphology on the rake surface of the tool affects chip formation favorably, whereas a microscopically rough, faceted morphology on the flank surface of the tool produces a rough workpiece finish. Workpiece finish can be improved by using a coated tool with a larger nose radius. The tool life provided by diamond-coated tools(~30 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick) can meet or exceed that of PCD tools, depending on the characteristics of the workpiece material. When using diamond-coated carbide tools in milling, a sharp-edged PCD tool should be used in the wiper position of the cutter to minimize workpiece roughness and burr formation.
Motor Activity in Adult Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Ole Bernt Fasmer,Kristin Mjeldheim,Wenche Førland,Anita L. Hansen,Steven Dilsaver,Ketil J. Oedegaard,Jan Øystein Berle 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.4
ObjectiveaaHyperactivity is a core symptom of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but limited information is available on analysis of activity patterns in this disorder. The aim of the study was to analyze motor activity during daily living in adult patients with ADHD. MethodsaaPatients (n=76) from the private psychiatric practice of two of the authors were recruited, and were compared to patients with other psychiatric disorders and to normal controls. Actigraphs were used to record motor activity for six days, with one minute intervals, and data were analysed using linear and non-linear mathematical methods. ResultsaaFor short recording periods (300 minutes) the activity levels of ADHD patients do not differ from normal controls, but the autocorrelation (lag 1) is lower and Fourier analysis shows higher power in the high frequency range, corresponding to the period from 2–8 min. During recordings for six days there are no significant differences between ADHD patients and the control groups. The combined and inattentive subgroups differ only in the six days recordings. The Fourier analyses show that the combined type has lower power in the high frequency range, corresponding to the period from 4–8 hours, and in the analysis of rhythms the intra-daily variability is lower, compared to the inattentive type. ConclusionaaAdult ADHD patients do not show evidence of hyperactivity, but have levels of activity similar to normal controls. However, on several measures ADHD patients display altered activity patterns, indicating that the regulation of motor activity in this disorder is different from controls.
A Naturalistic Study of the Effect of Acupuncture on Heart-Rate Variability
Ole Bernt Fasmer,Yong Huang,Hanbo Liao,Jan Øystein Berle,Junxian Wu,Ketil Joachim Oedegaard,Gustav Wik,Zhangjin Zhang 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.1
Objectives: To study the effect of acupuncture on heart rate variability (HRV) by using linear and non-linear methods of analysis. Methods: 40 patients were recruited consecutively, including patients with insomnia, stomachache,diarrhea, dizziness, cervical syndrome, lower back pain, gonarthritis, peripheral facial paralysis, post-traumatic organic brain syndrome and urinary retention. Different acupoint prescriptions were used, according to the textbook for 5-years’ education on traditional Chinese medicine specialty, which is used in Chinese Universities. HRV was recorded before,during, and after acupuncture. Results: Acupuncture substantially reduced variability, causing a 41% reduction in the standard deviation. Using a Fourier analysis, the variances both in the low frequency (LF) and the high frequency (HF) ranges were markedly reduced, but the LF/HF ratio (an indication of sympathovagal balance) was not altered. The HR was unchanged. The sample entropy, which is a measure of the complexity of time series, was significantly increased (þ35%). Conclusions: Acupuncture produced a pattern of changes different from that seen in pathological conditions, where increased variability and reduced complexity is expected.