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Effect of Low Doses of UV-A and UV-B Radiation on Photosynthetic Activities in Phaseolus mungo L.
( Muthukrishnan Jayakumar ),( Paulraj Amudha ),( Govindaswamy Kulandaivelu ) 한국식물학회 2004 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.47 No.2
The effect of low doses of UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation on photosynthetic activities in Phaseolus mungo L was investigated under field condition. Supplementation of UV-A enhanced the synthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids than the UV-B supplemented plants. Significant increase was seen in the concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds of UV-B treated plants. Increase of PS 2 activity in UV-A treated plants was seen. Changes in photosynthetic activity were measured in terms of PS 2 mediated O₂ evolution and Chl a fluorescence.
Rule-Based Anomaly Detection Technique Using Roaming Honeypots for Wireless Sensor Networks
Muthukrishnan Gowri,Balasubramanian Paramasivan 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.6
Because the nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) are mobile and the network is highly dynamic, monitoring every node at all times is impractical. As a result, an intruder can attack the network easily, thus impairing the system. Hence, detecting anomalies in the network is very essential for handling efficient and safe communication. To overcome these issues, in this paper, we propose a rulebased anomaly detection technique using roaming honeypots. Initially, the honeypots are deployed in such a way that all nodes in the network are covered by at least one honeypot. Honeypots check every new connection by letting the centralized administrator collect the information regarding the new connection by slowing down the communication with the new node. Certain predefined rules are applied on the new node to make a decision regarding the anomality of the node. When the timer value of each honeypot expires, other sensor nodes are appointed as honeypots. Owing to this honeypot rotation, the intruder will not be able to track a honeypot to impair the network. Simulation results show that this technique can efficiently handle the anomaly detection in a WSN.
Sodium Nitroprusside Stimulates Growth and Shoot Regeneration in Chrysanthemum
Muthukrishnan Arun,AUNG HTAY NAING,전수민,TRINH NGOC AI,Thanda Aye,김창길 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.1
In this study, we demonstrate that the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) improvesplant regeneration in chrysanthemums. Internode explants of three different chrysanthemum cultivars, ‘White ND’,‘White wing × Peach ND’, and ‘Hunt × Lemon ND’, were cultured on shoot induction medium (SIM) containingvarious concentrations of N6–benzyladenine (2.22 or 4.44 μM BA) and SNP (0.83–6.71 μM) individually andin combination. Most combinations of BA and SNP significantly improved the morphogenetic potential of internodeexplants and enhanced shoot regeneration in all three chrysanthemum cultivars compared to treatment with BAalone. The cultivar ‘White wing × Peach ND’ displayed the highest regeneration response (98.3%) and shoot regenerationrate (27.3 shoots/explant) in SIM containing optimal BA (4.44 μM) and SNP (0.83 μM) concentrations within30 days of culture. Individual shoots of 'White wing × Peach ND' were transferred to root induction medium(RIM) containing various concentrations of SNP (0.83–6.71 μM) alone. Shoots rooted in the presence of SNPresulted in healthy plantlets within 30 days of culture with improved root (number of roots/shoot, root length,and fresh weight) and shoot (number of leaves, shoot length, and fresh weight) growth characteristics comparedto the control. In addition, the regeneration procedure described in this study only requires a short duration (60 days)to obtain rooted plantlets from internode explants of chrysanthemums. Our results suggest that supplementationof chrysanthemum regeneration medium with SNP enhances shoot regeneration and improves plant growth,overcoming problems associated with propagation and genetic transformation.
Studies on acetone sensing characteristics of ZnO thin film prepared by sol–gel dip coating
Muthukrishnan, Karthika,Vanaraja, Manoj,Boomadevi, Shanmugam,Karn, Rakesh Kumar,Singh, Vijay,Singh, Pramod K.,Pandiyan, Krishnamoorthy Elsevier 2016 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.673 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Acetone sensing characteristics of Zinc Oxide thin films prepared by dip coating method are discussed in this paper. The sol for dip coating was synthesized using Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>. 6H<SUB>2</SUB>O) and organic polymer sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as a starting material. Crystallinity and crystallite size of the prepared thin film was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The gas sensing characteristics was studied using chemiresistive method, by exposing the film to various concentrations of acetone at room temperature. Further, for comparative study ethanol and acetaldehyde has also been tested. Gas sensing parameters such us response, selectivity, lowest detection limit, response/recovery time of the thin film towards acetone were also reported.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ZnO has successfully synthesized using cheap and ease method. </LI> <LI> Detail characterization have carried out and explained. </LI> <LI> Sensing behaviour has been studied. </LI> <LI> Acetone sensor has been fabricated. </LI> </UL> </P>
Highly selective acetaldehyde sensor using sol–gel dip coated nano crystalline TiO2 thin film
Muthukrishnan, Karthika,Vanaraja, Manoj,Boomadevi, Shanmugam,Karn, Rakesh Kumar,Rayappan, John Bosco Balaguru,Singh, Vijay,Pandiyan, Krishnamoorthy Springer-Verlag 2015 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.26 No.7
Changes in Growth and Yield of Phaseolus mungo L Induced by UV-A and UV-B Enhanced Radiation
Muthukrishnan, Jayakumar,Paulraj, Amudha,Govindaswamy, Kulandaivelu 한국식물학회 2003 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.46 No.1
We investigated the effects of UV-A and UV-B enhanced radiation on plants of phaseolus mungo. Low doses caused varying responses in such growth and yield components as shoot and root lengths, leaf area, fresh mass and dry matter, pod numbers, and seed numbers and weights. Compared with UN-B radiation inhibited development. moreover, both sources of radiation caused reduced yields, although this effect was comparatively less in plants treated with UV-A radiation.
Suriyavathana Muthukrishnan,Subha Palanisamy,Senthilkumar Subramanian,Sumathi Selvaraj,Kavitha Rani Mari,Ramalingam Kuppulingam 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.4
Natural products derived from plant sources have been utilized to treat patients with numerous diseases. The phytochemical constituents present in ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina variegata (ELEV) were identified by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses. Shade dried leaves were powdered and extracted with ethanol for analyses through HPLC to identify selected flavonoids and through GC-MS to identify other molecules. The HPLC analysis of ELEV showed the presence of gallic and caffeic acids as the major components at concentrations of 2.0 ppm and 0.1 ppm, respectively, as well as other components. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 3-eicosyne; 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol; butanoic acid, 3-methyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester; phytol; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diundecyl ester; 1-octanol, 2-butyl-; squalene; and 2H-pyran, 2-(7-heptadecynyloxy) tetrahydro-derivative. Because pharmacopuncture is a new evolving natural mode that uses herbal extracts for treating patients with various ailments with minimum pain and maximum effect, the results of this study are particularly important and show that ELEV possesses a wide range of phytochemical constituents, as indicated above, as effective active principle molecules that can be used individually or in combination to treat patients with various diseases. Natural products derived from plant sources have been utilized to treat patients with numerous diseases. The phytochemical constituents present in ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina variegata (ELEV) were identified by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses. Shade dried leaves were powdered and extracted with ethanol for analyses through HPLC to identify selected flavonoids and through GC-MS to identify other molecules. The HPLC analysis of ELEV showed the presence of gallic and caffeic acids as the major components at concentrations of 2.0 ppm and 0.1 ppm, respectively, as well as other components. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 3-eicosyne; 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol; butanoic acid, 3-methyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester; phytol; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diundecyl ester; 1-octanol, 2-butyl-; squalene; and 2H-pyran, 2-(7-heptadecynyloxy) tetrahydro-derivative. Because pharmacopuncture is a new evolving natural mode that uses herbal extracts for treating patients with various ailments with minimum pain and maximum effect, the results of this study are particularly important and show that ELEV possesses a wide range of phytochemical constituents, as indicated above, as effective active principle molecules that can be used individually or in combination to treat patients with various diseases.
Arun, Muthukrishnan,Subramanyam, Kondeti,Mariashibu, Thankaraj Salammal,Theboral, Jeevaraj,Shivanandhan, Ganeshan,Manickavasagam, Markandan,Ganapathi, Andy Humana Press 2015 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.175 No.4
<P>Soybean is a recalcitrant crop to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Development of highly efficient, reproducible, and genotype-independent transformation protocol is highly desirable for soybean genetic improvement. Hence, an improved Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol has been developed for cultivar PK 416 by evaluating various parameters including Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (LBA4404, EHA101, and EHA105 harboring pCAMBIA1304 plasmid), sonication duration, vacuum infiltration pressure, and vacuum duration using cotyledonary node explants of soybean prepared from 7-day-old seedlings. The transformed plants were successfully developed through direct organogenesis system. Transgene expression was assessed by GUS histochemical and gfp visual assays, and integration was analyzed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Among the different combinations and durations evaluated, a maximum transformation efficiency of 18.6 % was achieved when the cotyledonary node explants of cv. PK 416 were sonicated for 20 s and vacuum infiltered for 2 min at 250 mmHg in A. tumefaciens EHA105 suspension. The amenability of the standardized protocol was tested on four more soybean cultivars JS 90-41, Hara Soy, Co 1, and Co 2 in which all the cultivars responded favorably with transformation efficiency ranging from 13.3 to 16.6 %. The transformation protocol developed in the present study would be useful to transform diverse soybean cultivars with desirable traits.</P>
Dip coated nanostructured ZnO thin film: Synthesis and application
Vanaraja, Manoj,Muthukrishnan, Karthika,Boomadevi, Shanmugam,Karn, Rakesh Kumar,Singh, Vijay,Singh, Pramod K.,Pandiyan, Krishnamoorthy Elsevier 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The preparation and characterization of highly selective room temperature ammonia sensorusing nanostructured dip coated ZnO thin films were discused. A highly viscous precursor solution was prepared using Zinc Nitrate hexahydrate as a starting material and Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a thickening agent. Morphology and structure of the annealed films were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Diffractometer characterization techniques. The presence of zinc and oxygen in the sample was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy The gas sensing behavior of ZnO thin films was studied at room temperature. It exhibited very high selectivity and excellent sensing towards ammonia gas. Further, sensing behavior towards other gases like ethanol and formaldehyde and the various concentrations of NH<SUB>3</SUB> were studied.</P>