http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Meins, T.,Hyun, K.,Dingenouts, N.,Fotouhi Ardakani, M.,Struth, B.,Wilhelm, M. American ChemicalSociety 2012 Macromolecules Vol.45 No.1
<P>In-situ flow alignment kinetics of a self-assembled lamellarphasepolystyrene-<I>block</I>-polyisoprene (PS-<I>b</I>-PI, <I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB> = 26 500 g/mol, <I>f</I><SUB>PS</SUB> = 51%) diblock copolymer melt has been investigatedin detail under mechanical large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS)utilizing a unique Rheo–SAXS combination developed in cooperationwith the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg. This marksthe first time that the strain and time dependence of the shear-inducedmacroscopic perpendicular orientation of the lamellar microstructurecould be monitored with a time resolution of 10 s per frame. Two mechanicalparameters were used to compare the structural evolution and dynamicswith the mechanical response of the sample. The mechanical loss modulusG″, which was directly obtained from the in situ Rheo–SAXSexperiments performed with a stress controlled rheometer, and thenonlinear parameter <I>I</I><SUB>3/1</SUB>, which was calculatedby Fourier-transform-rheology (FT-rheology) from the raw stress dataobtained from a strain controlled rheometer. Significant correlationsbetween the mechanical response and the structural changes of thesample were detected. For example, the orientation times τ calculatedfrom both the X-ray and the mechanical measurements showed a powerlaw dependence with τ ∼ γ<SUB>0</SUB><SUP>–1.6</SUP> (in situ SAXS) and ∼ γ<SUB>0</SUB><SUP>–2</SUP> (FT-rheology). Furthermore, the quality of the macroscopic orientationat large shear amplitudes (γ<SUB>0</SUB> = 2 and γ<SUB>0</SUB> = 3) was found to be a function of the mechanical excitationtime. A better macroscopic orientation for shorter mechanical excitationtimes was achieved, while longer experimental times caused an unexpectedreduction in the degree of orientation. In these situations, ex-situSAXS and TEM studies indicated that a stable biaxial distributionof the lamellar microstructure that was preferentially orientatedboth parallel and perpendicular was formed, causing a drastic changein the response of both the mechanical quantities <I>G</I>″(<I>t</I>) and <I>I</I><SUB>3/1</SUB>(<I>t</I>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2012/mamobx.2012.45.issue-1/ma201492n/production/images/medium/ma-2011-01492n_0020.gif'></P>
Enhanced Performance Using an SU-8 Dielectric Interlayer in a Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell
Pang, Christina,Chellappan, Vijila,Yim, Jong Hyuk,Tan, Mein Jin,Goh, Glen Tai Wei,Lee, Soonil,Zhang, Jie,de Mello, John American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.9
<P>The effect of inserting an SU-8 dielectric interlayer into inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) was studied. Insertion of an ultrathin layer of SU-8 between the zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer and the photoactive layer resulted in a smoother interface and a 14% enhancement in power conversion efficiency. The properties of devices with and without an SU-8 interlayer were investigated using transient photovoltage (TPV) and double injection (DoI) techniques, and it was found that devices with SU-8 show longer carrier lifetimes and greater mobility–lifetime (μ–τ) products than those without. Devices with SU-8 were also found to have improved stability. The results indicate that the insertion of an SU-8 interlayer reduces the recombination rate for photogenerated carriers without affecting the charge transport properties, improving overall performance and stability.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-9/am508177p/production/images/medium/am-2014-08177p_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am508177p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Milne, Roger L.,Bení,tez, Javier,Nevanlinna, Heli,Heikkinen, Tuomas,Aittomä,ki, Kristiina,Blomqvist, Carl,Arias, José,Ignacio,Zamora, M. Pilar,Burwinkel, Barbara,Bartram, Claus R.,Mein Oxford University Press 2009 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.101 No.14
<P>BACKGROUND: A recent genome-wide association study identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 2q35-rs13387042 as a marker of susceptibility to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. We attempted to confirm this association using the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS: 2q35-rs13387042 SNP was genotyped for 31 510 women with invasive breast cancer, 1101 women with ductal carcinoma in situ, and 35 969 female control subjects from 25 studies. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for study. Heterogeneity in odds ratios by each of age, ethnicity, and study was assessed by fitting interaction terms. Heterogeneity by each of invasiveness, family history, bilaterality, and hormone receptor status was assessed by subclassifying case patients and applying polytomous logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We found strong evidence of association between rs13387042 and breast cancer in white women of European origin (per-allele OR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.15; P(trend) = 1.0 x 10(-19)). The odds ratio was lower than that previously reported (P = .02) and did not vary by age or ethnicity (all P > or = .2). However, it was higher when the analysis was restricted to case patients who were selected for a strong family history (P = .02). An association was observed for both ER-positive (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.17; P = 10(-15)) and ER-negative disease (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.15; P = .0003) and both progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.19; P = 5 x 10(-14)) and PR-negative disease (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.15; P = .00002). CONCLUSION: The rs13387042 is associated with both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer in European women.</P>