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A sea lion optimized microstrip patch antenna for enhancing the energy efficiency of the WSN
Robin George,T. Anita Jones Mary 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.4
There is a growing trend toward the use of intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks for a variety of applications (WSNs). One of the main difficulties with WSNs is energy efficiency (EE). For energy saving, the directional antennas (Das) utilization is radiated in a specified direction but they reduce beam width by focusing power in that direction. Consequently, for enhancing EE and the longevity of the network, a low-powered double T slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MSPA) was proposed in this paper. In the ‘4’ phases, the antenna is designed. Along with this, a new directional ‘2’ T-shaped MSPA with the aim of enhancing EE is designed. The initial parameters of the designed antenna are fed into the Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm to acquire an optimal parameter for obtaining a better frequency range. The proposed model attains the return loss of −19.2db, a gain of 2.5db, and directivity of 5.79db when contrasted with prevailing models. By achieving this, the paper exhibits the developed system’s superiority and could be a well-energy-efficient antenna in WSN. To encompass building an optimal antenna for WSNs, the work can be enlarged in the future by utilizing meta-material structure gain.
Benoît H. Lessard,Sarah Mackay,Adrien Métafiot,Milan Marić 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.8
Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-block-poly(methacrylate-ran-styrene) block copolymers were synthesized from low dispersity (Mw/Mn=1.24) and perfectly alternating poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) macroinitiators, by nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization (NMP), using various methacrylate-rich mixtures: methyl methacrylate/styrene (MMA/S), ethyl methacrylate/styrene (EMMA/S), n-butyl methacrylate/styrene (BMA/S) and benzyl methacrylate/styrene (BzMA/S). Some irreversible termination was present during the chain extension from the macroinitiator, resulting in some bimodality in the molecular weight distribution of the final block copolymer (≈2% to ≈25% dead chains) which is common for methacrylate/styrene copolymerizations by NMP. The resulting final block copolymers were determined to be methacrylate-rich (molar ratio XMA/S ≈3.3 to 5.5) by 1H NMR and the resulting glass transition temperature (Tg) of the chain-extended segments were found to be similar to the coresponding pure poly(methacrylate)s. NMP allows the controlled placement of functional maleic anhydride containing segments within a block copolymer with tunable mechanical properties by simple substitution of methacrylate monomer used in synthesis.
PERCEIVED SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES: RETAIL MANAGERS’ INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVES
Jos Bartels,Machiel J. Reinders,Mariët A. van Haaster-de Winter 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.8
In the past few decades, much attention has been focused on corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Dahlrud, 2008; McWilliams & Siegel, 2001; Maignan & Ralston, 2002; Montiel, 2008), consumer responses to CSR initiatives (Brown & Dacin, 1997; Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001) and more recently, employee attitudes towards CSR (Kim et al., 2010; Michailides & Lipsett, 2012; Rupp et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2012). Although awareness of environmental sustainability has increased over the past few decades, the current market share of sustainable products remains low. Because of their market position, large-scale and high- volume customer interactions (Vella et al., 2009), supermarkets appear to be appropriate venues for investigating perceived sustainability initiatives (Hampl & Loock, 2013). Our study examined the extent to which supermarkets are perceived to have embedded sustainability initiatives in their marketing strategies and to have taken sustainable tactical measures on the store floor. In addition, the study considered the roles played by social identification (as an indicator for intrinsic motives) and by perceived external prestige (as an indicator for extrinsic motives). Based on a literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of Dutch supermarkets (n = 8), we conducted an online panel survey among the managers of these supermarkets (n = 99). The results of the qualitative study show that although CEOs’ opinions differed regarding the relevance of sustainability, the majority of CEOs indicated that the implementation of a sustainability strategy is strongly dependent on the intrinsic motivation of board members, the family business in general or local entrepreneurs (supermarket managers). Specifically, the role of the supermarket manager was recognized as important concerning sustainability initiatives on the shop floor. The results of the quantitative study show the positive impacts of managers’ social identification with a sustainable consumer group and managers’ perceived external prestige on the perceived environmental sustainability initiatives of Dutch supermarkets. The study finds that managers’ social identifications are powerful ways to engender employee loyalty. Moreover, organizations that are perceived to have more external prestige are perceived as being more capable of developing sustainability policies.
T Cell Receptor-MHC Class I Peptide Interactions : Affinity, Kinetics, and Specificity
Corr, Maripat,Slanetz, Alfred E.,Boyd, Lisa F.,Jelonek, Marie T.,Khilko, Sergei,Al-Ramadi, Basel K.,Kim, Young Sang,Maher, Stephen E.,Bothwell, Alfred L. M.,Margulies, David H. 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1996 생물공학연구지 Vol.4 No.-
The critical discriminatory event in the activation of T lymphocytes bearing αβT cell receptors (TCRs) is their interaction with a molecular complex consisting of a peptide bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded classⅠor class Ⅱ molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. The kinetics of binding were measured of a purified TCR to molecular complexes of a purified soluble analog of the murine MHC classⅠ molecule H-2L^d (sH-2L^d) and a synthetic octamer peptide p2CL in a direct, real-time assay based on surface plasmon resonance. The kinetic dissociation rate of the MHC-peptide complex from the TCR was rapid (2.6×10^-2) second^-1, corresponding to a half-time for dissociation of approximately 27 seconds), and the kinetic association rate was 2.1×10^ 5 M^-1 second^-1. The equilibrium constant for dissociation was approximately 10^-7M These values indicate that TCRs must interact with a multivalent array of MHC-peptide complexes to trigger T cell signaling.
Genes Involved in Interleukin-1 Receptor Type II Activities Are Associated With Asthmatic Phenotypes
Anne-Marie Madore,Vanessa T. Vaillancourt,Emmanuelle Bouzigon,Chloé Sarnowski,Florent Monier,Marie-Hélène Dizier,Florence Demenais,Catherine Laprise 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.5
Purpose: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in inflammation and immunity and its decoy receptor, IL-1R2, has been implicated in transcriptomic and genetic studies of asthma. Methods: Two large asthma family collections, the French-Canadian Saguenay—Lac-St-Jean (SLSJ) study and the French Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA), were used to investigate the association of SNPs in 10 genes that modulate IL-1R2 activities with asthma, allergic asthma, and atopy. Gene-gene interactions were also tested. Results: One SNP in BACE2 was associated with allergic asthma in the SLSJ study and replicated in the EGEA study before statistical correction for multiple testing. Additionally, two SNPs in the MMP2 gene were replicated in both studies prior to statistical correction and reached significance in the combined analysis. Moreover, three gene-gene interactions also survived statistical correction in the combined analyses (BACE1-IL1RAP in asthma and allergic asthma and IL1R1-IL1RAP in atopy). Conclusions: Our results highlight the relevance of genes involved in the IL-1R2 activity in the context of asthma and asthma-related traits.