De la memoria al olvido : Susana San Juan ed Pedro Páramo

Maria Claudia Macias Rodriguez 서울대학교 스페인중남미연구소 2005 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.16 No.-

En Pedro Páramo, el problema del tiempo se presenta en términos de la memoria y el recuerdo. Comala es un mundo en donde los muertos y los pocos vivos -que luego morirán también- se entremezclan mediante las voces del recuerdo y las imágenes de la memoria. La crítica tradicionalmente ha centrado su interés en la presencia de la memoria colectiva, atendiendo a uno de los grandes compromisos asumidos por la novela: la voz de los que no tienen voz, es decir, el pueblo frente a las instituciones que detentan el poder. Dichas instituciones ostentan el discurso histórico oficial, que en esta obra se encuentra representado por el cacique, Pedro Páramo. Sin embargo, hay un personaje singular en muchos aspectos, Susana San Juan. Esta mujer no sólo es el motivo de la gloria y la desgracia del cacique, es también el punto de unión entre la memoria colectiva del pueblo -de donde procede- y la memoria individual del cacique. Ambas memorias se funden en una síntesis ideal que integra la novela en su totalidad.

Topografia y naturaleza, una lectura simbolica de El Llano en llamas

( Claudia Macias De Yoon ) 한국스페인어문학회 2013 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.68

El colofon de la primera edicion de El Llano en llamas registra que se termino de imprimir el 18 de septiembre de 1953, en la Ciudad de Mexico. En este articulo, a manera de homenaje por los sesenta anos de su publicacion, tomaremos como corpus de nuestro estudio el cuento El Llano en llamas que da titulo al volumen. Las lecturas que sobre este se han realizado atienden preferentemente a su caracter sociohistorico, por ser tal vez el unico cuento de Juan Rulfo cuyos personajes son casi todos verificables en la historia. Nuestro enfoque sera desde una perspectiva mitico-simbolica, ademas considerando las modificaciones hechas por el autor desde su primera publicacion en 1950 y hasta la version definitiva en 1980, para mostrar de que manera la topografia y la naturaleza descritas con un lenguaje autoctono estan en funcion de la evolucion del caracter del grupo rebelde que se disuelve en una estructura que cierra con un final conciliador que rompe con el esquema desarrollado en los demas cuentos del volumen, de un mundo opresivo, fatalista y en situaciones dificiles de superar.

“Ladron de ninos” de Ricardo Chavez Castaneda: la herencia del mal de Roberto Arlt y Juan Carlos Onetti

( Claudia Macias De Yoon ) 한국스페인어문학회(구 한국서어서문학회) 2017 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.83

Ricardo Chavez Castaneda has been known as a member of the Crack, from the year of 1996. Nevertheless, he has followed his own trajectory as a novelist. Chavez Castaneda has been interested in the social problems of Mexico: the childhood as a victim of the evil has special significance in his novels and short stories. In this article, we analyze his short story “Thief of Children”(2012), awarded in Cuba. The object of our analysis is to demonstrate that this story follows the same line of the symbolism of evil, from “Dreaded Hell”(1957) by Juan Carlos Onetti, and “The Beasts”(1933) by Roberto Arlt. Both stories, which have been indicated as masterpieces “on the human cruelty” by Mario Vargas Llosa, take as victims the children who lose their innocence for the human evilness. We will follow the theoretical proposal of Paul Ricoeur from his book The Symbolism of Evil.

Limites de la conciencia historica en Palacio Quemado de Edmundo Paz-Soldan

( Claudia Macias De Yoon ) 한국스페인어문학회 2016 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.78

Edmundo Paz-Soldan emerged on the international scene in the context of McOndo anthology, which is characterized for proclaiming a neo individualistic aesthetic on the postmodern platform. Nevertheless, in Palacio Quemado(2006), he seems a writer interested in the Bolivian history, taking up some historical facts in order to develop a proposal on La Paz and Cochabamba instead of the mythical town Rio Fugitivo, as in his previous novels. This article points out that although the author expresses an historical awareness, the historical references in the novel are based on his autobiography and his essays as socio-political analyst. Consequently, in the novel, there is particular view of the plurinational project proclaimed by the President Evo Morales. In order to achieve our objective, the first paragraph introduces the context of the publication of this novel, its importance in the United States and Latin America. The second part examines the contents of the political essay that are included in the novelized narration. And, the third section analyses the incorporation and adaptation of the elements of the novel from the autobiography towards the national history. Finally, in the fourth section, we will set out to present the project plurinacional against the problem of racism.

De Los dias enmascarados a los Cuentos sobrenaturales: tres rituales simbolicos.

( Claudia Macias De Yoon ) 한국스페인어문학회 2015 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.76

La critica senalo que “Chac Mool” era el mejor cuento de la primera coleccion de relatos, publicada por Carlos Fuentes en 1954, considerando que el resto eran esbozos que cristalizarian en textos posteriores. En 2007, aparecio el libro Cuentos sobrenaturales, incluyendo “Pantera en jazz” que el autor habia dejado fuera de Los dias enmascarados, mas Aura, considerada como novela corta y no como cuento. Si bien Aura y “Chac Mool” comprenden los rituales simbolicos mas estudiados, estan tambien el de “Letania de la orquidea”, cuento incluido en ambas colecciones, y el de “Pantera en jazz”, que han recibido escasa atencion. En la primera parte, este articulo revisa dichos rituales con enfasis en el proceso de mitificacion y desmitificacion de los protagonistas, siguiendo la teoria de Mircea Eliade sobre nacimientos misticos y los principios de la numerologia. En la segunda parte, se analizan los elementos simbolicos que reaparecen en el discurso de Vlad, a fin de mostrar que en el convergen motivos de cuentos anteriores.

El proyecto de ``novela tatal`` en No sera la Tierra de Jorge Volpi

( Claudia Macias De Yoon ) 한국스페인어문학회 2012 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.64

La caida del dictador en La Fiesta del Chivo

( Claudia Macias De Yoon ) 한국스페인어문학회 2012 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.63

Mario Vargas Llosa asume una postura de compromiso en La Fiesta del Chivo(2000), en tanto que le interesa desmitificar la figura del tirano para mostrar el alcance del mal que representa la dictadura. En este articulo se revisan algunos aspectos simbolicos y miticos relacionados con la configuracion del personaje como dictador y con su caida, considerando dos apartados principales. Primero, la decrepitud del tirano compartida con dos personajes, Manuel Alfonso y Agustin Cabral, que abren el proceso de desmitificacion. Segundo, la relacion de la Hidra de Lerna y de elementos del Orfismo con Urania y sus dobles representadas en Moni y Rosalia Perdomo, personajes y simbolos que influiran en la muerte y caida final de Trujillo y del poder de su dictadura.

Regulation and Control of the Privatization of Security in Conflict Zones

Andres Macias 한국국제정치학회 2011 한국국제정치학회 기타간행물 Vol.2011 No.6

The presence of private providers of military and security services in conflict zones has increased in the aftermath of the Cold War. Although the use of Private Security Companies (PSC) and Private Military Companies (PMC) has become very popular among States, international organizations, and multinational corporations, regulation over them is scarce, insufficient, and inadequate. This paper examines the main reasons behind the tendency to rely on private security providers and the impact they have on the promotion of peace and on the safeguard of human rights in conflict areas. PSCs and PMCs carry out military training programs and in some cases bear the same duties and responsibilities as armies do, becoming also potential perpetrators of violations of human rights. Stricter control and regulation is needed in order to make their actions and omissions accountable. The privatization of security entails difficult challenges to the promotion of human rights and awareness on the implications they represent needs to be raised to national and international levels.

Las Causas Detrás de la Crisis Agrícola Mexicana

Carlos Alfonso Macias Valadez 한국외국어대학교 외국종합연구센터 중남미연구소 2010 중남미연구 Vol.28 No.2

Potencial de dreamers mexicanos en progreso nacional

Carlos Alfonso Macias Valadez 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2018 중남미연구 Vol.37 No.4

In modern times, the United States has become an immigration destination for many people seeking the so-called “American dream”, which allows them to progress in an environment of equality and freedom. However, the reality is different since most of them become de facto illegal immigrants. A part of them are the infants that were taken to the United States at a young age, who have lived there more years than in their countries of origin. These young people are known as “dreamers”. With the xenophobic policy of the Trump’s administration, this group has become the most vulnerable for a possible deportation since the State has all their personal data. As a result, recently, there have been cases of deportations to Mexico of some of these dreamers, who on the one hand suffer from an identity crisis, identifying themselves as Americans, while on the other try to adjust themselves to their original homeland. In this line, it is necessary to design strategies to take advantage of their potential in a pragmatic way, so they can be integrated into Mexican society in order to progress both individually and nationally. This aim leads the development of this study.