Prospects for Canada’s Federalism in the 21st Century

Thomas R. Klassen(Thomas R. Klassen ) 한국캐나다학회 2007 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.13 No.1

When Canada was created in 1867 it was a union of essentially equal provinces, with federal powers balanced between the House of Commons and the Senate. The new country was closely tied to Great Britain, and Aboriginal peoples were excluded from the governance of Canada. Developments in the past 140 years including the increase in the scope of provincial activities call for reforms to Canada’s governance structures especially with regard to: 1) the head of state; 2) the Senate; 3) the Atlantic provinces; 4) the role of Aboriginal peoples; and 5) education policy. Reforms in these areas, including a “made-in-Canada” head of state, a transformation of the Senate, a review of how the Atlantic provinces might better collaborate, the inclusion of Aboriginal peoples in governance fora, and a greater federal role in education policy will prepare Canada for the challenge and opportunities of the 21st century.

Devolution and Democracy: Labor Market Policy in Canada and the United Kingdom 1996-2006

Thomas R. Klassen,Donna Wood 한국행정학회 2008 International Review of Public Administration Vol.12 No.2

As a result of the devolution of labor market policy, new governance arrangements have arisen in the past decade in both Canada and the United Kingdom. These emerging relations are analyzed with respect to the degree to which they have facilitated the democratic engagement of stakeholders, citizens and legislators. Post devolution the Canadian federal system demonstrates decreased democratic engagement, while in the United Kingdom it has increased substantially. This is attributable to the competitive intergovernmental relationship in Canada, and the unwillingness on the part of federal and provincial politicians and officials to collectively engage with stakeholders and citizens. In contrast, intergovernmental relations in the early days of United Kingdom devolution are cooperative, due to the presence of civil service and political party accommodation processes not found in Canada. The European Union also contributes to democratic engagement in the United Kingdom, providing an opportunity for social partners and civil society to participate in policy making.

Social Consensus in the Process of Pension Reform in Canada

( Thomas R. Klassen ) 한국보건사회연구원 2008 保健社會硏究 Vol.28 No.1

Social consensus is critical in reconciling equality and freedom, including the creation and on-going modification of the welfare state. Without sufficient consensus among the major societal groups and among citizens, reforms will not occur, or at least not last for long. In the past 25 years there have been numerous efforts to reform components of the three pillars of Canada`s pension regime. These pension reforms and role of social consensus is shaping outcomes are unique, reflecting the particular political and demographic conditions, and other characteristics of the nation. Nevertheless, there are three insights that can be drawn that areof value for South Korean policy makers and public administrators. First, frequent policy shifts or debates can undermine the necessary consensus and stability required for individuals, and organizations, to make longer term financial plans. Second, a modest mandatory public plan will tend to draw widespread acceptance, at least within a liberal welfare state. Third, a three pillarpension regime means that most Canadians do not rely solely on any one component of the pension regime. Consequently, social consensus can be reached more easily among the social partners and other stakeholders in under such conditions, compared to a nation with only one major pension program.

Retirement policies for an aging society: The case of Canada

( Thomas R. Klassen ) 연세대학교 사회과학연구소 2007 社會科學論集 Vol.38 No.1

Legalized mandatory retirement at age 65 is a longstanding feature of the Canadian labour market, and society. Although the highest court ruled in 1990 that such policies were legal, politicians are revising legislation to prevent involuntary retirement. As in several other Anglo Saxon countries, the combination of a strong emphasis on individual human rights - a feature of liberal market economies and liberal welfare regimes - as well as an aging population has prompted reforms to mandatory retirement policies. Labour unions have been the most opposed to removing mandatory retirement, fearing that workers will receive lower public and private pension benefits. However, a comparison with the United States, and several other nations, suggests that this need not necessarily be the case in Canada. Nevertheless, because of demographic shifts and life cycle changes, many Canadians workers-and those in other developed countries-can expect to work longer in the foreseeable than in the past.

전면적인 연금개혁 없이 빈곤을 감소시키는 방법: 캐나다의 사례

( Thomas R. Klassen ) 한국보건사회연구원 2008 국제사회보장동향 Vol.3 No.4

췌장이식환자에서 Tacrolimus와 Cyclosporine이 급성거부반응과 신장장애에 미치는 영향

오정미,David Klassen 한국임상약학회 1999 한국임상약학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The Effects of Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine on Acute Graft Rejection Episode and Acute Renal Dysfunction Following Pancreas Transplantation

오정미,Oh, Jung Mi,Klassen, David Korean College Of Clinical Pharmacy 1999 한국임상약학회지 Vol.9 No.2

췌장이식의 성공률은 지난 10년 동안 상당히 상승되었다. International Pancreas Transplant Registry에 따르면 1995년 이래 미국에서만 매년 1,000건 이상의 췌장이식이 실시되고 있다. 장기이식후 나타나는 급성 거부반응은 이식 후 6개월 이내에 가장 높은 빈도수로 나타난다. 췌장이식환자에서는 신장을 이식한 것보다 두배나 높은 거부반응을 나타나며 이로 인한 입원율의 증가 항림프제(antilyinphocyte) 사용과 감염의 증가로 이환율이 높다. 더구나 Cyclosporine (CsA)을 기초로 한 면역억제제요법의 사용은 높은 급성 거부반응률(acute graft rejection)을 초래하여 이식한 장기의 조직손실이 문제가 되고 있다. 새로운 면역억제제인 Tacrolimus (FK506)의 사용은 이식환자에서의 거부반응을 감소시켜 생존율을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. Tacrolimus는 neutral macrolide로 cyclic peptide인 CsA과는 화학 구조는 매우 다르나 비슷한 면역억제 효과를 보인다. 하지만 Tacrolimus의 사용시 신경독성, 신독성, 특히 고혈당증의 발생률이 높아 일부 이식센터에서는 장기 이식 후에 사용하기를 꺼리기도 한다. 하지만 여러 연구논문에서 간과 신장 이식 후 급성 거부반응 예방에 Tacrolimus는 CsA에 비해 이점이 있는 결과를 발표하였다. 결과적으로, 현재 췌장이식 후 Tacrolimus를 기초로 한 면역억제의 효과에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행중이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1994-1996년 사이에 Tacrolimus 또는 CsA를 기초로 한 면역억제요법을 투여 받은 췌장이식환자 101명을 후향적으로 조사하여 Tacrolimus (n=54)와 CsA(n=57)의 급성 거부반응 예방 효과와 신부전 발생률을 비교하였다. 모든 환자는 항림프구 약물, Azathioprine, Prednisone을 이식 후 면역억제제로 투여 받았다 기준선으로부터 $20\%$ 이상의 혈청 creatinine의 상승이 있는 환자에서는 급성 신부전으로 정의하였고 신장생검법으로 거부반응을 진단하였다 Matched-pair analysis에 따르면 췌장이식환자의 6개월 생존율은 CsA군에서 $97\%$, Tacrolimus군에서 $96\%$로 별다른 차이가 없었으며 (p=0.57), 6개월간의 이식한 췌장의 보존율은 CsA군에서는 $88\%, Tacrolimus에서 $91\%$. 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.29). 췌장이식 후 6개월 동안 Tacrolimus의 사용은 생검으로 증명되는(biopsy-proven) 급성 거부반응의 발생빈도는 CsA보다 유의하게 낮았을 뿐만 아니라 (p<0.05) 거부반응 증상의 심각도 또한 감소시켰다 (p=0.03). 급성거부반응 발생빈도의 감소로 Tacrolimus군에서 antilymphocyte 치료가 유의하게 줄어들었다(p=0.01). CsA군에서 Tacrolimus보다 신부전의 발생률이 높았으나 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 췌장이식후의 최적의 면역억제요법의 결정하기 위해서는 향후 Tacrolimus와 CsA을 비교하는 전향적 무작위 연구가 필요하다.

Growth of 1 inch $LuVO_4$ single crystals by the edge-defined film-fed-growth (EFG) technique

Kochurikhin, V.V.,Klassen, A.V.,Kvyat, E.V.,Ivanov, M.A. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2005 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.15 No.6

In suite of their superior optical and laser properties rare-earth orthovanadate single crystals have not been adopted yet into extensive industrial applications because of crystal growth difficulties. The edge-defined film-fed-growth (EFG) technique was applied successfully for the production of such crystals. At first time 1 inch $LuVO_4$ single crystals were grown by the EFG technique using newly developed die construction of high porous iridium with the application of automatic diameter control system.

Push‐Pull Design of Bis(tridentate) Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Chromophores as Deep Red Light Emitters in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Breivogel, Aaron,Park, Myeongjin,Lee, Donggu,Klassen, Stefanie,Kü,hnle, Angelika,Lee, Changhee,Char, Kookheon,Heinze, Katja Wiley-VCH 2014 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with a simple device structure were prepared by using heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes [<B>1</B>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>–[<B>3</B>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> as emitters. The push‐pull substitution shifts the emission energy to low energy, into the NIR region. The devices emit deep red light up to a maximum emission wavelength of 755 nm [CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates: <I>x</I> = 0.731, <I>y</I> = 0.269 for [<B>3</B>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>], which, to the best of our knowledge, is the lowest emission energy for LECs containing bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes. A device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ruthenium(II) complex/Ag was used, and the thickness of the emitting layer was measured by AFM [ITO: indium tin oxide, PEDOT: poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), PSS: poly(styrenesulfonate), AFM: atomic force microscopy]. To enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE), cells were fabricated with and without poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as additive in the emitting layer.</P>

Isolation of Neural Progenitor Cells from Brain and Retina of Fetus of RFP-Transgenic Cat

Y. S. Lee,H. K. Klassen,J. Yang,X. F. Yu,I. K. Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2008 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1