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Devolution and Democracy: Labor Market Policy in Canada and the United Kingdom 1996-2006
Thomas R. Klassen,Donna Wood 한국행정학회 2008 International Review of Public Administration Vol.12 No.2
As a result of the devolution of labor market policy, new governance arrangements have arisen in the past decade in both Canada and the United Kingdom. These emerging relations are analyzed with respect to the degree to which they have facilitated the democratic engagement of stakeholders, citizens and legislators. Post devolution the Canadian federal system demonstrates decreased democratic engagement, while in the United Kingdom it has increased substantially. This is attributable to the competitive intergovernmental relationship in Canada, and the unwillingness on the part of federal and provincial politicians and officials to collectively engage with stakeholders and citizens. In contrast, intergovernmental relations in the early days of United Kingdom devolution are cooperative, due to the presence of civil service and political party accommodation processes not found in Canada. The European Union also contributes to democratic engagement in the United Kingdom, providing an opportunity for social partners and civil society to participate in policy making.