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HVEM is a TNF Receptor with Multiple Regulatory Roles in the Mucosal Immune System
Jr-Wen Shui,Mitchell Kronenberg 대한면역학회 2014 Immune Network Vol.14 No.2
The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), and therefore it is also known as TNFRSF14 or CD270 (1,2). In recent years, we have focused on understanding HVEM function in the mucosa of the intestine, particularly on the role of HVEM in colitis pathogenesis, host defense and regulation of the microbiota (2-4). HVEM is an unusual TNF receptor because of its high expression levels in the gut epithelium, its capacity to bind ligands that are not members of the TNF super family, including immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members BTLA and CD160, and its bi-directional functionality, acting as a signaling receptor or as a ligand for the receptor BTLA. Clinically, Hvem recently was reported as an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk gene as a result of genome wide association studies (5,6). This suggests HVEM could have a regulatory role influencing the regulation of epithelial barrier, host defense and the microbiota. Consistent with this, using mouse models, we have revealed how HVEM is involved in colitis pathogenesis, mucosal host defense and epithelial immunity (3,7). Although further studies are needed, our results provide the fundamental basis for understanding why Hvem is an IBD risk gene, and they confirm that HVEM is a mucosal gatekeeper with multiple regulatory functions in the mucosa.
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HVEM is a TNF Receptor with Multiple Regulatory Roles in the Mucosal Immune System
Shui, Jr-Wen,Kronenberg, Mitchell The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2014 Immune Network Vol.14 No.2
The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), and therefore it is also known as TNFRSF14 or CD270 (1,2). In recent years, we have focused on understanding HVEM function in the mucosa of the intestine, particularly on the role of HVEM in colitis pathogenesis, host defense and regulation of the microbiota (2-4). HVEM is an unusual TNF receptor because of its high expression levels in the gut epithelium, its capacity to bind ligands that are not members of the TNF super family, including immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members BTLA and CD160, and its bi-directional functionality, acting as a signaling receptor or as a ligand for the receptor BTLA. Clinically, Hvem recently was reported as an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk gene as a result of genome wide association studies (5,6). This suggests HVEM could have a regulatory role influencing the regulation of epithelial barrier, host defense and the microbiota. Consistent with this, using mouse models, we have revealed how HVEM is involved in colitis pathogenesis, mucosal host defense and epithelial immunity (3,7). Although further studies are needed, our results provide the fundamental basis for understanding why Hvem is an IBD risk gene, and they confirm that HVEM is a mucosal gatekeeper with multiple regulatory functions in the mucosa.
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Modeling and analysis of multi-shot injection molding of Blu-ray objective lens
Min-Wen Wang,Chao-Hsien Chen,Fatahul Arifin,Jian-Jr Lin 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.10
The Blu-ray objective lens is one of the electronic parts that has an important role in data storage in such a way that its production requires a high level of accuracy. One way to produce the Blu-ray objective lens is by means of a micro-injection molding technique. We investigated the effect of insert part in a multi-shot injection molding on the shrinkage after the process of injection. An aspherical shape is made for the insert part of the Blu-ray objective lens, then compared with single-shot injection molding. Zemax software was used to design the Blu-ray objective lens, while Moldex3D software was applied to analyze the flow of material into the mold during the injection process. The Taguchi method was used to determine the best parameters to obtain the minimum shrinkage values of the injection processes of both multi-shot injection and single-shot injection molding techniques. Based on the observations, it is clearly evident that the multi-shot injection molding process has a lower displacement value compared to the single-shot injection molding, namely, 0.0161 mm compared to 0.0550 mm and also the multi-shot injection can save the cooling time 5 seconds faster than single-shot injection molding. So, this can favorably improve the production of the injection process for the material in the form of the micro part.
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LIGHT-HVEM Signaling in Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets Protects Against Enteric Bacterial Infection
Seo, Goo-Young,Shui, Jr-Wen,Takahashi, Daisuke,Song, Christina,Wang, Qingyang,Kim, Kenneth,Mikulski, Zbigniew,Chandra, Shilpi,Giles, Daniel A.,Zahner, Sonja,Kim, Pyeung-Hyeun,Cheroutre, Hilde,Colonna, Elsevier 2018 Cell host & microbe Vol.24 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important regulators of early infection at mucosal barriers. ILCs are divided into three groups based on expression profiles, and are activated by cytokines and neuropeptides. Yet, it remains unknown if ILCs integrate other signals in providing protection. We show that signaling through herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, in ILC3 is important for host defense against oral infection with the bacterial pathogen <I>Yersinia enterocolitica.</I> HVEM stimulates protective interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion from ILCs, and mice with HVEM-deficient ILC3 exhibit reduced IFN-γ production, higher bacterial burdens and increased mortality. In addition, IFN-γ production is critical as adoptive transfer of wild-type but not IFN-γ-deficient ILC3 can restore protection to mice lacking ILCs. We identify the TNF superfamily member, LIGHT, as the ligand inducing HVEM signals in ILCs. Thus HVEM signaling mediated by LIGHT plays a critical role in regulating ILC3-derived IFN-γ production for protection following infection.</P> <P><B>Video Abstract</B></P> <P>Display Omitted</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ILC3 are required for early host defense during <I>Y. enterocolitica</I> infection </LI> <LI> IFN-γ from CCR6<SUP>−</SUP> ILC3 is essential for protection of mice from <I>Yersinia</I> </LI> <LI> HVEM expression by ILC3 is important for IFN-γ production following infection </LI> <LI> LIGHT is the ligand for HVEM signaling in regulating ILC3-derived IFN-γ production </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Structure of Spot Rates and Duration Hedging
Bing-Huei Lin,Jr-Yan Wang,Shih-Wen Tai 한국증권학회 2011 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.40 No.4
The present study proposes a three-factor model using spot rates as proxies for the state variables of the term structure of interest rates. Empirical analysis is carried out on the in-sample explanatory power and the out-of-sample prediction ability of spot-rate models, and comparison is made between the modified Macaulay duration and spot-rate duration hedging for bond portfolios. The results not only show that the optimal three-spot-rate model outperforms the optimal two-spot-rate model proposed by Elton et al. (Journal of Finance, 45, 1990, 629–642) with respect to explanation ability of unexpected changes in the term structure of interest rates, but also illustrate the importance of capturing the curvature characteristic of the term structure of interest rates for spot-rate duration hedging methods. Moreover, the impressive performance of three-spot-rate duration hedging implies that it is feasible to reduce the dimensions of state variables to three for the purposes of risk exposure prediction and risk management of bond portfolios.
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