Locating and Utilising Inherent Qualities in an Expanded Sound Palette for Solo Flute

Alice Bennett(알리스 베넷),Vincent Giles(빈센트 길레스) 한국전자음악협회 2015 에밀레 Vol.13 No.-

플루트 독주 특유의 즉흥적 음악언어를 추구하면서, 전통적이고 현대적인 연주기법의 범위를 넘어 컴퓨터를 이용한 악기의 확장이라는 영역으로 넘어가야 할 필요성을 종종 느낄 때가 있다. 이러한 이유로 알리스 베넷Alice Bennett의 창작 작품은 실용적인 사운드 팔레트를 확장시키는 새로운 전자음향적 기술을 탐색케 한다. 이 글은 빈센트 길레스Vincent Giles가 실시간으로 분광 영역 마이크로사운드 증폭 소프트웨어SDMAS(Spectral Domain Microsound Amplification Software)를 사용한 플루트 연주에 관하여 기술한다. 분광 영역 마이크로사운드 증폭 소프트웨어SDMAS는 실시간으로 입력된 소리가 특정 음량 기준점 주변 배음들의 음량을 변화시켜, 작은 소리를 상대적으로 큰 음량으로 증폭시킨다. 그 결과 들을 수 없었을 [작은] 배음들이 큰 음량의 배음들과 같이 커져, 기존의 악기 혹은 변형된 악기 음색과도 확연히 다른 음색을 얻게 된다. 이는 연주자/작곡가가 순전히 어쿠스틱 악기에서 얻을 수 있는 것과 다른 음색을 보여줄 뿐 아니라 보다 넓은 영역의 음색을 활용할 수 있게 해준다. 이는 초월적 악기의 확장형태instrument configuration에 기반한, 음향적으로 풍부하고 독특한 즉흥적 음악언어를 이끌어 낼 것이다. In the search for an idiosyncratic improvisatory language of solo flute performance, it is sometimes necessary to move beyond the scope of traditional and extended techniques into the world of instrument-extension through computers. To this end, Alice Bennett’s creative work leads to the exploration of new electroacoustic techniques, searching for ways to expand the available sonic palette. This paper documents an electronically-extended flute performance utilising Vincent Giles’ Spectral Domain Microsound Amplification Software (SDMAS) in real-time. The SDMAS amplifies soft sounds relative to loud, by real-time input, shifting the partials by amplitude around an amplitude-based pivot point. The result is that these otherwise-inaudible partials increased to audibility alongside the higher amplitude partials, drastically altering the perceived timbre of the instrument or instruments being treated. This allows the performer/composer to not only discover, but to exploit a greater range of timbres than are available to a purely acoustic instrument. These explorations lead to a sonically enriched and idiosyncratic improvisatory language based on this hyper-instrument configuration.

Nilotinib is active in chronic and accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia following failure of imatinib and dasatinib therapy

Giles, F J,Abruzzese, E,Rosti, G,Kim, D-W,Bhatia, R,Bosly, A,Goldberg, S,Kam, G L S,Jagasia, M,Mendrek, W,Fischer, T,Facon, T,Dü,nzinger, U,Marin, D,Mueller, M C,Shou, Y,Gallagher, N J,Larson, R A Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 Leukemia Vol.24 No.7

Nilotinib is a highly selective Bcr–Abl inhibitor approved for imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Nilotinib and dasatinib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor also approved for second-line therapy in CML, have different patterns of kinase selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and cell uptake and efflux properties, and thus patients may respond to one following failure of the other. An international phase II study of nilotinib was conducted in CML patients (39 chronic phase (CP), 21 accelerated phase (AP)) after failure of both imatinib and dasatinib. Median times from diagnosis of CP or AP to nilotinib therapy were 89 and 83 months, respectively. Complete hematological response and major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rates in CP were 79% and 43%, respectively. Of 17 evaluable patients with CML-AP, 5 (29%) had a confirmed hematological response and 2 (12%) a MCyR. The median time to progression has not yet been reached in CP patients. At 18 months 59% of patients were progression-free. Median overall survival for both populations has not been reached, and the estimated 18-month survival rate in CML-CP was 86% and that at 12 months for CML-AP was 80%. Nilotinib is an effective therapy in CML-CP and -AP following failure of both imatinib and dasatinib therapy.

Virtual War: States of Prolepsis and the Aesthetics of Violence

Paul Giles 한국영어영문학회 2019 영어 영문학 Vol.65 No.4

This paper discusses ways in which the definition of war has become more amorphous in the twenty-first century, being displaced from a series of material conflicts typically organized through competing national ideologies to a more generalized state of collective anxiety and terror. This shift in the definition of war is linked to technology and equated with similar shifts in the discursive patterns of medicine. The paper suggests that such a reorientation of the meaning of war allows us to reconsider literary history, with particular attention to the ways in which civil wars throughout history created fissures and lingering tensions within the body of a nation state. It also suggests that civil wars might be understood as precursors to transnational understandings of a national body, one always already fractured. By indicating how the rhetoric of war has long been embedded in various ways within English and American literary history, this paper offers new ways of understanding the relationship between war and society. Despite the tendency of war to lend itself to retrospective mythologies consolidating national identity, this paper suggests that war is always a scene of multiple ambiguities. With reference to Salvador Dali’s painting The Face of War and Wilfred Owen’s poem “Strange Meeting”, it also suggests ways in which war may serve to illuminate some of the strangeness and alienation inherent within the human condition.

구글, 54억 달러에 사이버보안 기업 맨디언트 인수

MARTIN GILES 중앙일보에스 2022 Forbes Korea = 포브스 코리아 Vol.2022 No.4

아이들은 비만을 이해하는 열쇠이다. 하지만 유전자가 더 많이 필요하다.

자일스 예오(Giles Yeo) 유니콘웨일 2024 BBC science Vol.2024 No.2

[WEIGHT LOSS] 효과 있는 모든 다이어트의 세 가지 규칙

길스 여(Giles Yeo) 유니콘웨일 2023 BBC science Vol.2023 No.6

[COMMENT] BMI: 이 거짓 지수를 계속 사용해야 할까?

길스 예오(Giles Yeo) 유니콘웨일 2021 BBC science Vol.2021 No.8

Interpreting Data

Roger Alsop(로저 알솝),Vincent Giles(빈센트 길레스) 한국전자음악협회 2015 에밀레 Vol.13 No.-

이 글은 두 저자의 음악 작품, 길레스Giles의 《탄소결합 은Silver With Carbon Bond》과 알솝Alsop의 《플로우 2000 Flow 2000》을 제작할 때 과학적인 데이터를 활용한 방법에 대해 논한다. 《탄소결합 은》은 저자가 바이오21Bio21 연구소의 상주작곡가일 때 만든 질량 분광분석spectrometry 데이터를 음악적으로 구현한 작품이다. 이 작품에서 질량 대 전하의 빈도frequency와 탄소결합 은의 원자질량이 갖는 절대적, 상대적 강도의 빈도수를 나타낸 실험 결과들을 다룬다. 이 결과들은 질량 및 전하의 빈도수를 소리의 주파수로, 상대적 강도를 음량으로, 맥스패치Max Patch는 출력을 합성화하는데 관계지어 사용된다. 스피어SPEAR는 분광분석을 하거나, 합성사운드를 개시 탐지onset detection 하고, 그것을 에스디아이에프(소리묘사교환형식)SDIF(Sound Description Interchange Format) 데이터로 추출하는 데 사용되었다. 이 추출된 에스디아이에프 파일은 이르캄IRCAM의 오픈뮤직OpenMusic 기반의 패치형태로 분광분석 파일을 해석하여 그 결과를 기보해낸다. 이렇게 그려진 악보raw notation가 《탄소결합 은》의 기초가 되었다. 《플로우 2000》에서는 상상의 유연한 물체가 속도와 밀도, 튜브모양의 길이와 폭, 점성의 역동성과 운동성의 [여섯] 요소들이 변화하면서 표현되는 이론적인 행위를 그려낸 작품이다. 이 요소들은 소리의 여러 음높이, 사인파의 위상 변화로 인한 다양한 음색, 공간적 위치변화에 의한 다양한 스테레오binaural 효과, 셈여림과 길이 부분으로 전환되었다. [앞서 언급한] 여섯 요소의 임의로 생성된 값에 기반하여 여러가지 상상의 [액체의 흐름을 나타내는] 레이놀즈수Reynold numbers로 이 부분들의 수치를 결정하였다. 이 글은 두 작품을 창작하는 과정과 각 작품에서 나타나는 작곡가의 효과적인 미학적 선택, 앞으로 음악/과학 융합작품에서 사용가능한 방법들을 세세히 기술한다. This paper discusses ways the authors use data from the science in the creation of musical works, Silver With Carbon Bond, by Giles and Flow 2000 by Alsop described below. Silver With Carbon Bond, created while in-residence at the Bio 21 Institute, is a musical representation of mass spectrometry data. It takes experiment results, which describes the mass to charge frequency, and the true and relative intensities of each frequency of atomic mass of silver bonded with carbon. It relates the mass/charge frequency to specify sound frequency, and the relative intensity to specify amplitude, and a Max patch is used to synthesise output. SPEAR was used to do a spectral analysis and onset detection of the synthesised sounds, and to export that data as SDIF. The SDIF file is then used in a patch developed using IRCAM’s OpenMusic that reads the spectral analysis file and outputs notation. This raw notation then formed the basis for the piece Silver With Carbon Bond. Flow 2000 represents the theoretical behaviour of imaginary fluids as represented through varying the elements of velocity, density, tube length and width, and dynamic and kinematic viscosity. These elements are sonically represented as: frequency, timbre variation based on altering phase of sine waves, positioning within a binaural space, amplitude, and duration. A varying imagined Reynolds number based on randomly generated seed values for the six elements is used to generate the numeric values of these elements. The paper details the processes used to create the two works, the influence of the composers’ aesthetic preferences in the creation of each piece, and potential ways in which the processes may be used in the development of other works that exemplify the music/science nexus.

Preferential association of a functional variant in complement receptor 2 with antibodies to double-stranded DNA

Zhao, Jian,Giles, Brendan M,Taylor, Rhonda L,Yette, Gabriel A,Lough, Kara M,Ng, Han Leng,Abraham, Lawrence J,Wu, Hui,Kelly, Jennifer A,Glenn, Stuart B,Adler, Adam J,Williams, Adrienne H,Comeau, Mary E H. K. Lewis 2016 Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol.75 No.1

<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OMIM 152700) is characterised by the production of antibodies to nuclear antigens. We previously identified variants in complement receptor 2 (<I>CR2/CD21</I>) that were associated with decreased risk of SLE. This study aimed to identify the causal variant for this association.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Genotyped and imputed genetic variants spanning <I>CR2</I> were assessed for association with SLE in 15 750 case-control subjects from four ancestral groups. Allele-specific functional effects of associated variants were determined using quantitative real-time PCR, quantitative flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The strongest association signal was detected at rs1876453 in intron 1 of <I>CR2</I> (p<SUB>meta</SUB>=4.2×10<SUP>−4</SUP>, OR 0.85), specifically when subjects were stratified based on the presence of dsDNA autoantibodies (case-control p<SUB>meta</SUB>=7.6×10<SUP>−7</SUP>, OR 0.71; case-only p<SUB>meta</SUB>=1.9×10<SUP>−4</SUP>, OR 0.75). Although allele-specific effects on B cell <I>CR2</I> mRNA or protein levels were not identified, levels of complement receptor 1 (<I>CR1/CD35)</I> mRNA and protein were significantly higher on B cells of subjects harbouring the minor allele (p=0.0248 and p=0.0006, respectively). The minor allele altered the formation of several DNA protein complexes by EMSA, including one containing CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), an effect that was confirmed by ChIP-PCR.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These data suggest that rs1876453 in <I>CR2</I> has long-range effects on gene regulation that decrease susceptibility to lupus. Since the minor allele at rs1876453 is preferentially associated with reduced risk of the highly specific dsDNA autoantibodies that are present in preclinical, active and severe lupus, understanding its mechanisms will have important therapeutic implications.</P>

Elucidating Molecular Structures of Nonalkylated and Short-Chain Alkyl (<i>n</i> < 5, (CH₂)_<i>n</i>) Aromatic Compounds in Crude Oils by a Combination of Ion Mobility and Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometries and Theoretical Coll

Ahmed, Arif,Cho, Yunju,Giles, Kevin,Riches, Eleanor,Lee, Jong Wha,Kim, Hugh I.,Choi, Cheol Ho,Kim, Sunghwan American Chemical Society 2014 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.86 No.7

<P>Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry has allowed the determination of elemental formulas of the compounds comprising crude oils. However, elucidating molecular structures remains an analytical challenge. Herein, we propose and demonstrate an approach combining ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and theoretical collisional cross-section (CCS) calculations to determine the molecular structures of aromatic compounds found in crude oils. The approach is composed of three steps. First, chemical structures are suggested based on the elemental formulas determined from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra. Second, theoretical CCS values are calculated based on these proposed structures. Third, the calculated CCS values of the proposed structures are compared with experimentally determined CCS values from IM-MS data to provide proposed structures. For proof of concept, 31 nonalkylated and short-chain alkyl (<I>n</I> < 5, (CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>) aromatic compounds commonly observed in crude oils were analyzed. Theoretical and experimental CCS values matched within a 5% RMS error. This approach was then used to propose structures of compounds in selected <I>m</I>/<I>z</I> regions of crude oil samples. Overall, the combination of ion mobility mass spectrometry, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and theoretical calculations was shown to be a useful tool for elucidating chemical structures of compounds in complex mixtures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2014/ancham.2014.86.issue-7/ac4032737/production/images/medium/ac-2013-032737_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac4032737'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>