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Incidence of Adverse Transition in Smoking Stages among Adolescents of Kinta, Perak
Jeganathan, Premila Devi,Hairi, Noran N.,Al Sadat, Nabilla,Chinna, Karuthan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11
Background: Few local studies have explored the process of adverse transition of smoking stages among adolescents. The present investigation aimed to identify adverse transitions prospectively from the early stages till the escalation of the stages after one year. Materials and Methods: Data were collected in two waves from a cohort of 2,552 adolescents aged 12-13 years old studying in 15 secondary schools based in Kinta, Perak. A multistage sampling method was used to select the schools and a self-administered structured questionnaire was applied to help categorize the participants into five different smoking stages. Nonsmokers were divided into never smokers and susceptible never smokers. Ever-smokers were categorized as experimenters, current smokers or ex-smokers. Results: Among the participants 46.8% were Malay, 33.5% Chinese and 17.1% Indians. At baseline, we had 85.3% non-smokers and 14.6% ever smokers. Incidence of adverse transition among all our participants was 24.1%, with a higher value among male participants (16.8%). A higher proportion of susceptible never smokers and experimenters progressed to current smoking stage compared to never smokers. Conclusions: This study highlights the changes and patterns of adverse transition among adolescents. Male adolescents, those who are susceptible to smoking and those who had already tried experimenting with cigarettes have a higher chance of escalating to a higher smoking stage.
Jeganathan, Premila Devi,Hairi, Noran N.,Al Sadat, Nabilla,Chinna, Karuthan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Background: To identify the prevalence of different stages of smoking and differences in associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Thos longitudinal study started in February 2011 and the subjects were 2552 form one students aged between twelve to thirteen years of from 15 government secondary schools of Kinta, Perak. Data on demographic, parental, school and peer factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. We examined the effects of peer, school and parental factors on the five stages of smoking; never smokers, susceptible never smokers, experimenters, current smokers and ex-smokers, at baseline. Results: In the sample, 19.3% were susceptible never smokers, 5.5% were current smokers 6% were experimenters and 3.1% were ex-smokers. Gender, ethnicity, best friends' smoking status, high peer pressure, higher number of relatives who smoked and parental monitoring were found to be associated with smoking stages. Presence of parent-teen conflict was only associated with susceptible never smokers and experimenters whereas absence of home discussion on smoking hazards was associated with susceptible never smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: We identified variations in the factors associated with the different stages of smoking. Our results highlight that anti-smoking strategies should be tailored according to the different smoking stages.
Removal of iron from drinking water by electrocoagulation: Adsorption and kinetics studies
Subramanyan Vasudevan,Jeganathan Jayaraj,Jothinathan Lakshmi,Ganapathy Sozhan 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.4
The present study provides an electrocoagulation process for the removal of iron from drinking water with aluminum alloy as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. The studies were carried out as a function of pH, temperature and current density. The adsorption capacity was evaluated with both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 98.8% was achieved at a current density of 0.06 A dm−2, at a pH of 6.5. The adsorption of iron preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules. The adsorption process follows second-order kinetics. Temperature studies showed that adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Karichappan, Thirugnanasambandham,Venkatachalam, Sivakumar,Jeganathan, Prakash Maran,Sengodan, Kandasamy Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.6
Removal of COD and TSS from rice mill wastewater was investigated using continuous electrocoagulation method (CEC). The electrical energy consumption (EEC) of the process was also examined in order to evaluate the economic viability. The Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to investigate the effects of major operating variables. Initial pH, current density, electrode distance and flow rate were selected as independent variables in BBD while COD removal, TSS removal and EEC were considered as the response functions. The predicted values of responses obtained using the response function was in good agreement with the experimental data. Optimum operating conditions were found to be pH of 7, current density of 15 mA $cm^{-2}$, electrode distance of 5 cm and flow rate of 70 ml/min. Under these conditions, greater than 89% removal of COD and TSS were obtained with EEC value of 7 KWh.
Mansour Shawky,Chockalingam Jeganathan 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.5
Sustainability of date palm trees based economy envisages regular monitoring of spatio-temporal variations of these trees over time. But, field based counting is a very old style of managing trees which is labour intensive, costly and time consuming while modern geo-spatial technologies provides a fast, cheaper and accurate mechanism. In this regard, the current study attempts to formulate a repeatable and robust approach utilising high spatial resolution remote sensing data integrated with image processing technique and GIS functionalities in automatically extracting palm trees. The study was carried out over Al-Ahssa region in Saudi Arabia. Difficulties posed by dark and bright canopy situation is resolved in this study based on appropriate kernel (based on multiscale analysis) along with focal minimum and focal maximum functions, and individual tree locations were identified correctly. Supervised classification technique was utilised to differentiate trees from non-tree areas. The approach has successfully extracted date palm tree locations with an overall accuracy of 93% with an omission error of 5% and commission error of 4%.
Karichappan, Thirugnanasambandham,Venkatachalam, Sivakumar,Jeganathan, Prakash Maran Korean Chemical Society 2014 대한화학회지 Vol.58 No.2
In this present study, bagasse based pulp and paper industry wastewater was treated under different operating conditions such as initial pH (6-8), temperature ($25-35^{\circ}C$) and contact time (3-7 days) by using Bacillus subtilis. Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effect of process variables on the responses such as turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The experimental data were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the second order polynomial models were developed. Interactive effects of the process variables on the responses were studied using plotting 3D response surface contour graph and the optimum process conditions were found to be: initial pH of 7, temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and contact time of 5 days. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies of turbidity, BOD and COD were found to be 85%, 93% and 80% respectively which are close agreement with real experiments. These results indicate that the treatment of bagasse based pulp and paper industry wastewater using Bacillus subtilis is an effective and novel technique.
Eshun, Derek,Saraf, Rabya,Bae, Soochan,Jeganathan, Jelliffe,Mahmood, Feroze,Dilmen, Serkan,Ke, Qingen,Lee, Dongwon,Kang, Peter M.,Matyal, Robina American Physiological Society 2017 environmental and exercise physiology Vol.122 No.6
<P>NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research project proposes a novel method for drug delivery. Our patented PVAX nanoparticle can detect areas of ischemia and oxidative stress. Although there have been studies about delivering angiogenic molecules to areas of ischemic injury, there are drawbacks of nonspecific delivery as well as short half-lives. Our study is unique because it can specifically deliver NPY3-36 to ischemic tissue and appears to extend the amount of time therapy is available, despite NPY3-36's short half-life.</P>