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이진 디더링 이미지에 적용하는 디지털 워터마킹의 성능개선
김현주,곽내정,안재형 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2001 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.9 No.1
본 논문에서는 이진 프린팅 영상에 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 영상을 디더링 한 후 16×16 크기의 블록으로 나누어 워터마크 값(0 or 1)에 따라 다르게 정의된 기준 블록 패턴과 비교함으로 워터마크를 삽입한다. 워터마크 검출은 워터마크가 삽입된 영상의 카운팅 배열을 생성하고 생성된 카운팅 배열로 워터마크 배열을 만들어 디더링 영상에 삽입된 워터마크 배열과 비교함으로 된다. 성능평가는 워터마크 삽입영상을 프린트 한 후 스캔하여 기존의 방법과 워터마크 검출 성능을 비교하였으며 제안 방법은 기존 방법보다 3~5% 정도 워터마크 검출성능이 개선되어졌다. In this paper we propose a novel method which watermarks are embedded in printed images by exploiting the printing process. First, we convert a original image to a dithered binary image and a dithered binary image divided into the blocks of 16×16 pixel. And then watermark is embedded in a dithered binary image by comparing that blocks with reference block patterns which are determined by watermark values(0 or 1). We extract watermark by comparing the watermark which is reconstructed from the watermark embedded image with the original watermark which is embedded in a binary image. To examine we compare performance of the proposed algorithm with that of the conventional watermark embedding algorithm for printed images by detecting watermark for scan images. Simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm works better than the conventional algorithm.
이원호,현창국,강정호,노재천,조중현,송한범 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)
The purpose of this study was to analyze the housing mobility behavior according to the income change and to predict the probability of upward and downward movements. A binary logit model was used with the data which were obtained by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements in 1989. The sample size was 1620 households in Seoul. The results of this study were as follows; the upward movement probability in rental housing or in single housing was higher than that in owned housing or in apartment housing as household income increased.
분광광도법에 의한 염화철중 규소의 정량에서의 Amberlite LA-2의 이용
김연두,배준현,정현옥 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1988 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1
For the photometric determination of silicon in the iron(Ⅲ) chloride, the iron(Ⅲ) was extracted to organic phase with Amberlite LA-2 in the cons. HCl solution. In the residual aqueous solution, the silicon was determined by molybdenum blue method. The method was found to be very useful to determine a low concentration of silicon in the concentrated iron sample.
CAPS Marker Linked to Tomato Hypocotyl Pigmentation
Hyoun-Joung Kim,Heung-Ryul Lee,Ji Young Hyun,Dong-Chan Won,Dong Oh Hong,Chee Hark Harn 한국원예학회 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.1
Tomato hypocotyl can generally be one of two colors, purple or green. Genetically, this trait is controlled by a single dominant gene. Hypocotyl tissue specific color expression is one of many visible genetic marker sources used to select tomato progeny. However, the visible marker does not show a clear distinction between homozygous genotype and heterozygous genotype from the breeding lines. Therefore, to identify a hypocotyl pigmentation related marker, we screened DNA polymorphisms in thirteen tomato lines showing purple or green hypocotyls. The markers used for screening consisted of primer set information obtained from anthocyanin related genes, conserved ortholog set Ⅱ (COS Ⅱ) marker sets localized near anthocyanin related genes, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers localized near COS Ⅱ markers, which produce polymorphisms between purple and green tomatoes. One primer from a RFLP fragment resulted in a polymorphism on agarose gel electrophoresis. From the RFLP fragment, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed to distinguish between purple and green hypocotyls. The genotypes of 135 F2 individuals were analyzed using the CAPS marker, and among them, 132 individuals corresponded to the phenotypes of hypocotyl pigmentation.
Hyoun-Joung Kim,Heung-Ryul Lee,Jung-Heon Han,염선인,Chee-Hark Harn,김병동 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.2
Despite increasing awareness of the importance of WRKY genes in plant defense signaling, the locations of these genes in the Capsicum genome have not been established. To develop WRKY-based markers, primer sequences were deduced from the conserved sequences of the DNA binding motif within the WRKY domains of tomato and pepper genes. These primers were derived from upstream and downstream parts of the conserved sequences of the three WRKY groups. Six primer combinations of each WRKY group were tested for polymorphisms between the mapping parents, C. annuum ‘CM334’ and C. annuum ‘Chilsungcho’. DNA fragments amplified by primer pairs deduced from WRKY Group II genes revealed high levels of polymorphism. Using 32 primer pairs to amplify upstream and downstream parts of the WRKY domain of WRKY group II genes, 60 polymorphic bands were detected. Polymorphisms were not detected with primer pairs from downstream parts of WRKY group II genes. Half of these primers were subjected to F2 genotyping to construct a linkage map. Thirty of 41 markers were located evenly spaced on 20 of the 28 linkage groups, without clustering. This linkage map also consisted of 199 AFLP and 26 SSR markers. This WRKY-based marker system is a rapid and simple method for generating sequence-specific markers for plant gene families.
Application of Disease Resistance Markers for Developing Elite Tomato Varieties and Lines
Hyoun-Joung Kim,Heung-Ryul Lee,Ji Young Hyun,Dong-Chan Won,Dong Oh Hong,Hwajin Cho,Kyung Ah Lee,Nam Han Her,Jang Ha Lee,Chee Hark Harn 한국원예학회 2011 원예과학기술지 Vol.29 No.4
Using the abundant available information about the tomato genome, we developed DNA markers that are linked to disease resistant loci and performed marker-assisted selection (MAS) to construct multi-disease resistant lines and varieties. Resistance markers of Ty-1, T2, and I2, which are linked to disease resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and Fusarium wilt, respectively, were developed in a co-dominant fashion. DNA sequences near the resistance loci of TYLCV, ToMV, and Fusarium wilt were used for primer design. Reported candidate markers for powdery mildew-resistance were screened and the 32.5Cla marker was selected. All four markers (Ty-1, T2, I2, and 32.5Cla) were converted to cleavage amplification polymorphisms (CAPS) markers. Then, the CAPS markers were applied to 96 tomato lines to determine the phenetic relationships among the lines. This information yielded clusters of breeding lines illustrating the distribution of resistant and susceptible characters among lines. These data were utilized further in a MAS program for several generations, and a total of ten varieties and ten inbred lines were constructed. Among four traits, three were introduced to develop varieties and breeding lines through the MAS program; several cultivars possessed up to seven disease resistant traits. These resistant trait-related markers that were developed for the tomato MAS program could be used to select early stage seedlings, saving time and cost, and to construct multi-disease resistant lines and varieties.
Marker Development for Onion Genetic Purity Testing using SSR Finder
Hyoun-Joung Kim,Heung-Ryul Lee,Ji Young Hyun,Ki Hyeon Song,Kyu-Hyun Kim,Jung Eun Kim,Cheol-Goo Hur,Chee Hark Harn 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회지 Vol.44 No.4
Molecular genetic markers have been widely used as powerful tools for analyzing the genome. In particular, SSR markers have practical applications in breeding systems because they can be used in high-throughput analyses for genetic mapping, heritable diversity testing, purity analysis, and marker-assisted selection. Currently, due to technical advances in DNA sequencing, large sequence databases are available for large-scale SSR mining and marker development. Here, we describe an automated method, the SSR Finder program, for SSR discovery in the onion sequence database, and primer design for amplifying the detected SSRs. A total of 1,049 SSR primers were obtained for genetic purity testing, and 100 SSR sets were analyzed in 14 bulb onion breeding lines using clustering analysis. A total of 20 selected markers from screening of all 1,049 SSR primers, were finally applied for genetic purity testing in three breeding lines, NW1, NW9, and NW10. The initial tests showed that 15%, 71%, and 97% of individuals within NW1, NW9, and NW10, respectively, were genetically homogeneous. These markers produced using the SSR Finder will be useful for investigating the genetic purity of onion breeding lines.