http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
윤광균 홍익대학교 2007 홍익법학 Vol.8 No.1
While United States of America is regulating the insider trading in securities transactions under the general anti-fraud provision of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in Korea it is specifically proscribed under Securities Transaction Act. So, under Securities Transaction Act, it is the construction of the provision of the Act to decide which persons are subject to the rule and what informations are prohibited for use in relation to securities transactions. However it is still unclear how far exactly the provisions reach, for example on who is the tippee responsible and what is the material non-public information prohibited for use. Basically it should be understood that the rule on insider trading belongs to the category of fraud rule and the insider trading rule should be construed in harmony with general anti-fraud laws, such as Criminal Code and Civil Code and complimented by them. It is said that the purpose of insider trading prohibition rule is to make all traders equal on informations available. But it is hard to achieve in real world. The Act only proscribes the trade by insiders, quasi-insiders and tippees who received the non-public information from them. They are not allowed to trade while in possession of material non-public information. Besides, the informations prohibited for insider trading are only those inside informations to which the insiders have access on by their position in or relation to the company, except the information concerning impending tender offer which is market information specifically prohibited for use by another provision of the Act. There are both criminal and civil penalties for insider trading. However it is unclear to whom the insider owes civil liabilities in open market trading. The rule on insider trading should be construed to achieve the integrity of market and the confidence of investors within the possible meaning of provision and in the context of general anti-fraud laws. 증권거래법은 공정한 유기 증권거래와 투자자보호를 위하여 구체적으로 내부자거래를 금지하는 규정을 두고 있다. 미국에서는 증권법상의 포괄적인 사기금지 규정을 근거로 판례에 의히여 내부자거래 금지의 내용과 범위가 확립되어 온 반면,우리 증권거래법은 일본 증권거래법과 마찬가지로 미국의 규제를 모델로 하면서,구체적인 내부자거래 금지의 특칙을 두고 있다. 그러나 그러한 특칙은 완결적인 내용으로 되어 있는 것은 아니며, 내부자 특히 정보수령자의 범위와 손해배상책임의 범위 등에 관하여 많은 논란의 여지를 남겨놓고 있다. 증권거래법상 내부자거래 금지도 그 본질은 사기행위(fraud) 규제의 범주에 속하는 것이며,다만 증권거래법은 유기증권과 그 거래의 특수성을 고려히여 특칙을 두고 있는 것이다. 따라서 증권거래법상의 내부자거래의 규제도 사기행위와 관련한 일반법상의 규율과 조화를 이루도록 해석히여야 하며, 그 여백부분도 사기에 관한 일반적인 규율로 보충할 수밖에 없다. 미국에서는 내부자거래와 관련히여 다수의 판례가 집적되어 있으며,그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 정립되지 않은 쟁점들이 많이 남아 있다. 우리나라에서는 내부자거래에 관한 판례가 아직 많지 않은 상황이며, 그간의 긱종 저서와 논문도 주로 미국의 판례를 주로 소개하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 미국의 판례를 우리 증권거래법의 해석론으로 참고를 함에 있어서는 위와 같은 그 근거법률의 규정 내용의 차이를 염두에 두어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 우리 증권거래법상의 내부자거래 금지의 본질을 규명히여 보고, 법률규정의 해석톤으로서, 그간의 판례와 미국의 법률 및 판례를 중심으로 제반 쟁점에 관하여 정리를하고 필자의 견해도 밝혀 보았다.
2-Phenylethyl Benzenesulfonates와 1,4-Diazabicyclo-[2.2.2] octane 반응에 미치는 치환기 효과
홍성완,한광래 又石大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.10 No.-
Substituent effects of substrate for the reaction of substituted 2-phenyle-thyl benzenesulfonates with 1,4-diazabicyclo [2。2.2] octane were studied conductometrically in methanol at 44.5℃ and 54。5℃. The rate constants were calculated by Guggenheim equation and activation thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated. The rates of reaction were increased with electron donating ability of substituent in substrate. The isokinetic relationship between ΔS^≠ VS. ΔS^≠ was well correlated and this reaction is entropy controlled. The Gammett plots were correlated with good linearity and ρvalue is -0.16. From the activation parameters and the Hammett relationship, this reaction was found dissociative S_N 2 mechanism.
치환 페나실 벤젠 슬포네이트와 N, N-디메틸 아닐린 사이의 속도론적 연구
홍성완,한광래,이준경 又石大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Kinetic studies of nucleophilic substitution reactions of phenacyl. benzeneslfonates(PBS) with N, N-dimethyl anilines(DMA) were conducted by conductometric method. Hammett and Broensted values were determined, in order to examine the transition state variations caused by changes in nucleophiles, substituents and indicated a relatively advanced bond-formation in the transition state. Application of potential energy surface(PES) and quantum mechanical(QM) models of transition state characterization lead us to conclude that the reaction proceeds via associative S_N2 mechanism. It was found that reactivity-selectivity principle(RSP) and Bell-Evans principle(BEP) held within the DMA series and hence constituted a good example of a thermodynamically controlled reaction series but are violated between two different reaction series with DMA and aniline.
아세토니트릴-물 혼합용매중의 브롬화페나실과 치환아닐린과의 반응속도 연구
박진하,이국행,한광래 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1982 基礎科學 Vol.5 No.1
The rate constants for the mucleophilic substitution reactions of substituted anilines with phenacyl bromide in acetonitrile-water were conductometrically determined and the rate constants and the values of enthalpy and entropy of activation were increased with water content. Hammet plot and Bro˝nsted plot of substituted anilines showed the straight lines with positive slope, the values of activation enthalpy were comparatively low and those of activation entropy were quite negative. And we concluded that reactions were to be S_N2 mechanism.
Acetonitrile-Methyl alcohol 혼합용매중에서 β-phenylethyl ρ-chlorobenzenesulfonate와 Aniline과의 반응속도 연구
홍성완,오해범,한광래 又石大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
The reactions of β-phenylethyl p-chlorobenzene sulfonate with aniline have been studied in acetonitrile-methyl alcohol by conductometric method. The temperature of reaction were 45℃, 50℃, 55℃ and the activation thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. In results, the rates of reaction were increased with MeOH content. The isokinetic relationship was shown ΔH^≠ and ΔS^≠ its temperature was 293.1°K It was also found that the specific solvent effects were more important than the bulky solvent effect in the rate of reaction.
State-Parallel MAP Module Design for Turbo Decoding of 3GPP
Goang-SeogChoi,Jum-HanBae,Hyung-ManPark,김수원 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.40 No.4
This paper presents a state-parallel MAP (maximum a posteriori) architecture for the turbo decoder of the 3GPP (Generation Partnership Project). Implementation issues are reviewed. Due to the decoding delay and the memory size, the full frame is divided into many sub-frames to apply the decoding algorithm, and the optimal length of a sub-frame is investigated. For higher decoding speeds, the 2's complement modulo scheme is used in normalizing the state metrics, and the best bit-width of the state metric for the modulo scheme is searched. Implementation schemes like the BME (branch metric evaluator) and the state metric evaluator are also presented. Adders of 4-type and several dynamic ip- ops are investigated from the view of power consumption and speed limit. An important aspect of the proposed MAP architecture is its simplicity of control. Hence, the architecture can be easily redesigned according to the size of the sub-frame. The chip's measured power dissipation is 45 mW at a supply voltage of 2.5 V and a clock speed of 50 MHz, and it consists of 100,000 transistors, occupying 1.81.8 mm2 in 0.25-m CMOS technology.