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EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON BODY WEIGHT AT DIFFERENT AGES IN THE ROMNEY MARSH SHEEP
Fazlul Haque Bhniyan, A.K.,Curran, M.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3
Data on the birth weight, 8 week body weight and ewe body weight of an unselected random mating Romney Marsh sheep flock are analyzed to study the influence of various environmental factors. The average birth weight of lambs was 5.06 kg. Sex of lamb, birth type and dam age contributed significant variation in lamb birth weight (p < 0.05). Males were significantly heavier than females (p < 0.05) and singles were significantly heavier than multiples (p < 0.05) at birth. Birth weight of lamb increased with the progress of dams' age. The overall average 8 week body weight of lambs was 20.84 kg. Effect of birth weight, sex, birth type and dam age was significant on 8 week body weight of lamb. Eight week body weight increased with the increase of lamb birth weight (b=1.285 kg). Ewes' body weight taken before tupping was affected by ewes' age, year of performance and their weight at birth. It was concluded that performance data on lamb birth weight, 8 week body weight and ewe body weight should be corrected for the above relevantly significant environmental factors in any genetic calculation in the United Kingdom Romney March sheep.
Fazlul K Rabbanee,Rajat Roy,Piyush Sharma 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) is an innovative participative pricing strategy in which consumers determine the price they want to pay for a product or service. Past research mainly focuses on individual variables as antecedents of consumers’ willingness to pay under PWYW pricing and ignores the role of situational factors. We address this gap by investigating the effects of three situational factors, perceived crowding, involvement level and time pressure, on consumers’ PWYW pricing decisions. Pay-what-you-want (PWYW) is an innovative pricing mechanism that gives consumers maximum control over the price setting process, and thus allows buyers to entirely determine the price for their desired product or service (Schmidt, Spann & Zeithammer, 2014). The buyer has the authority to choose any price to pay for the offered product or service and there is no minimum price to protect the seller (Kahsay & Samahita, 2015). Such increased perceived control on the final price induces consumers to greater purchase intentions (Chandran & Morwitz, 2005). Hence, a growing number of firms in different industries such as music, museums, software, and charity sales are using PWYW pricing (Schmidt, Spann & Zeithammer, 2014). Internal reference price (IRP) is defined as a price in the buyers' memories that serves as a basis for judging or comparing actual prices (Monroe, 1973; Monroe, Grewal, & Compeau, 1991). In the context of PWYW involvement has a negative effect on prices paid. Involvement is the level of personal relevance consumers possess regarding a product or a purchase decision (Zaichkowsky, 1985). Involvement is conceptualized as both, an individual difference variable representing an “enduring interest” in a given product (Roy, 2015; Bloch & Richins, 1983). It is also posited that the negative effect of involvement on IRP will be further moderated by perceived crowding. Perceived crowding is often described in negative terms as a confined, constrained, and restricted physical setting; and it has two distinct dimensions, spatial crowding and human crowding (Machleit et al., 2000; Byunn & Mann, 2011). A crowded shopping environment is also incompatible with the consumers’ shopping desires and goals; hence consumers exhibit unfavorable shopping behavior such as spend less time in the store (Machleit et al., 2000; Li, Kim & Lee, 2009). Perceived crowding should therefore negatively influence consumers’ involvement and IRP, thereby affecting the money they are willing to pay in PWYW situation.
Hybrid Spectrum Sharing with Cooperative Secondary User Selection in Cognitive Radio Networks
( Md Fazlul Kader ),( Asaduzzaman ),( Md. Moshiul Hoque ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.9
In this paper, we propose a cooperative hybrid spectrum sharing protocol by jointly considering interweave (opportunistic) and underlay schemes. In the proposed protocol, secondary users can access the licensed spectrum along with the primary system. Our network scenario comprises a single primary transmitter-receiver (PTx-PRx) pair and a group of M secondary transmitter-receiver (STx-SRx) pairs within the transmission range of the primary system. Secondary transmitters are divided into two groups: active and inactive. A secondary transmitter that gets an opportunity to access the secondary spectrum is called “active”. One of the idle or inactive secondary transmitters that achieves the primary request target rate R<sub>PT</sub> will be selected as a best decode-and-forward (DF) relay (Re) to forward the primary information when the data rate of the direct link between PTx and PRx falls below R<sub>PT</sub>. We investigate the ergodic capacity and outage probability of the primary system with cooperative relaying and outage probability of the secondary system. Our theoretical and simulation results show that both the primary and secondary systems are able to achieve performance improvement in terms of outage probability. It is also shown that ergodic capacity and outage probability improve when the active secondary transmitter is located farther away from the PRx.
Non-orthogonal multiple access for a full-duplex cooperative network with virtually paired users
Kader, Md Fazlul,Shahab, Muhammad Basit,Shin, Soo Young Elsevier 2018 Journal of Computer Communications Vol.120 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is recognized as a promising radio access technology for next generation wireless networks. In this paper, a novel full-duplex (FD) cooperative relaying scheme for a NOMA based system (termed FD-NOMA-VP) is proposed, where <I>K</I> similar gain near users and relay-aided <I>N</I> similar gain far users are distributed into different NOMA cluster. In each cluster, one near user is virtually paired (VP) with multiple far users over non-overlapping frequency bands. In FD-NOMA-VP, the near user directly communicates with the base station, whereas far users communicate via a dedicated FD relay, in each cluster. The performance of FD-NOMA-VP is studied comprehensively in terms of the ergodic sum capacity, outage probability, and outage sum capacity along with analytical derivations under both perfect and imperfect interference cancellation (IC) scenarios. The results demonstrate that FD-NOMA-VP shows significant performance gains compared to the conventional multiple access scheme under perfect IC, while the residual interference has a substantial impact on the performance gain under imperfect IC. In addition, a strong agreement between analytical and simulation results affirms the correctness of our analysis.</P>
DEALING WITH CORPORATE NEGATIVE PUBLICITY: THE ROLE CAUSE RELATED MARKETING
Revadee Vyravene,Fazlul K. Rabbanee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
Negative publicity is widespread in the current marketplace, and may be of different forms ranging from sourcing garment products from sweatshops to recent Volkswagen emission crisis. Negative publicity may cause weak customer satisfaction, drop in sales, increased vulnerability to competitors’ marketing mix actions, and spill over effects on other brands (Pullig, Netemeyer, & Biswas, 2006; Van Heerde, Helsen, & Dekimpe, 2007). Existing research has focused on different response strategies for dealing with such crises. For example, Coombs (1995) listed five alternative strategies available to handle such a crisis situation: denial, distance, ingratiation, mortification, and suffering. Xi and Peng (2009) examined the effectiveness of affective, functional and informational repair strategies in restoring consumer trust after a negative publicity. However, no prior research thus far explored the role of cause related marketing in dealing with a negative publicity.