NMDA receptor dysfunction in mouse models of autism

Eunjoon Kim(김은준) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2018 대한소아청소년정신의학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

Remarkable Differences in Reactivity between Cyanide and N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Ring-Closing Reactions of 4-(2-Formylphenoxy)but-2-Enoate Derivatives

Eunjoon Park,Jina Park,Cheol-Hong Cheon 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.3

A different reactivity between cyanide and NHC with 4-(2-formylphenoxy) but-2-enoate derivatives is described.

Plasma Membrane Ca^2+ ATPase Isoform 4b Binds to Membrane-associated Guanylate Kinase (MAGUK) Proteins via Their PDZ(PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) Domains

Kim, Eunjoon,DeMarco, Steven J.,Marfatia, Shirin M.,Chishti, Athar H.,Sheng, Morgan,Strehler, Emanuel E. 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1998 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.14 No.-

Plasma membrane Ca^2+ ATPases are P-type pumps imortant for intraceooular Ca^2+ homeostasis. The extreme C termini of alternatively apliced "b"-type Ca^2+ pump isoforms resemble those of K^+ channels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunita that interact with channel-coustering proteins of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase(MAGUK)family via PDZ domains. Yeast two-hybrid assays demostrated strong interaction of Ca^2+ pump 4b with the PDZ1+2 domains of serveral mammalian MAGUKs. Pump 4b and PSD-95 could be co-immunoprecipitated from COS-7 cells overexpressing these proteins. Surface plasmon resonance revealed that a C-terminal pump 4b peptide interacted with the PDZ1+2 domains of hDlg with manomolar affinity(K_D=1.6nM), whereas binding to PDZ3 was in the micromolar range(K_D=1.2μM). In contrast, the corresponding C-terminal petide of Ca^2+ pump 2b interacted weakly with PDZ1+2 and not at all with PDZ3 of hDlg. Ca^2+ pump 4b bound strongly to PDZ1+2+3 of hDlg on filter assays, whereas isoform 2b bound weakly, and the splice variants 2a and 4a failed to bind. Together, these data demostrate a direct physical binding of Ca^2+ pump isoform 4b to MAGUKs via their splicing within the family of plasma membrane Ca^2+ pumps. Alternative splicing may ditate their specific interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins, potentially influencing their localization and incorporation into functional multiprotein complexes at the plasma membrane.

The postsynaptic density

Kim, Eunjoon,Sheng, Morgan Elsevier 2009 Current biology Vol.19 No.17

모빌리티시대에 전기자동차(EV) 디자인의 현황 및 시사점 고찰

배은준 ( Eunjoon Bae ) 한국산업디자이너협회 2021 산업디자인학연구 Vol.15 No.3

연구배경 오늘날 환경 오염과 유가 상승으로 인해 친환경적인 개념이 갖춰진 전기자동차에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 특히 구글이나 애플과 같은 전자회사에서도 전기차를 준비하는 움직임이 있는 만큼 현재는 전기자동차의 시대로 접어드는 과도기라 할 수 있다. 4차 산업혁명시대에서 자동차 산업은 제조업에만 머무르기 보다는 빅 데이터를 활용한 서비스에 가치를 두는 ‘모빌리티 서비스의 시대’라 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 때에 전기자동차의 특성을 이해하고 디자인의 현황 및 시사점을 고찰해보고자 한다. 연구방법 순수 전기자동차(EV) 개발 사례를 살펴보고 근 미래의 전기자동차(EV)의 디자인에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 연구결과 오늘날의 전기차 개발 사례를 살펴보면 TESLA의 경우 전기자동차만을 생산하며 자율주행관련 연구개발도 활발하게 진행하고 있다. BMW, AUDI, HYUNDAI와 같은 기존의 내연기관 완성차 업체들도 자신들의 디자인DNA를 계승한 순수 전기차를 출시하고 있다. 지금은 대다수 완성차 업체에서 전 차종 전기 동력으로의 전환을 준비하고 있는 과도기적인 시기이다. 전기차 개발에 있어서 내연기관 자동차 대비 디자인 자유도가 크게 허용되는 만큼, 차량의 새로운 구조와 공간에 대한 다양한 디자인 변화 가능성을 예측할 수 있었다. 결론 전기자동차는 스마트폰의 발전 과정처럼 하나의 바퀴가 달린 전자제품으로 인식될 것이며 이는 커다란 시장가치를 지니게 되어 인간의 삶에 많은 영향을 줄 것이다. 따라서 전기자동차는 하나의 운송기기이기 보다는 다양한 역할이 집약된 스마트한 전자제품으로 바라보고 디자인을 연구해야 할 것이다, Background Today, due to environmental pollution and rising oil prices, interest in electric vehicles with eco-friendly concepts is increasing. In particular, electronic companies such as Google and Apple are also moving to prepare electric vehicles, which is a transition period into the era of electric vehicles. In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the automobile industry is an era of mobility services that value services that utilize big data rather than just manufacturing. At times like this, I would like to understand the characteristics of electric vehicles and consider the current status and implications of the design. Methods I would like to look at examples of developing pure electric vehicles and get implications for the design of electric vehicles in the near future. Results Today's electric vehicle development case shows that TESLA produces only electric vehicles and is actively conducting research and development related to self-driving. Existing internal combustion engine manufacturers such as BMW, AUDI, and HYUNDAI are also releasing pure electric cars that succeeded their design DNA. This is a transitional time when most carmakers are preparing to switch to electric power for all models. As the degree of design freedom is greatly allowed in the development of electric vehicles, it was possible to predict various changes in the new structure and space of vehicles. Conclusion Electric cars will be recognized as single-wheeled electronics, just like the development of smartphones, which will have a huge market value and have a significant impact on human life. Therefore, electric vehicles should be viewed as smart electronics with a variety of roles rather than a single transportation device and studied for their design.

3D 프린팅과 AI 기술 기반의 제품 디자인 프로세스 제안

배은준 ( Eunjoon Bae ),최웅 ( Woong Choi ) 한국산업디자이너협회 2022 산업디자인학연구 Vol.16 No.1

연구배경 최근 4차 산업혁명 시대에 접어들면서 산업 분야에서 신기술을 접목하여 전통적인 생산 방법의 한계를 넘어서는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 3D 프린팅 기술은 사출성형으로 불가능한 형태의 구현 가능성을 높였고, 디자인 개발 과정에 소요되는 시간과 비용을 획기적으로 줄이고 있다. 여기에 더해서 의료기기나 자동차, 건축 등 다양한 산업 분야에서 3D프린팅과 인공지능(AI) 기술이 융합되어 효과적인 제조형태와 구조를 실현하는 활용사례가 늘어나고 있다. 현재는 제품 설계 과정에 집중되어 적용되고 있으나 제품디자인 과정에서도 이를 활용하여 디자이너의 발상만으로 상상하기 어려운 새로운 조형에 대한 탐색뿐 아니라 개발 기간 및 비용 절감을 기대할 수 있는 제품개발 프로세스가 필요하다. 연구방법 문헌 고찰을 통해서 3D 프린팅과 AI 기술의 개념과 이론을 고찰하고, 다양한 산업 분야에 두 가지 기술이 활용된 사례들을 조사하고 분석하였다. 이를 통해서 시사점을 도출하고 3D 프린팅과 AI 기술을 효과적으로 통합하기 위한 제품디자인 프로세스를 제안하였다. 연구결과 디자인 분야에서 3D 프린팅 및 AI 기술이 적용된 사례 분석을 기반으로 AI 기술 기반 제품 디자인 프로세스를 모형으로 정의하였다. 이는 알고리즘 기반 AI 디자인 원리를 적용하여 사용자 맞춤 디자인이 가능하고 프로토타이핑 과정에서 3D 프린팅 기술의 장점을 융합하여 형태 및 구조의 최적화가 요구되는 제품에 활용 가능하다. 또한 AI 기술은 디자인 단계에서 디자이너의 인지 능력을 보조하는 동시에 효율적이고 최적화된 형태 및 구조를 실현하는데 기여하고 있다. 결론 3D 프린팅과 AI 기술은 디자인 과정에서 제품 형태 구조의 물리적 검증과 디자인 아이디어의 생산 가능성을 높이고, 디자이너의 인지능력을 확장하는 도구로 향후 제품 디자인 분야에서 성장하고 발전할 것으로 예상한다. Background Recently, in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, attempts have been made to overcome the limitations of traditional production methods by incorporating new technologies in the industrial field. In various industrial fields, 3D printing and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are being fused to realize effective manufacturing forms and structures. Currently, it is concentrated in the engineering process, but it is necessary to use it in the product design process to explore new shapes that are difficult to imagine only by the designer's idea. Methods Principles and theories of 3D printing and AI technology were reviewed through literature review, and cases where the two technologies were used in various industrial fields were investigated and analyzed. Through this, we proposed a product design process to draw implications and effectively integrate 3D printing and AI technology. Results Based on case analysis of 3D printing and AI technology in the design field, the AI technology-based product design process was defined as a model. By applying the algorithm-based AI design principle, user-customized design is possible, and the advantages of 3D printing are fused in the prototyping process to be used for products that require optimization of shape and structure. Conclusion 3D-printing and AI technologies are expected to grow in product design in the future as tools that increase the physical verification of product shape and structure in the design process and expand the cognitive abilities of designers.

GKAP, a Novel Synaptic Protein That Interacts with the Guanylate Kinase-like Domain of the PSD-95/SAP90 Family of Channel Clustering Molecules

Kim, Eunjoon,Naisbitt, Scott,Hsueh, Yi-Ping,Rao, Anuradha,Rothschild, Adam,Graig, Ann Marie,Sheng, Morgan 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.13 No.-

The molecular mechanisms underlying the organization of ion channels and signsling molecules at the synaptic junction are largely unknown. Recently, members of the PSD-95/SAP90 family of synaptic MAGUK(menbrane-acssociated guanylate kinase) proteins have been shown to interact. via their NH_2-terminal PDZ domains, with certain ion channels(NMDA receptors and K^+channels). thereby promoting the clustering of these proteins. Although the function of the NH_2-terminal PDZ domains in relatively well characterized, the function of the Src homology 3(SH3) domain and the guanylate kinase-like(GK)domain in the COOH-terminal half of PSD-95 has remained obscure. WE now repoet the isolation of a novel synaptic protein. termed GKAP for guanylate kinase-associated protein. that binds directly to the GK domain of the known members of the mammalian PSD-95 family. GKAP shows a unique domain structure and appear to be a major constituent of the postsynaptic density. GKAP colocalizes and coimmunoprecipitates with PSD-95 in vivo,and colusters with PSD-95 and K^+ channels/parent lack of guanylate kinase enzymatic activity, the fact that the GK domain can as a site for protein-protein interaction has implications for the function of diverse GK-containing proteins(such as p55,ZO-1,and LIN-2/CASK).

Synaptic Clustering of the Cell Adhesion Molecule Fasciclin Ⅱ by Discs-Large and its Role in the Regulation of Presynaptic Structure

Thomas, Ulrich,Kim, Eunjoon,Kuhlendahl, Sven,Koh, Young Ho,Gundelfinger, Eckart D.,Sheng, Morgan,Gamer, Craig C.,Budnik, Vivian 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.13 No.-

The cells adhesion molecule FasciclinⅡ(FASⅡ)is invoved in synapse development and plasticity. Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that proper localization of FASⅡ at typeⅠglutamatergic aynapses of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction is mediated by binding between the intracellular tSXV bearing C-terminal tail of FASⅡ and the PDZ1-2 domains of Discs-Large (DLG). Moreover, mutations in fasⅡ and /or dlg have similar effects on presynaptic ultrastructure, suggesting their functional involvement in a common developmental pathway. DLG can directly mediate a biochemical complex and a macroscopic cluster of Ⅱ and Shaker K^+ channels in heterologous cells. These results indicate a central role for DLG in the structural organization and downstream signaling mechanisms of cell adhesion molecules and ion channels at synapses.

오픈스크린 서비스 플랫폼 기반의 자유구성 디지털 사이니지

이성희(Sunghee Lee),이은준(Eunjoon Lee),신일홍,이현우(Hyunwoo Lee) 한국통신학회 2017 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

Suppression of NMDA receptor function in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid improves social deficits and repetitive behaviors

Kang, Jaeseung,Kim, Eunjoon Frontiers Media S.A. 2015 Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol.8 No.-

<P>Animals prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an antiepileptic agent, have been used as a model for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous studies have identified enhanced NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the brain of VPA rats, and demonstrated that pharmacological suppression of NMDAR function normalizes social deficits in these animals. However, whether repetitive behavior, another key feature of ASDs, can be rescued by NMDAR inhibition remains unknown. We report here that memantine, an NMDAR antagonist, administered to VPA mice rescues both social deficits and repetitive behaviors such as self-grooming and jumping. These results suggest that suppression of elevated NMDAR function in VPA animals normalizes repetitive behaviors in addition to social deficits.</P>