Genetic and Economic Analysis for the Relationship between Udder Health and Milk Production Traits in Friesian Cows

El-Awady, H.G.,Oudah, E.Z.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.11

A total of 4,752 monthly lactation records of Friesian cows during the period from 2000 to 2005 were used to estimate genetic parameters and to determine the effect of udder health on milk production traits. Three milk production traits were studied: 305-day milk yield (305-dMY), 305-day fat yield (305-dFY) and 305-day protein yield (305-dPY). Four udder health traits were studied: somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis (MAST), udder health status (UDHS) with 10 categories and udder quarter infection (UDQI) with 7 categories. Mixed model least square analysis was used to estimate the fixed effects of month and year of calving and parity (P) on different studied traits. Sire and dam within sire were included in the model as random effects. Data were analyzed using Multi-trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology (MTDFREML) to estimate genetic parameters. Unadjusted means of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY and SCC were 3,936, 121, 90 kg and 453,000 cells/ml, respectively. Increasing SCC from 300,000 to 2,000,000 cells/ml increased UDQI from 5.51 to 23.2%. Losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields per cow ranged from 17 to 93 and from 135 to 991 kg, respectively. The corresponding losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields return per cow at the same level of SCC ranged from 29.8 to 163 and from 236 to 1,734 Egyptian pounds, respectively. Heritability estimates of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY, SCC, MAST, UDHS, UDQI were 0.31${\pm}$0.4, 0.33${\pm}$0.03, 0.35${\pm}$0.05, 0.23${\pm}$0.02, 0.14${\pm}$0.02, 0.13${\pm}$0.03, and 0.09${\pm}$0.01, respectively. All milk production traits showed slightly unfavorable negative phenotypic and genetic correlations with SCC, MAST, UDHS and UDQI. There were positive and high genetic correlations between SCC and each of MAST (0.85${\pm}$0.7), UDHS (0.87${\pm}$0.10) and UDQI (0.77${\pm}$0.06) and between MAST and each of UDHS (0.91${\pm}$0.11) and UDQI (0.83${\pm}$0.07). It could be concluded that the economic losses from mastitis and high SCC are considerable. The high genetic correlation between SCC and clinical mastitis (CM) suggest that the selection for lower SCC would help to reduce or eliminate the undesirable correlated responses of clinical mastitis associated with selection for increasing milk yield. Additionally, it is recommended also that if direct information on under health traits is not available, measures of SCC can be inclusion in a selection criteria to improve the income from dairy cows.

Some Epidemiological Measures of Cancer in Kuwait: National Cancer Registry Data from 2000-2009

El-Basmy, A.,Al-Mohannadi, S.,Al-Awadi, A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

Introduction: Cancer is the second cause of death in Kuwaiti people after cardiovascular diseases. This study is the first in the country to describe epidemiological measures related to cancer in this population. Methods: Data obtained from the Kuwait cancer registry included all Kuwaiti patients between years 2000-2009. Analyses were conducted using age-specific rates, the age-standardization-direct method, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), cumulative risk by the age of 74 years, limited-duration prevalence, mortality and forecasting to year 2029. Results: It was noted that the commonest cancer sites were colorectal with an age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 16.1/100,000 in males and breast (49.4/100,000) in the female population. The trend of cancer incidence (1974-2009) showed no statistically significant change. First causes of death due to cancer were female breast 8(6.4-9.6)/100,000 and lung (males) 8.1/100,000 (6.6-10.0). The risk of developing cancer by the age of 74 was 13.4% (1/8) and 14.3% (1/7) in males and females respectively, and the risk of dying from cancer in the same age group was 1/17 and 1/23. By the end of 2009, prevalent cases represented 0.52% of the Kuwaiti population. In the year 2029, the total number of cancer cases is expected to reach 1200 cases compared to 889 cases in 2009. Conclusions and recommendations: The most common cancers in Kuwait (breast, colorectal and lung) are largely preventable. Prompt and effective interventional prevention programs that vigorously involve diet, anti-smoking and physical activity for both sexes are urgently required.

Profile of Lung Cancer in Kuwait

El-Basmy, Amani,Al-Mohannadi, Shihab,Al-Awadi, Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer in males and the fourth most frequent site in females, worldwide. This study is the first to explore the profile of lung cancer in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: Cases of primary lung cancer (Kuwaiti) in Kuwait cancer Registry (KCR) were grouped in 4 periods (10 years each) from 1970-2009. Epidemiological measures; age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), Standardized rate ratio (SRR) and Cumulative risk and Forecasting to year 2020-2029 used for analysis. Results: Between years, 2000-2009 lung cancer ranked the 4th and the 9th most frequent cancer in males and females respectively. M:F ratio 1:3. Mean age at diagnosis (95%CI) was 65.2 (63.9-66.4) years. The estimated risk of developing lung cancer before the age of 75 years in males is 1.8% (1/56), and 0.6 (1/167) in females. The ASIR for male cases was 11.7, 17.1, 17.0, 14.0 cases/100,000 population in the seventies, eighties, nineties and in 2000-2009 respectively. Female ASIR was 2.3, 8.4, 5.1, 4.4 cases/100,000 population in the same duration. Lung cancer is the leading cause cancer death in males 168 (14.2%) and the fifth cause of death due to cancer in females accounting for 6.1% of all cancer deaths. The ASMR (95%CI) was 8.1 (6.6-10.0) deaths/100,000 population and 2.8 (1.3-4.3) deaths/100,000 population in males and females respectively. The estimated Mortality to incidence Ratio was 0.6. Conclusions: The incidence of lung cancer between years 2000-2009 is not different from that reported in the seventies. KCR is expecting the number of lung cancer cases to increase.

In situ and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biological activity

Ismail Aiad,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady,새미사반 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5

The paper reported one-step in situ, facile and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. In this technique, we had used the sun light as reducing agent as well as new prepared surfactant as catalyst and capping agent for reduction process and for sizing and shaping agent. The silver nanoparticles formation was investigated using UV–vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and FTIR. The results showed formation uniform, well arrangement and hexagonal shape of silver nanoparticle. Both prepared surfactants and surfactants capping silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria and also against sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB).

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in acidic medium by some cationic surfactants

Ismail Aiad,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady,새미사반 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5

The inhibition effect of some cationic surfactants on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss at 25–70 ℃ while potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance were used at 25 ℃. The results showed that all synthesized inhibitors were good inhibitors and their inhibition efficiencies were significantly increased by increasing both the concentration and temperature. Polarization curves revealed that the studied inhibitors act as mixed-type of inhibitors. Double-layer capacitances decrease with respect to the blank solution when these inhibitors added due to adsorption of these inhibitors on the steel surface. The adsorption of these inhibitors was found to obey Villamil adsorption model.

Characterization, surface properties and biological activity of new prepared cationic surfactants

Ismail Aiad,새미사반,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Three cationic surfactants were prepared. A condensation reaction between dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and benzaldehyde was performed. The produced Schiff base was quaternization with three fatty alkyl bromide with different carbon chain length separately to form the desired cationic surfactants. The chemical structure of synthesized cationic surfactants was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. It was found that the chemical structure of prepared compounds has an effect on surface properties, where increasing the hydrophobic chain length decrease the values of CMC, ’max while Amin value was increased. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption and micellization processes are spontaneous. It is clear that the prepared cationic surfactants at first tend to adsorb at surface, then it aggregate to form micelle. The prepared surfactants showed good biological activity against gram positive and negative bacteria and fungi in the following order of II (C12) > I (C10) > III (C16). The serial dilution method was used to evaluate the inhibiting effect of these compounds on the sulfate reducing bacteria growth.

Synthesis, surface, thermodynamic properties and Biological activity of dimethylaminopropylamine surfactants

새미사반,Ismail Aiad,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6

The chemical structure of the prepared cationic surfactants which formed through condensationreaction between dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and butyraldehyde then quaternized by threefatty alkyl bromide was confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy. The chemical structure ofprepared compounds has an effect on surface properties. By increasing the hydrophobic chain length, thevalues of CMC and ’max decrease while Amin value was increased. The Thermodynamic parametersshowed that adsorption and micellization processes are spontaneous. It is clear that the preparedcationic surfactants tend to adsorb at surface, then it aggregate to formmicelle. The prepared surfactantsshowed good biological activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria and fungi. The preparedcationic surfactant showed aggressive effect on the sulfate reducing bacteria growth.

One step green synthesis of hexagonal silver nanoparticles and their biological activity

새미사반,Ismail Aiad,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6

Hexagonal and spherical silver nanoparticles were prepared by in situ and green synthesis using sunlight as reducing agent with assistance newly prepared cationic surfactant which act also as cappingagents. The silver nanoparticles formation was investigated using UV–vis spectrophotometer,transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) and FTIR. The results showed formation uniform, well arrangement hexagonal and sphericalshapes. Increasing hydrophobic chain length increase the stability and amount of AgNPS. Both preparedsurfactants and surfactants capping silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial activity againstGram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Improving the flexural toughness behavior of R.C beams using micro/nano silica and steel fibers

Eisa, Ahmed S.,Shehab, Hamdy K.,El-Awady, Kareem A.,Nawar, Mahmoud T. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.1

Experimental investigation has been conducted to study the effect of using Micro/Nano Silica in presence of steel fibers on improving the static response of reinforced concrete beams. Twenty-one mixtures were prepared with micro silica (MS), Nano silica (NS) and steel fibers (SFs) at different percentages. Cement was replaced by 10% and 15% of Micro silica and 1%, 2% and 3% of Nano silica in the presence of steel fibers at different volume fractions 0%, 1%, and 2%. 258 concrete samples, (126 cubes, 63 cylinders, 63 prisms, and six R.C beams), were investigated experimentally in two stages. The first stage was to investigate the mechanical properties of the prepared mixtures. The second stage was to study the static behavior of R.C beams, using the designed concrete mixtures, under a four-point flexural test. The results showed that replacing cement by (10% MS and 1% NS) produces the optimum mix with a significant improvement in the mechanical properties and the response of R.C beams under static loads. In addition, incorporating steel fibers at different volume fractions have a considerable effect on the flexural toughness of concrete mixes.

Strengthening of Cutouts in Existing One-Way Spanning R. C. Flat Slabs Using CFRP Sheets

Shehab, Hamdy K.,Eisa, Ahmed S.,El-Awady, Kareem A. Korea Concrete Institute 2017 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.11 No.2

Openings in slabs are usually required for many different applications such as aeriation ducts and air conditioning. Opening in concrete slabs due to cutouts significantly decrease the member stiffness. There are different techniques to strengthen slabs with opening cutouts. This study presents experimental and numerical investigations on the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) as strengthening material to strengthen and restore the load carrying capacity of R.C. slabs after having cutout in the hogging moment region. The experimental program consisted of testing five (oneway spanning R.C. flat slabs) with overhang. All slabs were prismatic, rectangular in cross-section and nominally 2000 mm long, 1000 mm width, and 100 mm thickness with a clear span (distance between supports) of 1200 mm and the overhang length is 700 mm. All slabs were loaded up to 30 kN (45% of ultimate load for reference slab, before yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement), then the load was kept constant during cutting concrete and steel bars (producing cut out). After that operation, slabs were loaded till failure. An analytical study using finite element analysis (FEA) is performed using the commercial software ANSYS. The FEA has been validated and calibrated using the experimental results. The FE model was found to be in a good agreement with the experimental results. The investigated key parameters were slab aspect ratio for the opening ratios of [1:1, 2:1], CFRP layers and the laminates widths, positions for cutouts and the CFRP configurations around cutouts.