Nonlinear transient analysis of FG pipe subjected to internal pressure and unsteady temperature in a natural gas facility

Soliman, Ahmed E.,Eltaher, Mohamed A.,Attia, Mohamed A.,Alshorbagy, Amal E. Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.1

This study investigates the response of functionally graded (FG) gas pipe under unsteady internal pressure and temperature. The pipe is proposed to be manufactured from FGMs rather than custom carbon steel, to reduce the erosion, corrosion, pressure surge and temperature variation effects caused by conveying of gases. The distribution of material graduations are obeying power and sigmoidal functions varying with the pipe thickness. The sigmoidal distribution is proposed for the 1st time in analysis of FG pipe structure. A Two-dimensional (2D) plane strain problem is proposed to model the pipe cross-section. The Fourier law is applied to describe the heat flux and temperature variation through the pipe thickness. The time variation of internal pressure is described by using exponential-harmonic function. The proposed problem is solved numerically by a two-dimensional (2D) plane strain finite element ABAQUS software. Nine-node isoparametric element is selected. The proposed model is verified with published results. The effects of material graduation, material function, temperature and internal pressures on the response of FG gas pipe are investigated. The coupled temperature and displacement FEM solution is used to find a solution for the stress displacement and temperature fields simultaneously because the thermal and mechanical solutions affected greatly by each other. The obtained results present the applicability of alternative FGM materials rather than classical A106Gr.B steel. According to proposed model and numerical results, the FGM pipe is more effective in natural gas application, especially in eliminating the corrosion, erosion and reduction of stresses.

Nonlinear transient analysis of FG pipe subjected to internal pressure and unsteady temperature in a natural gas facility

Ahmed E. Soliman,Mohamed A. Eltaher,Mohamed A. Attia,Amal E. Alshorbagy 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.1

This study investigates the response of functionally graded (FG) gas pipe under unsteady internal pressure and temperature. The pipe is proposed to be manufactured from FGMs rather than custom carbon steel, to reduce the erosion, corrosion, pressure surge and temperature variation effects caused by conveying of gases. The distribution of material graduations are obeying power and sigmoidal functions varying with the pipe thickness. The sigmoidal distribution is proposed for the 1st time in analysis of FG pipe structure. A Two-dimensional (2D) plane strain problem is proposed to model the pipe cross-section. The Fourier law is applied to describe the heat flux and temperature variation through the pipe thickness. The time variation of internal pressure is described by using exponential-harmonic function. The proposed problem is solved numerically by a two-dimensional (2D) plane strain finite element ABAQUS software. Nine-node isoparametric element is selected. The proposed model is verified with published results. The effects of material graduation, material function, temperature and internal pressures on the response of FG gas pipe are investigated. The coupled temperature and displacement FEM solution is used to find a solution for the stress displacement and temperature fields simultaneously because the thermal and mechanical solutions affected greatly by each other. The obtained results present the applicability of alternative FGM materials rather than classical A106Gr.B steel. According to proposed model and numerical results, the FGM pipe is more effective in natural gas application, especially in eliminating the corrosion, erosion and reduction of stresses.

Analysis of crack occurs under unsteady pressure and temperature in a natural gas facility by applying FGM

Mohamed A. Eltaher,Mohamed A. Attia,Ahmed E. Soliman,Amal E. Alshorbagy 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.1

Cracking can lead to unexpected sudden failure of normally ductile metals subjected to a tensile stress, especially at elevated temperature. This article is raised to study the application of a composite material instead of the traditional carbon steel material used in the natural gas transmission pipeline because the cracks occurs in the pipeline initiate at its internal surface which is subjected to internal high fluctuated pressure and unsteady temperature according to actual operation conditions. Functionally graded material (FGM) is proposed to benefit from the ceramics durability and its surface hardness against erosion. FGM properties are graded at the radial direction. Finite element method (FEM) is applied and solved by ABAQUS software including FORTRAN subroutines adapted for this case of study. The stress intensity factor (SIF), temperatures and stresses are discussed to obtain the optimum FGM configuration under the actual conditions of pressure and temperature. Thermoelastic analysis of a plane strain model is adopted to study SIF and material response at various crack depths.

Analysis of crack occurs under unsteady pressure and temperature in a natural gas facility by applying FGM

Eltaher, Mohamed A.,Attia, Mohamed A.,Soliman, Ahmed E.,Alshorbagy, Amal E. Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.1

Cracking can lead to unexpected sudden failure of normally ductile metals subjected to a tensile stress, especially at elevated temperature. This article is raised to study the application of a composite material instead of the traditional carbon steel material used in the natural gas transmission pipeline because the cracks occurs in the pipeline initiate at its internal surface which is subjected to internal high fluctuated pressure and unsteady temperature according to actual operation conditions. Functionally graded material (FGM) is proposed to benefit from the ceramics durability and its surface hardness against erosion. FGM properties are graded at the radial direction. Finite element method (FEM) is applied and solved by ABAQUS software including FORTRAN subroutines adapted for this case of study. The stress intensity factor (SIF), temperatures and stresses are discussed to obtain the optimum FGM configuration under the actual conditions of pressure and temperature. Thermoelastic analysis of a plane strain model is adopted to study SIF and material response at various crack depths.

Impact of hydrophobic tails of new phospho-zwitterionic surfactants on the structure, catalytic, and biological activities of AgNPs

Ahmed H. Elged,Samy M. Shaban,M.M. Eluskkary,I. Aiad,E.A. Soliman,Asma M. Elsharif,김동환 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.94 No.-

In this study, three anionic-cationic zwitterionic Gemini surfactants containing three differenthydrophobic tails were prepared and their chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hydrophobic tail of thesynthesized phospho-zwitterionic Gemini surfactants significantly affected the morphological structureof silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared using a photochemical reduction method, which utilizedsunlight as a surplus source of a reducing agent. Increasing the hydrophobic tail length of the surfactantpromoted the formation of AgNPs exhibiting smaller particle sizes with a uniform structure. Moreover, asconfirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), these AgNPs displayed higher stability in solution than those synthesized inthe presence of Gemini surfactants with a shorter hydrocarbon tail. The impact of tail variation on thecatalytic and antimicrobial performance of AgNPs was also examined. The synthesized surfactant/AgNPsystems showed remarkable catalytic activity in the removal of certain toxic pollutants, including paranitrophenol(p-NP) and methylene blue (MB), which were converted into less toxic compounds in thepresence of NaBH4. Notably, the surfactant exhibiting the longest chain hydrocarbon, i.e., ZGH, producedAgNPs with the highest catalytic activity. This is thefirst study concerning the effects of the surfactant tailon the catalytic activity of NPs. The good biological performance of the synthesized Gemini surfactantsagainst sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) demonstrated their potential for application in mitigating thegrowth of SRB during petroleum treatment processes. The combination of the synthesized surfactantswith AgNPs significantly enhanced their biological performance.

Study of the dynamic behavior of porous functionally graded suspension structural systems using finite elements method

Ayman E. Nabawy,Ayman M.M. Abdelhaleem,Soliman S. Ali-Eldin,Alaa A. Abdelrahman 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.45 No.5

In the context of the finite elements method, the dynamic behavior of porous functionally graded double wishbone vehicle suspension structural system incorporating joints flexibility constraints under road bump excitation is studied and analyzed. The functionally graded material properties distribution through the thickness direction is simulated by the power law including the porosity effect. To explore the porosity effects, both classical and adopted porosity models are considered based on even porosity distribution pattern. The dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the Hamiltonian principle. Closed forms of the inertia and material stiffness components are derived. Based on the plane frame isoparametric Timoshenko beam element, the dynamic finite elements equations are developed incorporating joint flexibilities constraints. The Newmark’s implicit direct integration methodology is utilized to obtain the transient vibration time response under road bump excitation. The presented procedure is validated by comparing the computational model results with the available numerical solutions and an excellent agreement is observed. Obtained results show that the decrease of porosity percentage and material graduation tends to decrease the deflection as well as the resulting stresses of the control arms thus improving the dynamic performance and increasing the service lifetime of the control arms.

Towards the production of monodisperse gelatin nanoparticles by modified one step desolvation technique

Khaled S. Shamarekh,Heba A. Gad,Mahmoud E. Soliman,Omaima A. Sammour 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.2

Purpose The aim of the present study was to prepare gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) using modified one step desolvation method to obtain small, uniformly sized, and spherical GNPs. Methods The modifications involved the preparation of high molecular weight gelatin (HMWG) by fractionation of gelatin. HMWG was freeze-dried to be used in a specified concentration for preparation of GNPs with controllable properties. Furthermore, HMWG was cationized by dissolving it in acidified deionized water at pH value less than its isoelectric point. Factorial design analysis was utilized to investigate the effect of different preparation variables (viz. HMWG concentration, pH and ratio of HMWG solution volume to non-solvent volume) on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and yield of GNPs. Results Results revealed the formation of monodisperse GNPs with small particle size, low PDI values (< 0.2) and high yield. FT-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that the conformational structure of HMWG chains was altered within GNPs matrices. Conclusion The suggested modifications introduced on the one-step desolvation method enable to prepare successfully monodispersed GNPs with narrow size distribution and high particle yield.

Characterization, surface properties and biological activity of new prepared cationic surfactants

Ismail Aiad,새미사반,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Three cationic surfactants were prepared. A condensation reaction between dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and benzaldehyde was performed. The produced Schiff base was quaternization with three fatty alkyl bromide with different carbon chain length separately to form the desired cationic surfactants. The chemical structure of synthesized cationic surfactants was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. It was found that the chemical structure of prepared compounds has an effect on surface properties, where increasing the hydrophobic chain length decrease the values of CMC, ’max while Amin value was increased. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption and micellization processes are spontaneous. It is clear that the prepared cationic surfactants at first tend to adsorb at surface, then it aggregate to form micelle. The prepared surfactants showed good biological activity against gram positive and negative bacteria and fungi in the following order of II (C12) > I (C10) > III (C16). The serial dilution method was used to evaluate the inhibiting effect of these compounds on the sulfate reducing bacteria growth.

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in acidic medium by some cationic surfactants

Ismail Aiad,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady,새미사반 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5

The inhibition effect of some cationic surfactants on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss at 25–70 ℃ while potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance were used at 25 ℃. The results showed that all synthesized inhibitors were good inhibitors and their inhibition efficiencies were significantly increased by increasing both the concentration and temperature. Polarization curves revealed that the studied inhibitors act as mixed-type of inhibitors. Double-layer capacitances decrease with respect to the blank solution when these inhibitors added due to adsorption of these inhibitors on the steel surface. The adsorption of these inhibitors was found to obey Villamil adsorption model.

Evaluation of some cationic surfactants based on dimethylaminopropylamine as corrosion inhibitors

새미사반,Ismail Aiad,Mohamed M. El-Sukkary,E.A. Soliman,Moshira Y. El-Awady 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Three cationic surfactants based on Schiff base were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel inacidic medium. Three techniques were used for the evaluation as corrosion inhibitors, namely; weightloss, polarization and electrochemical impedance. The results showed that all synthesized inhibitors aregood inhibitors and their inhibition efficiencies were significantly increased by increasing both theconcentration and temperatures. Polarization curves revealed that the studied inhibitors represent amixed-type inhibitors. Changes in impedance parameters such as charge transfer resistance, Rct, anddouble-layer capacitance, Cdl were indicative for adsorption of inhibitors on themetal surface, leading tothe formation of a protective film. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that theinhibitors are a mixed type. The adsorption of these inhibitors was found to obey Villamil adsorptionmodel.