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Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection
Fred H. Cate,Rachel Dockery 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2018 경제규제와 법 Vol.11 No.2
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed in recent years. Today, AI tools are used increasingly by both private and public sector organizations around the globe. The capabilities of AI now and in the near future create widespread and substantial benefits for individuals, institutions, and society. However, these same technological innovations raise important issues, including questions about the tension between AI and data protection laws. As a result, we have both an opportunity and an obligation to examine the effectiveness of current data protection laws in light of 21<SUP>st</SUP>-century technological realities. While compliance with existing data protection laws is important, a better long-term approach is to see the challenges presented by AI as another wake-up call that our current approach to data protection is increasingly outdated and ineffective. Viewed in this light, it is data protection law that must be improved if it is to protect privacy, effectively address the challenges presented by AI, and avoid creating unnecessary, bureaucratic barriers to AI’s benefits. Five reforms appear necessary: Shifting from Individual Consent to Data Stewardship A More Systemic and Well-Developed Use of Risk Management A Greater Focus on Data Uses and Impacts A Framework of Harms Transparency and Redress
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Fred H. Cate,Rachel Dockery,김태오(번역자) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2018 경제규제와 법 Vol.11 No.2
인공지능(AI)은 최근 빠르게 발전하였다. 오늘날, AI 기술은 민간 뿐 아니라, 공공 조직에 의해 전세계적으로 점점 더 많이 활용되고 있다. 현재, 그리고 머지않은 장래에 AI는 개인, 기관 및 사회에 광범위하고 실질적인 편익을 만들어낼 것이다. 그러나 동일한 기술혁신이더라도 중요한 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 예컨대, AI와 개인정보보호 간의 갈등과 관련한 문제이다. 결과적으로, 현행 개인정보보호 규범이 21세기 기술 현실에 유효한지를 검토할 기회이기도 하고 의무이기도 하다. 현행 개인정보보호 규제를 준수하는 것이 중요하지만, 더 나은 중장기적인 접근법은 오늘날 개인정보보호법에 대한 접근방식이 점점 낡고 비효율적이라는 점을 일깨워주는 AI의 도전을 목격하는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 보면, 프라이버시를 보호하고, 효과적으로 AI에 의해 나타난 문제를 처리하고, 불필요한, 관료주의적인 AI 편익에 대한 장벽을 없애기 위해서는 개인정보보호 규제가 개선되어야 한다. 다음의 다섯 가지 사항의 개선이 필요한 것으로 생각된다. - 개별 동의에서 데이터 관리로 패러다임 전환 - 더 체계적이고 제대로 개발된 리스크관리 적용 - 데이터 이용 및 영향에 대한 더 많은 초점 - 손해를 측정하기 위한 체계 - 투명성 확보 및 권리구제
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Jeffrey CY Chan,John Ward,Fabio Quondamatteo,Peter Dockery,John L Kelly 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6
Background: The depth of graft harvest and the residual dermis available for reepithelizationprimarily influence the healing of split-skin graft donor sites. When the thigh region ischosen, the authors hypothesize based on thickness measurements that the anterolateralregion is the optimal donor site. Methods: Full-thickness skin specimens were sampled from the anteromedial, anterior, andanterolateral regions of human cadavers. Skin specimens were cut perpendicularly with acustom-made precision apparatus to avoid the overestimation of thickness measurements. The combined epidermal and dermal thicknesses (overall skin thickness) were measured usinga digital calliper. The specimens were histologically stained to visualize their basementmembrane, and microscopy images were captured. Since the epidermal thickness varies acrossthe specimen, a stereological method was used to eliminate observer bias. Results: Epidermal thickness represented 2.5% to 9.9% of the overall skin thickness. There wasa significant difference in epidermal thickness from one region to another (P<0.05). Theanterolateral thigh region had the most consistent and highest mean epidermal thickness(60±3.2 μm). We observed that overall skin thickness increased laterally from the anteromedialregion to the anterior and anterolateral regions of the thigh. The overall skin thicknessmeasured 1,032±435 μm in the anteromedial region compared to 1,220±257 μm in theanterolateral region. Conclusions: Based on skin thickness measurements, the anterolateral thigh had the thickestepidermal and dermal layers. We suggest that the anterolateral thigh region is the optimaldonor site for split-skin graft harvests from the thigh.
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Chan, Jeffrey C.Y.,Ward, John,Quondamatteo, Fabio,Dockery, Peter,Kelly, John L. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.6
Background The depth of graft harvest and the residual dermis available for reepithelization primarily influence the healing of split-skin graft donor sites. When the thigh region is chosen, the authors hypothesize based on thickness measurements that the anterolateral region is the optimal donor site. Methods Full-thickness skin specimens were sampled from the anteromedial, anterior, and anterolateral regions of human cadavers. Skin specimens were cut perpendicularly with a custom-made precision apparatus to avoid the overestimation of thickness measurements. The combined epidermal and dermal thicknesses (overall skin thickness) were measured using a digital calliper. The specimens were histologically stained to visualize their basement membrane, and microscopy images were captured. Since the epidermal thickness varies across the specimen, a stereological method was used to eliminate observer bias. Results Epidermal thickness represented 2.5% to 9.9% of the overall skin thickness. There was a significant difference in epidermal thickness from one region to another (P<0.05). The anterolateral thigh region had the most consistent and highest mean epidermal thickness ($60{\pm}3.2{\mu}m$). We observed that overall skin thickness increased laterally from the anteromedial region to the anterior and anterolateral regions of the thigh. The overall skin thickness measured $1,032{\pm}435{\mu}m$ in the anteromedial region compared to $1,220{\pm}257{\mu}m$ in the anterolateral region. Conclusions Based on skin thickness measurements, the anterolateral thigh had the thickest epidermal and dermal layers. We suggest that the anterolateral thigh region is the optimal donor site for split-skin graft harvests from the thigh.
KCI
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