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Sky Mavis: Vietnam’s Unicorn that Disrupted Global Gaming Industry
Tran Diem Quynh,Do Quynh Trang,Nguyen Ha Anh,Le Ba Hung,정경화,Nguyen Phuong Linh Academy of Asian Business (AAB) 2023 Academy of Asian Business Review Vol.9 No.1
Sky Mavis, founded in 2019 by a Vietnamese software developer, is the parent of the game titled “Axie Infinity,” one of the highest-grossing blockchain-based games ever released. It took Sky Mavis only three years and eight months to transform from an idea on paper into a unicorn start-up valued at USD 8.5 billion in 2021. Sky Mavis has done an excellent job in positioning their game Axie Infinity as the pioneer, trendsetter, and revolutionary in an unestablished industry and later provided a favorable foundation for many coming applications. The success of Sky Mavis and its product, Axie Infinity, can be attributed to three main factors: product differentiation, customer-centric and community-building initiatives, and crisis management. What is special is that Sky Mavis offered players benefits beyond mere enjoyment by unleashing its potential to generate income and transfer digital assets. Successfully landing as a top player in the blockchain-based gaming market, Sky Mavis is now at the stage of choosing whether to pivot or persevere. By introducing Sky Mavis's story and analyzing its success, this article contributes to helping to understand fast-changing gaming industry and provides guidelines that can benefit game companies.
( Tran Thien Quan Vu ),( Diem Thu Pham ),( Quynh Mai Pham ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-
Purpose This study aimed to describe the blood EOS levels in patients with these diseases and state of ICS prescription in groups of COPD patients according to the blood EOS cut - offs 100 and 300 cells/μL. Materials and Method This study was a retrospective descriptive cross - sectional study and a convenience sampling of outpatients aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed with asthma (based on medical history, symptoms, smoking < 10 pack-years and positive reversibility test), COPD (based on symptoms, smoking > 10 pack-years, and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70) or ACO (COPD (age > 35, smoking > 10 pack-years, post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70, and positive reversibility test with FEV1 increased > 400 miL and 15%) in University Medical Center in 2019 and had blood EOS tests. 333 asthma patients, 168 COPD patients and 102 ACO patients were included. Results Of 333 asthma patients, 143 (42.9%) were male, of 168 COPD patients 158 (94.0%) were male, of 102 ACO patients, 91 (89.2%) were male. Median age +/- IQR of asthma, COPD, ACO was 53 (39-65), 67 (62-73), 62 (54-68), respectively. Medians of blood EOS in asthma patients (2.9%; 249 cells/mL) and ACO patients (2.8%; 260 cells/mL) were significantly higher than in COPD patients (2.0%; 170 cells/mL). All three groups have mainly blood EOS levels of ≥ 100 cells/μL. The ratio of COPD patients with blood EOS < 100 cells/mL using ICS accounted for 35.6%. The ratio of COPD patients with blood EOS ≥ 300 cells/mL without ICS was 63.0%, of which 35.2% were group D patients. Conclusion This descriptive study of blood EOS levels in asthma, COPD and ACO patients is a cornerstone of further studies to find out the most appropriate EOS thresholds for diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in Vietnam.
Conformational change of organic cofactor PLP is essential for catalysis in PLP-dependent enzymes
Ho-Phuong-Thuy Ngo,Diem-Quynh Nguyen,Hyunjae Park,Yoon Sik Park,Kiwoong Kwak,Taejoon Kim,Jang Ho Lee,Kyoung Sang Cho,강린우 생화학분자생물학회 2022 BMB Reports Vol.55 No.9
Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes are ubiquitous,catalyzing various biochemical reactions of approximately 4%of all classified enzymatic activities. They transform amines andamino acids into important metabolites or signaling moleculesand are important drug targets in many diseases. In the crystalstructures of PLP-dependent enzymes, organic cofactor PLPshowed diverse conformations depending on the catalytic step. The conformational change of PLP is essential in the catalyticmechanism. In the study, we review the sophisticated catalyticmechanism of PLP, especially in transaldimination reactions. Most drugs targeting PLP-dependent enzymes make a covalentbond to PLP with the transaldimination reaction. A detailedunderstanding of organic cofactor PLP will help develop a newdrug against PLP-dependent enzymes.
Inhibitory Role of TRIP-Br1/XIAP in Necroptosis under Nutrient/Serum Starvation
Sandag, Zolzaya,Jung, Samil,Quynh, Nguyen Thi Ngoc,Myagmarjav, Davaajargal,Anh, Nguyen Hai,Le, Dan-Diem Thi,Lee, Beom Suk,Mongre, Raj Kumar,Jo, Taeyeon,Lee, MyeongSok Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.3
Currently, many available anti-cancer therapies are targeting apoptosis. However, many cancer cells have acquired resistance to apoptosis. To overcome this problem, simultaneous induction of other types of programmed cell death in addition to apoptosis of cancer cells might be an attractive strategy. For this purpose, we initially investigated the inhibitory role of TRIP-Br1/XIAP in necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis, under nutrient/serum starvation. Our data showed that necroptosis was significantly induced in all tested 9 different types of cancer cell lines in response to prolonged serum starvation. Among them, necroptosis was induced at a relatively lower level in MCF-7 breast cancer line that was highly resistant to apoptosis than that in other cancer cell lines. Interestingly, TRIP-Br1 oncogenic protein level was found to be very high in this cell line. Up-regulated TRIP-Br1 suppressed necroptosis by repressing reactive oxygen species generation. Such suppression of necroptosis was greatly enhanced by XIAP, a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. Our data also showed that TRIP-Br1 increased XIAP phosphorylation at serine87, an active form of XIAP. Our mitochondrial fractionation data revealed that TRIP-Br1 protein level was greatly increased in the mitochondria upon serum starvation. It suppressed the export of CypD, a vital regulator in mitochondria-mediated necroptosis, from mitochondria to cytosol. TRIP-Br1 also suppressed shikonin-mediated necroptosis, but not TNF-α-mediated necroptosis, implying possible presence of another signaling pathway in necroptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that TRIP-Br1/XIAP can function as onco-proteins by suppressing necroptosis of cancer cells under nutrient/serum starvation.
Ho-Phuong-Thuy Ngo,Diem-Quynh Nguyen,김승환,김정구,안예진,강린우 한국구조생물학회 2019 Biodesign Vol.7 No.2
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a plant pathogen, which causes a bacterial blight of rice. The bacterial blightis one of the most devastating diseases of rice in most of the rice growing countries and there is no effective pesticideagainst bacterial blight. The β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (FabH) plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis(FAS) and is a promising drug target for the development of antibacterial agents. Xoo0878 gene, a fabH gene, from Xoowas cloned and its gene product Xoo0878 was expressed, purified and crystallized. Xoo0878 crystal diffracted to 2.1Åresolution and belonged to the triclinic space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 57.3Å, b = 64.7Å, c = 104.2Å and α =81.6°, β = 84.7°, γ = 74.4°. There are four monomers in the asymmetric unit, with a corresponding crystal volume per proteinweight of 2.65 Å3 Da−1 and a solvent content of 53.6%. Xoo0878 structure will be useful to develop new antibacterial agentsagainst Xoo.
Thi Binh Nguyen Nguyen,Thi Kieu Diem Nguyen,Van Hue Trương,Thi Tuyet Ngoc Tran,van Bao Thang Phan,Thi Tuyen Nguyen,Hoang Bach Nguyen,Viet Quynh Tram Ngo,Van Tuan Mai,Paola Molicotti 질병관리본부 2023 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.14 No.5
Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods: In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results: A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion: To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.
Vo Minh Hoang Do,Long Giang Bach,Diem-Huong Nguyen Tran,Van Du Cao,Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen,Duc Thuan Hoang,Van Cuong Ngo,Dai Hai Nguyen,Thai Thanh Hoang Thi 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.2
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is emerging as an effective nanocarrier for delivering anticancer drugs. Still, unmodified PAMAM dendrimer is hardly used in vivo because of unsatisfied drug release, high tendency of interfering with cellular membranes, and rapid clearance by reticuloendothelial system. In this study, low generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.0 is developed and surface modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol (PAMAM G3.0-mPEG) to overcome its limitations. Specifically, PAMAM G3.0 conjugated with mPEG at different ratios are investigated to effectively eliminate its charge-associated toxicity, in which PAMAM G3.0-mPEG- 8 is chosen for oxaliplatin (OX) loading. Results reveal that OX-loaded PAMAM G3.0-mPEG-8 has desirable size, good entrapment efficiency, and sustained release with minimum drug leakage. In addition, Resazurin assay indicates that the toxicity of loaded OX is reduced as compared to free drug but still maintain substantially anticancer activity on HeLa cells, suggesting the potential application of PAMAM G3.0-mPEG-8 for OX delivery in cancer therapy.
Thien-Hoang Ho,Kyoungho Jung,Inho Lee,Kim-Hung Huynh,Diem-Quynh Nguyen,Hyunjae Park,Sang Hee Lee,Lin-Woo Kang 한국구조생물학회 2017 Biodesign Vol.5 No.1
The emergences of multi-drug resistant bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumanni have emphasized the necessity of new antibiotics. Peptidyl deformylase (PDF) catalyzes the removal of the formyl group from the N-terminal formylated methionine residue present in all nascent polypeptides in bacteria. In this study, the PDF gene from Acinetobacter baumannii K0420859 was cloned and its protein was overexpressed in E. coli, purified, and crystallized. The purified protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method and the crystal diffracted to 2.4 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to the trigonal space group P3 2 with unit cell parameters of a = b= 39.4 Å and c = 187.9 Å. Two protomers were presented in the asymmetric unit with a corresponding V M of 2.10 Å 3 Da -1 and a solvent content of 41.5%.