Wheat Dextrin, Psyllium, and Inulin Produce Distinct Fermentation Patterns, Gas Volumes, and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles In Vitro

Derek A. Timm,Ashok Hospattankar,Joanne L. Slavin 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4

Dietary fiber fermentation decreases luminal pH by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additional proposed physiological benefits of fiber fermentation include decreased growth of pathogenic bacteria, increased mineral absorption, and serving as an energy source for the colon epithelium. This study examined three common fiber supplements—wheat dextrin (WD) (Benefiber®, Novartis Consumer Health Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA), psyllium (PS) (Metamucil®, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA), and inulin (Fiber Sure®, Procter & Gamble)—for pH, SCFAs, and gas production. An established in vitro fermentation model was used to simulate colonic fermentation at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. At 24 hours, WD and inulin significantly decreased pH compared to PS. Inulin produced significantly more hydrogen and total gas. All treatments produced similar total SCFA concentrations at 24 hours; however, the rate of production was different. PS had a declining rate of SCFA production from 12 to 24 hours, whereas WD and inulin had a higher rate during that period. Fast-fermenting substrates may not provide as much SCFAs to the distal colon as slow-fermenting substrates. Differences in fermentation rate, gas production, and SCFA production observed for WD, PS, and inulin may affect their gastrointestinal tolerance and require further study.

Prevalence and Incidence of Epilepsy in an Elderly and Low-Income Population in the United States

Derek H. Tang,Daniel C. Malone,Terri L. Warholak,Jenny Chong,Edward P. Armstrong,Marion K. Slack,Chiu-Hsieh Hsu,David M. Labiner 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.3

Background and Purpose Te purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy among an elderly and poor population in the United States. Methods Arizona Medicaid claims data from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010 were used for this analysis. Subjects who were aged ≥65 years and were continuously enrolled in any Arizona Medicaid health plans (eligible to patients with low income) for ≥12 months between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2009 were considered eligible for inclusion in the study cohort. In addition to meeting the aforementioned criteria, incident and prevalent cases must have had epilepsy-related healthcare claims. Furthermore, incident cases were required to have a 1-year “clean” period immediately preceding the index date. Negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with epilepsy incidence and prevalence. Results Te estimated epilepsy incidence and prevalence for this population in 2009 were 7.9 and 19.3 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Te incidence and prevalence rates were signifcantly higher for patients with comorbid conditions that were potential risk factors for epilepsy and were of younger age than for their non-comorbid and older counterparts (p<0.05). Te prevalence rates were signifcantly higher for non-Hispanic Blacks and male benefciaries than for non-Hispanic Whites and female benefciaries, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions Tis patient population had higher epilepsy incidence and prevalence compared with the general US population. Tese diferences may be at least in part attributable to their low socioeconomic status.

Overview of Legal Measures for Managing Workplace COVID-19 Infection Risk in Several Asia-Pacific Countries

Derek Miller,Tsai Feng-Jen,Kim Jiwon,Tejamaya Mila,Putri Vilandi,Muto Go,Reginald Alex,Phanprasit Wantanee,Granadillos Nelia,Bt Zainal Farid Marina,Capule Carmela Q.,Lin Yu-Wen,Park Jihoon,Chen Ruey-Y 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.4

Background: Despite the lack of official COVID-19 statistics, various workplaces and occupations have been at the center of COVID-19 outbreaks. We aimed to compare legal measures and governance established for managing COVID-19 infection risks at workplaces in nine Asia and Pacific countries and to recommend key administrative measures. Methods: We collected information on legal measures and governance from both general citizens and workers regarding infection risks such as COVID-19 from industrial hygiene professionals in nine countries (Indonesia, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Republic of the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) using a structured questionnaire. Results: A governmental body overseeing public health and welfare was in charge of containing the spread and occurrence of infectious diseases under an infectious disease control and prevention act or another special act, although the name of the pertinent organizations and legislation vary among countries. Unlike in the case of other traditional hazards, there have been no specific articles or clauses describing the means of mitigating virus risk in the workplace that are legally required of employers, making it difficult to define the responsibilities of the employer. Each country maintains own legal systems regarding access to the duration, administration, and financing of paid sick leave. Many workers may not have access to paid sick leave even if it is legally guaranteed. Conclusion: Specific legal measures to manage infectious disease risks, such as providing proper personal protective equipment, education, engineering control measures, and paid sick leave are recommended to be stipulated in Industrial safety and health-related acts.

Contentious Afterthoughts: Shaw`s Surprising "Sequel" to His Greatest Comedy

( Derek Mc Govern ) 21세기영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학21 Vol.28 No.4

Pygmalion (1913) is widely regarded as George Bernard Shaw’s greatest comedy. A subversive work, it was conceived as an inversion of Ovid’s “Pygmalion and the Statue.” In Shaw’s version, his Pygmalion, phonetician Henry Higgins transforms his “statue,” flower seller Eliza Doolittle, by teaching her to speak like a duchess. Instead of marrying her overbearing “creator,” however, Eliza becomes an independent woman. The play culminates with her walking out on Higgins, vowing never to see him again. But interpreters of Pygmalion thought otherwise, and meddled with the ending to imply that the pair ultimately married. To counter this tampering, Shaw concocted a prose sequel that he appended to Pygmalion. The sequel, he declared, would explain what really happened to his characters after the play was over. Rather than preserving the integrity of his play through the sequel, however, this paper argues that Shaw’s postscript had the opposite effect: it removes all of the finely wrought ambiguity of Pygmalion’s ending by painstakingly detailing a mundane future for Eliza, robbing her of all her great promise in the play. Moreover, Eliza emerges in the sequel as a less talented individual than in the play, further disillusioning admirers of this character. Worse still, her behavior in the sequel contradicts her fierce commitment in the play to an independent life without the misogynistic Higgins, undermining both her and Shaw’s feminism, and the central theme of Pygmalion.

Enhancing the experience of needs satisfaction through service engagement: a case of commercial fitness centers in Malaysia

Derek Ong Lai Teik 한국마케팅과학회 2015 마케팅과학연구 Vol.25 No.2

The commercial fitness industry is booming in Malaysia and the competition that hasbuilt up means it is becoming more difficult to entice new members to fitnessestablishments. This research investigates the needs of those who are engaging with theservices of these commercial fitness operators and analyses how this engagement playsa role in determining overall satisfaction with service. The Scale of Service Quality forRecreational Sport (SSQRS) was used for data collection and reveals that members aredrawn more to interaction, outcome, physical environment quality and the engagementthey receive from a gym membership more than to the programs that are offered. Thisstudy’s findings contribute to the development of marketing strategies to supportsustainable growth of the fitness industry.

Playing Romantic Favorites

Derek McGovern 새한영어영문학회 2017 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Fungicides for Dollar Spot Suppression on Creeping Bentgrass Greens

Derek Settle(데릭셋트),Sang-Kook Lee(이상국),Randy Kane(랜디케인) 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2011 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.25 No.1

크리핑 벤트그래스는 골프장의 그린과 페어웨이에서 가장 널리 이용되는 종중의 하나이다. 크리핑벤트그래스는 곰팡이병류인 동전마름병에 가장 취약한 종이며 동전마름병은 잔디의 잎에서 그 병반이 나타나며 높은습도와 낮의온도 그리고 비교적 낮은 밤의 온도에서 발병률이 더 높은것으로 알려져 있다. 곰팡이병균류를 제어 하기위한 약제들에 관한 이전의 연구에서는 혼합된 약제에 의해 관리된 잔디는 단일품에 의해 관리된 잔디에 비해 더 좋은 잔디의 질을 나타내지 못했다. 이 부분에 대한 정확한 원인이 규명이 되지 않았으며 비료프로그램과 환경에 의한 영향이 약제의 사용과 잔디의 질을 나타낸다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 잔디의 질병이 가장 많이 발생하고 고온다습한 여름철에 골프코스 그린에서 발생하는 동전마름병의 방제 할 수 있는 약제프로그램과 잔디의 품질에 대한 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 총 9가지 약제조합이 이 연구에서 사용이 되었다. 동전마름병에 의한 피해와 잔디의 품질이 G-2/L-93 혼합된 크리핑벤트그래스 그린에서 측정이 되었다. Fore를 제외한 모든 조합이 동전마름병의 방제에 좋은 결과를 보여 주었다. Fore의 경우 동전마름병의 피해가 30%까지 나타났으며 대조군과 차이가 나타나지 않았다. Fore의 낮은 잔디품질은 동전마름병의 방제가 잘 이루어지지 않았기 때문으로 나타났다. Creeping bentgrass (Agrosis stolonifera L.) is regarded to be the most widely used cool-season turfgrass species grown on golf greens and fairways in temperate climates of North America. Creeping bentgrass is highly susceptible to the fungal disease ‘dollar spot’ caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Dollar spot is a foliar disease favored by conditions of high humidity, warm days, and cool nights. Studies using Aliette Signature (Fosetyl Aluminum formulated with a green pigment) mixed with another broad-spectrum fungicide do not always provide additional visual quality benefits compared to the fungicide alone. The exact mechanism for improved summer visual quality, when it occurs, is not known. Fertility management and environment likely contribute. The object of this study is to evaluate fungicide strategies for control of dollar spot and effect on visual quality during summer and on an L-93/G-2 creeping bentgrass green. Nine fungicide combinations were used for this study. Disease control and visual quality by fungicides was evaluated on an established G-2/L-93 creeping bentgrass green at 3-hole Sunshine Golf Course in Lemont, IL. All fungicide combination showd excellent dollar spot suppression except Fore throughout the study. Visual quality of greens by addition of Aliette Signature is enhanced when bentgrass growth is compromised and slow. Dollar spot levels in Fore plots increased to 30% on 14 August, and was no different than untreated plots. Unacceptable quality by Fore was due to lack of dollar spot control.

The Musicalization of George Bernard Shaw’s Candida

Derek McGovern 새한영어영문학회 2015 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

North Korea and the United States: A Strategic Profile

( Derek D Smith ) 한국국방연구원 2004 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.16 No.1

The true motivation behind North Korea`s nuclear weapons program may be known only to Kim Jong-Il and his military advisers. Nevertheless, through an analysis of a state`s bargaining positions, rhetoric, and military decisions, it is possible to create a strategic profile that can help to determine its primary interests and probable future choices. In North Korea`s case, it appears that defensive objectives are paramount, with its nuclear program serving either as a source of exchange in return for a security guarantee, or a means to deter the United States from taking aggressive action. The troubling possibility is that due to North Korea`s dire financial situation, reprocessed plutonium from the Yongbyon reactor will find its way onto the black market and into the hands of terrorists, despite the best efforts of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI). This may be an unlikely prospect, given that to date North Korea has only exported its missile technology, and not any Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). However, circumstances may change, or an unexpected coup could create a scramble for nuclear material beyond international control. This dire prospect should drive U.S. negotiators to be more flexible and conciliatory in its settlement efforts, since there are few other credible options and time is very much on North Korea`s side.

Capital Ownership and the Political Economy of Free Trade Agreements

( Derek Pyne ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.2

This article examines the political economy of free trade agreements. It assumes that, unlike labour, capital in two countries is owned and represented by the same lobby group. Using a Heckscher-Ohlin framework, factors affecting the likelihood of political parties and lobby groups supporting free trade agreements are investigated. The effects of free trade agreements on tariffs facing non-member countries are also examined.