Cross-country Comparison of Effects of ‘Confidence in Science’ and ‘Instructional Clarity in Science Lessons’ on ‘Science Achievement’: Focusing on the Mediation Effect of ‘Interest in Learning Science’*

Baek,Sun-Geun,Cho,Sijung,Yang,Hye-Won,Kim,Seojin 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2021 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.30 No.4

The effects of ‘confidence in science’ and ‘instructional clarity in science lessons’ on ‘science achievement’ mediated by ‘interest in learning science’ were investigated comparatively across South Korea, Japan, the USA, and England. From the data of TIMSS 2019, 3,861 cases from South Korea, 4,446 cases from Japan, 8,698 cases from the USA, and 3,365 cases from England were used to test a hypothesized structural equation model. As a result, the model fitted the data of each country satisfactorily, and measurement was found to be equivalent across the four countries. Moreover, the effect of confidence on achievement was statistically significant in all countries whereas the effect of instructional clarity on achievement and the effect of interest on achievement were only significant in South Korea and the USA. Furthermore, the mediation effect of interest was only significant in South Korea and the USA. Such results provide new perspectives in the role of confidence, instructional clarity, and interest on students’ science achievement and implications for customized educational programs and policies for each country.

Agrobacterium을 이용한 고추의 형질전환체계개발

최근원,박영두,박승국,전영주,유일웅,김인태,백운돈 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

본 실험은 고추의 형질전환체 선발을 위한 최소의 항생제농도를 결정하고 그 결과를 이용하여 형질전환체를 유기하고 효율을 최대화하기 위하여 수행한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 항생제 감응성 검정결과 kanamycin 40㎎/ℓ와 hygromycin 20 ㎎/ℓ에서 신초형성이 완전히 억제되었다. 2. Agrobacterium 제거에 사용되는 carbenicillin과 cefotaxime 처리시 재분화에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았으며 cefotaxime 200㎎/ℓ 처리에서는 무처리구보다 신초형성이 더 활발하였다. 3. 회복친인 135Q와 276F에서는 형질 전환시 높은 재분화율을 보였으나 형질전환율은 각각 10%와 11.1%의 낮은 빈도를 보였다. 4. 재분화된 신초들을 대상으로 histochemical GUS assay를 실시한 결과 부분적으로 푸른발색이 확인되었다. 5. GUS활성을 보인 신초들에 대한 NPTⅡprimer를 이용한 PCR검정에서 NPTⅡ 유전자의 존재가 확인되었다. A transformation system using Agrobacterium tumefaciens was developed with different genotypes of hot peppers (Capsicum annuum). Four antibiotics commonly used in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were tested for their effects on shoot regeneration. Shoot induction was completely inhibited by kanamycin at 40㎎/ℓ and hygromycin at 20㎎/ℓ or higher, but not by carbenicillin and cefotaxime. Cotyledon explants of hot peppers were cocultivated with Agrobacterium turnefaciens LBA4404 which carries a binary. vector pBI121 harboring the neomycin phosphotransferase, type Ⅱ (NPT Ⅱ) gene and β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. For selection of transformed cells, 40㎎/ℓ kanamycin were used because the sensitivity test showed that 40㎎/ℓ kanamycin completely inhibited shoot induction from nontransformed cells. Histochemical GUS assay showed the presence of the GUS gene and PCR analysis confirmed the NP TⅡ gene was integrated. Transformation frequency was about 10.0% and 11.1% of total regenerants from 135Q and 276F, respectively.

Development and Validation of the Transformative Competency Scale for High School Students Using Scenario Method

Sun-Geun Baek(Sun-Geun Baek),Seojin Kim(Seojin Kim),Hyemin Park(Hyemin Park) 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2023 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.32 No.2

This study aims to develop and validate a Transformative Competency Scale for high school students using the scenario method. To do this, based on ‘Education 2030’ of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), five sub-elements were newly composed considering related prior studies that were comprehensively reviewed for each of the three sub-domains of Transformative Competency (creating new value, reconciling tensions and dilemmas, and taking responsibility). The preliminary Transformative Competency Scale for high school students with 3 scenarios for each sub-domain (total 9 scenarios) and 10 items for each scenario (total 90 items) was revised and supplemented through expert group review with 9 doctors for content validity and focus group interview (FGI) with 8 high school students for face validity. The test was conducted on 207 high school students in Busan using the developed scale, then the final scale was completed in consideration of the factor loadings, content validity, and construct validity by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the collected data (total 9 scenarios, 45 items). The results of the confirming factor analysis and reliability of the final scale were good.

Successful treatment by exchange transfusion of a young infant with sodium nitroprusside poisoning

Baek, Jong-Geun,Jeong, Hoar-Lim,Park, Ji-Sook,Seo, Ji-Hyun,Park, Eun-Sil,Lim, Jae-Young,Park, Chan-Hoo,Woo, Hyang-Ok,Youn, Hee-Shang,Yeom, Jung-Sook The Korean Pediatric Society 2010 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.53 No.8

Although sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is often used in pediatric intensive care units, cyanide toxicity can occur after SNP treatment. To treat SNP-induced cyanide poisoning, antidotes such as amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and hydroxycobalamin should be administered immediately after diagnosis. Here, we report the first case of a very young infant whose SNP-induced cyanide poisoning was successfully treated by exchange transfusion. The success of this alternative method may be related to the fact that exchange transfusion not only removes the cyanide from the blood but also activates detoxification systems by supplying sulfur-rich plasma. Moreover, exchange transfusion replaces cyanide-contaminated erythrocytes with fresh erythrocytes, thereby improving the blood's oxygen carrying capacity more rapidly than antidote therapy. Therefore, we believe that exchange transfusion might be an effective therapeutic modality for critical cases of cyanide poisoning.

Characteristics of Wind Flow Variation with Wing Development of Space-Reduced Damper

Geun-Uk Baek(백근욱),Nam-Do Baek(백남도),Myung-Won Lee(이명원),Myungchang Kang(강명창) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.20 No.7

INSERTION-OF-IDEAL-FACTORS-PROPERTY

Baek, Sang Ha,Han, Jung Min,Kim, Eun Ji,Kim, Ju Hee,Kim, Jung Soo,Kim, Min Jae,Kim, Pyeong-Geun,Yi, Changyoon,Lee, Dong Geun,Lee, Seung Yeop,Seo, Dae Jae,Lee, Yang,Ryu, Sung Ju The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2014 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.30 No.5

Due to Bell, a ring R is usually said to be IFP if ab = 0 implies aRb = 0 for $a,b{\in}R$. It is shown that if f(x)g(x) = 0 for $f(x)=a_0+a_1x$ and $g(x)=b_0+{\cdots}+b_nx^n$ in R[x], then $(f(x)R[x])^{2n+2}g(x)=0$. Motivated by this results, we study the structure of the IFP when proper ideals are taken in place of R, introducing the concept of insertion-of-ideal-factors-property (simply, IIFP) as a generalization of the IFP. A ring R will be called an IIFP ring if ab = 0 (for $a,b{\in}R$) implies aIb = 0 for some proper nonzero ideal I of R, where R is assumed to be non-simple. We in this note study the basic structure of IIFP rings.

Synthesis of SnS Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition at Low Temperatures

Baek, In-Hwan,Pyeon, Jung Joon,Song, Young Geun,Chung, Taek-Mo,Kim, Hae-Ryoung,Baek, Seung-Hyub,Kim, Jin-Sang,Kang, Chong-Yun,Choi, Ji-Won,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Han, Jeong Hwan,Kim, Seong Keun American Chemical Society 2017 Chemistry of materials Vol.29 No.19

<P>Two-dimensional (2-D) metal chalcogenides have received great attention because of their unique properties, which are different from bulk materials. A challenge in implementing 2-D metal chalcogenides in emerging devices is to prepare a well-crystallized layer over large areas at temperatures compatible with current fabrication processes. Tin monosulfide, a <I>p</I>-type layered semiconductor with a high hole mobility, is a promising candidate for realizing large-area growth at low temperatures because of its low melting point. However, tin sulfides exist in two notable crystalline phases, SnS and SnS<SUB>2</SUB>. Therefore, it is imperative to control the oxidation state of Sn to achieve a pure SnS film. Here, the synthesis of SnS thin films by atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) is demonstrated using bis(1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-propoxy)tin(II) and H<SUB>2</SUB>S as Sn and S sources, respectively, over a wide temperature window (90–240 °C). Impurities such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen were negligibly detected. The morphological evolution of plate-like orthorhombic SnS grains was observed above 210 °C. Moreover, properties of thin film transistors and gas sensors using SnS films as the active layers were investigated. The SnS ALD process would provide promising opportunities to exploit the intriguing properties of the 2-D metal chalcogenides for realizing emerging electronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2017/cmatex.2017.29.issue-19/acs.chemmater.7b01856/production/images/medium/cm-2017-018563_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm7b01856'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Increased synovial expression of IL-27 by IL-17 in rheumatoid arthritis.

Baek, Seung Hoon,Lee, Seung Geun,Park, Young Eun,Kim, Geun Tae,Kim, Chi Dae,Park, So Youn Birkhäuser 2012 Inflammation research Vol.61 No.12

<P>Interleukin (IL) 17 plays an important role in synovial inflammation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while IL-27 exerts a regulatory role in T cell-mediated immune responses. Our aim was to study the influence of IL-17 on IL-27 production in RA.</P>

Development and Validation of Student Class Satisfaction Scale for Secondary School Students

Baek Sun-Geun,Kim SuHyun,Song Yumi,Kim Min-Kwon,Kim Yun-Kyung 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2019 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.28 No.2

Students’ class satisfaction is a representative indicator of an educational outcome in school, and accurately measuring its level possibly benefits evaluation and enhancement of educational quality of school education. In such a context, this study aimed to develop and validate a Student Class Satisfaction Scale (SCSS) that comprehensively and systematically covers crucial factors of class in Korean secondary schools. Based on thorough literature review, the concept of student class satisfaction was represented by the ‘construct maps’ each of which elaborated the 4 domains of ‘Objective’, ‘Contents’, ‘Method’, and ‘Outcome’. The preliminary version of the scale was developed by specifying each domain into 6 Likert-type items (the total of 24 items). The content validity of the items was reviewed and supplemented by an expert group in the field of educational measurement and evaluation. Subsequently, a pilot test using the preliminary version of scale was conducted on 919 secondary school students of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Daejeon, and Gyeongnam. Using the data, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of reliability coefficient were conducted. Consequently, the finalized SCSS (the total of 20 items) was proven to be well-constructed in terms of construct validity and reliability (factor model fit-statistics of TLI=.951, CFI=.961, RMSEA =.069, SRMR =.030, and each item’s factor loadings ranging from .682 to .902; Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = .974).

교사용 실천지능검사의 구성 요인에 대한 이론적 고찰

백순근(Baek Sun-Geun) 한국교육평가학회 2005 교육평가연구 Vol.18 No.2

이 연구는 교사용 실천지능검사, 즉 교직수행지능검사(敎職遂行知能檢査, practical intelligence test for teachers)를 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로, 교직수행지능검사의 구성 요인에 대해 이론적으로 고찰한 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 실천지능의 의미와 특성을 학문지능과 비교하여 자세히 논의하였다. 그 다음으로 교사가 교직을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해 필요한 실천지능, 즉 교직수행지능의 개념에 대해 논의하였으며, 그 구성 요인에 대해 이론적으로 탐색하였다. 특히 관련 연구들을 종합적으로 검토한 다음 교직수행지능을 ‘교사가 교직을 수행하는 과정에서 발생하는 문제나 갈등 상황을 잘 해결하거나 해소할 수 있는 능력’으로 규정하였다. 아울러 교직수행지능의 구성 요인으로 교직에서 수행해야 할 과제나 업무에 따라 7가지 하위 영역, 즉 ① 교과교육, ② 생활지도, ③ 행정업무, ④ 학생과의 관계, ⑤ 학부모와의 관계, ⑥ 동료교사와의 관계, ⑦ 자기계발을 제안함과 동시에, 각 하위 영역에 속하는 특정 문제나 갈등 상황에서 선택할 수 있는 행동 전략을 3가지, 즉 ① 자기조절(self-adjustment), ② 상황조정(restructuring), ③ 무관심(indifference)으로 유형화하였다. 또한 교직수행지능검사에 포함될 측정 문항을 개발하기 위해 ‘하위 영역×행동 전략’의 이원분류표를 작성할 것을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to inquire theoretically into the construct of practical intelligence for teachers in order to develop its measurement scale, so called 'practical intelligence test for teachers (PITT)' in near future. For this study, the meaning of practical intelligence and its characteristics are discussed comprehensively in comparison with those of academic intelligence. In addition, based upon literature reviews, the concept of practical intelligence for teachers is defined as the ability to cope with conflictive or problematic situations while performing their jobs. Finally, it is suggested that the construct of practical intelligence for teachers might be composed of seven sub-domains (① instruction, ② guidance, ③ administrative work, ④ relations with students, ⑤ relations with parents, ⑥ relations with co-workers, ⑦ self-development) with three typical types of behavioral strategies (① self-adjustment, ② restructuring, ③ indifference). It is also suggested that two dimensional table with 7 sub-domains by 3 behavioral strategies be developed in order to make future measurement item for PITT.